The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

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RespirationRespiration

A. Purpose: A. Purpose: to exchange gases to exchange gases

between blood and between blood and

external environmentexternal environment

B. Why? B. Why? oxygen is needed to release energy from food by the process of cellularrespiration: CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22 6CO 6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O + O + 36ATP36ATP

O2

food

ATP

CO2

C. How?C. How?

Gases move across a moist barrier (alveoli) called the respiratory surface

Diffusion of gases (high to low concentration) thru the capillaries

Mouth

NosePharynx

LarynxTracheaLung

Bronchus

Bronchioles

Edge ofpleural membrane

Diaphragm

Epiglottis

Capillaries

Alveoli

Bronchiole

Figure 37-14 The Respiratory System

D. Respiratory Organ Systems:D. Respiratory Organ Systems:

• How Does Respiration occur in one celled How Does Respiration occur in one celled organisms? organisms? Gases diffuse across the cell membraneGases diffuse across the cell membrane

Organ FunctionOrgan Function

NostrilsNostrils

TracheaTrachea

BronchiBronchi

BronchioleBronchioless

AlveoliAlveoli(looks like a (looks like a

bunch of bunch of grapes)grapes)

Lined with cilia , warms, moistens and filters incoming air

Windpipe made of cartilage

Two main branches that enter lungs

Small air tubes that SPREAD THROUGHOUT THE LUNG• Tiny air sacs located at

the end of bronchioles • Site of gas exchange

1. End products** The end products of aerobic cellular respiration, water and carbon dioxide diffuse into the blood. Then these waste gases are released from the lungs.

Were does it occur? the alveoli; OO2 2 IN, COIN, CO2 2 OUT OUT

Capillary

Bronchiole

Alveoli

Figure 37-15 Gas Exchange in the Lungs

Passageway to the Passageway to the lungslungs::

nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli

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2. How does it occur? Driven by air pressure -Air moves from High to Driven by air pressure -Air moves from High to

Low pressureLow pressure

inhaleexhale

Air inhaled

Diaphragm

Rib cage rises

Air exhaled

Diaphragm

Rib cage descends

Inhalation Exhalation

Figure 37-16 The Mechanics of Breathing

1) Inhalation (active process)• Diaphragm FLATTENS AND CONTRACTS • Air rushes into lungs through the respiratory

tubes,• Chest cavity EXPANDS

Air inhaled

Diaphragm

Rib cage rises

Air exhaled

Diaphragm

Rib cage descends

Inhalation Exhalation

Figure 37-16 The Mechanics of Breathing

2) Exhalation (passive)•Diaphragm RISES AND RELAXES forcing air out of lungs•Moving air out (caused by Chest cavity COLLAPSING)

Breathing and Breathing and maintaining Homeostasismaintaining Homeostasis

controlled by the concentration of CO2

If CO2 is high, breathing rate fast

If CO2 is low, breathing rate is slow

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E. Respiratory Homeostasis Disorders

1. PneumoniaAlveoli fill with fluids and mucus resulting in coughing and breathing difficulties

2. AsthmaAllergic reaction in which bronchiole contractions create breathing difficulties

3. EmphysemaAir sacs lose their elasticity and breakdown resulting in a loss of respiratory surface in the lungs

1. Not smoking – first and second hand smoke are damaging

2. Stay away from pollutants3. Wash hands when possible

F. Preventing respiratory disease

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A Healthy Lung (outer view)

A healthy lung (inside view)

A LUNG AFTER SMOKING….

MTV Real Life Emphysema MTV Real Life Emphysema Video – Pam LaffinVideo – Pam Laffin

““I can’t breathe” httpI can’t breathe” http://vimeo.com/26971447