the restless continents
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The Restless Continents. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGcDed4xVD4&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1. Have you ever looked at a map of the world?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Restless Continents
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGcDed4xVD4&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Have you ever looked at a map of the world?
O Did you notice how the coastlines of continents on opposite sides of the oceans appear to fit together like the pieces of a puzzle?
Is this a coincidence?O How is it that the coastlines fit
together so well?
O Is it possible that the continents were actually together sometime in the past?
Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis
O One Scientist who looked at the pieces of this puzzle was Alfred Wegener in the early 1900’s
O He wrote about his hypothesis: Continental Drift
Continental DriftO The hypothesis
that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations.
Continental Drift explained a few puzzling questions
O Why do the continents seem to fit together like a giant puzzle?
O Why are fossils of the same plant and animal species found on continents that are on different sides of the Atlantic Ocean?O Mesosaurus – SA, AfricaO Glossopterous –Antartica,
Africa, AustraliaO Why are rocks with different
magnetic alignments found in the same place (paleomagnetism)?
The HypothesisO Wegener made many
observations before proposing his hypothesis of continental drift.
O He thought that all the present continents were once joined in a single, huge continent called Pangaea
PangaeaO “Pangaea” means “all
earth”O It existed about 245
million years agoO It split into two huge
continents about 180 million years ago
O LaurasiaO GondwanaO These two continents split
again about 65 million years ago to form the continents we know today
But Wegener’s theory of continental drift was not widely accepted during his lifetime….O Many scientists would not accept his
hypothesis.O They said that the calculated
strength of the rocks that make up the Earth’s crust would not allow the crust to move in that way.
O Many years later, other evidences were presented that supported his theory.
What do you think…O Our continents will look like in the
future?
O Will we move back together?
O Will we be further apart?
O What evidence will future scientists use to show our current day locations?
Demonstration of Sea Floor Spreading
O Fold your 1 meter of paper in half to form a “V”
O Slide the paper between two tables. Have them close enough to grip the paper, but far enough apart so that the paper can slide through the crack.
O Using the ruler, slide the paper out 10 cm one each side.
O Draw a vertical line on the paper at the table’s crack. Label this area “1” on both sides of the paper
O Measure out 10 more cm, draw your line and label this area “2”on both sides of the paper
O Continue this until you have 5 sections on each side
The Restless Planet: Sea Floor
SpreadingUnit 2: Sixth Grade
So what did Wegener believe was moving the continents?
O Sea-floor Spreading !O It was proposed that as the tectonic plates
move apart, it creates a rift that allows magma to rise to the surface of the ocean floor and solidifies.O Mid-Ocean ridges are places where sea-floor
spreading takes placeO Mid-Atlantic Ridge
O This creates new crust in that area, further pushing the continents apart.
O Evidence: older crust is farther away from the mid-ocean ridge than newer crust is.
Sea-Floor Spreadinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GyMLlLxbfa4&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
DebateO We will be debating the most compelling evidence
to support the theory of continental drift.O There will be three groups.
O Group 1: Fossil SimilaritiesO Group 2: Landform SimilaritiesO Group 3: Sea Floor Spreading
O You will have 20 minutes to form your argument.O Use notes, ITs, netbooks to find infoO Write your points on the construction paper as bullets
O Groups will then present their arguments to the class
Other evidence to support continental drift
O Stratigraphy: studying the layers of the Earth, showed that the geologic columns in Antarctica and India were similar
O Glaciation: Glacial deposits in Canada were also found in India and southern Africa
O Marine CoralsO Mountain Belts: ancient mountains in
South Africa and near Buenos Aires, Argentina align when the two continents are fitted together.
More evidence to support Sea-Floor Spreading
O Magnetic ReversalsO Throughout Earth’s history, the north and south
poles have changed places many times.O The molten rock at the mid-ocean ridges contains
tiny grains of magnetic minerals.O They act as compasses, lining up with the
magnetic field of the Earth.O When the magma cools, these tiny compasses are
preserved in the rock.O When the poles reverse, the mineral grains are
aligned in with the “incorrect” pole.O Paleomagetism
Magnetic Reversals