THE RESTORATION

DO NOW• Please take out your Restoration Skeletons from Friday the 12

The Restoration 1660-1798

• You have 15 minutes to finish up before we transition

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Alexander Pope(1688-1744)

• He was a child prodigy from a Roman Catholic family• Pope suffered from tuberculosis that stunted his growth• At age 24 he published a mini classical epic, The Rape of the Lock• Pope is the most important poet of the early 18th century• He became rich and famous• As a man, Pope is both loved and hated

The Rape of the Lock-Alexander Pope

• Mock Epic:A comic narrative poem that parodies the epic by treating a trivial subject in a lofty, grand manner. A mock epic uses dignified language, elaborate figures of speech, and supernatural intervention.

Pope used the traditional epic devices in a comic way. His contemporaries enjoyed recognizing similarities between The Rape of the Lock and serious epics like Homer’s Iliad, The Odyssey, and Beowulf.

• Supernatural beings• The warning dream

• A battle

Connections• Think… • What are all of the magazines and tabloids typically about at

store checkout counters?• What do many Americans enjoy (guilty pleasure) reading

about?

• Many Americans find it very interesting to learn about the trivial problems or petty quarrels of celebrities. • The Rape of the Lock tells the story of a petty quarrel among

the 18th century English nobility…

DO NOW!• Please take out lined paper• Title it Jonathan Swift

Jonathan Swift(1667-1745)

• Swift was born in Dublin, Ireland to English parents• He always thought of himself as more English than Irish (Anglo-

Irishman)

• Swift was an ordained priest in the Church of Ireland• Dean of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin

• His aim in writing was to improve human conduct

• Swift is England’s greatest satirist

Gulliver’s TravelsWhy do writers create fantasy worlds? One answer: to allow them to

comment on the real world.

• Gulliver’s travels (a novel) was first published in 1726 and was an instant best seller. It was originally published anonymously.

• On the surface, Gulliver’s Travels is a lighthearted fantasy, but on a deeper level it is a work of satire.• Swift was commenting on the flimsy reasons nations sometimes go to war and the corruption of governments (especially King George I).

Gulliver’s Travels• Is filled with huge exaggerations and extreme situations- • Satire criticizes a practice or situation through sarcasm and

extreme exaggeration.

• In each of Gulliver’s travels, he encounters a different fantasy civilization, inhabited by creatures of various attributes-all of which enabled Swift to comment on human nature, culture, and politics in a sneaky sort of way.

DO NOW!•Please take out your Vocab. HMWK•Then- Quietly read the article on Swift’s essay

A Modest Proposal- Jonathan Swift

•What is Swift’s “modest proposal”?• Proposes to provide for the people of Ireland by selling and

eating 1 year old babies!

• Benefits of Proposal: 1. Number of Papists would be lessened

2. The poor tenants will possess something valuable

3. Nation’s stock and economy will grow

4. Constant “breeders” will only have to provide for their child for 1 year

5. This food (babies) would bring a great custom to taverns

6. Marriages would benefit and motherhood will be more tender

“A Modest Proposal”6. Interpret Satire

-Irish landlords are destroying their poor tenants by charging high rents

-Protestants would be glad to see the number of Catholics dwindle

-Irish Protestants living abroad are irresponsible and hypocritical

-earlier proposals could have helped relieve poverty if thy had received enough support

A Modest Proposal•What is the purpose of this satirical essay?• Swift is drawing attention to the predicament of the Irish by

offering ridiculous solutions

•Whom or what is Swift trying to reform?• England’s unfair treatment of the Irish• English Landlords• Ineffective political leadership

DO NOW-Lottery1. Define the following vocab words…

Scrupulous and Sustenance

2. Explain the difference between connotation and denotation.

3. Who wrote “A Modest Proposal” and what form of satire is it?

4. Explain whom or what the speaker is trying to reform in “A Modest Proposal”

DO NOW• Title a piece of lined paper -Thomas Gray

•We are going to read “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”• Based on this title, what do you think the poem will be about?

What is the setting?

Thomas Gray(1716-1771)

• Gray is the best lyric poet of the mid-18th century• A precursor of the Romantic Age to come

• He attended Eton College and Cambridge University• He preferred solitary walks in the countryside over the hustle

and bustle of London

• He was very shy and reluctant to publish his verses

• Crisis- He was the only one of his 12 siblings to survive to adulthood. His best friend Richard West died from TB at 24

• Gray led a quiet, frugal life

“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”-

Thomas Gray

• Gray was one of the first writers in English to believe that the lives of ordinary people are suitable subjects for serious poetry

Theme• Everybody dies: The famous people of the earth are no

different from the rest of us in that respect.

Poetic Form: Elegy•Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard” is one of the most famous English elegies.

•An elegy is an extended meditative poem in which the speaker reflects on death—often in tribute to a person who has died recently—or on an equally serious subject. Most elegies are written in formal, dignified

language and are serious in mood and tone.

Meter and Rhyme Scheme•Gray wrote the poem in four-line stanzas•Quatrains

•Each line is in iambic pentameter•Each line has five pairs of syllables for a total of ten syllables

DO NOW!• Please take out your vocab. HMWK and quiz a pod buddy!

DO NOW• Big Idea- What are life’s LIMITATIONS?

• In our world of modern conveniences and endless possibilities, it’s hard to think about limits. But for most people in the 18th century, life’s limitations were readily apparent. From scarce resources and opportunities to dangerous health threats and premature death, ordinary people faced innumerable obstacles in their lives. Gray’s “Elegy” addresses the limitations imposed upon ordinary people of his time.

• NOW- Survey four classmates- what is the biggest limitation faced by young people you know? Record the responses. How do today’s limitations compare with those of the past?

Inferences

• Making an inference is also known as reading between the lines. The reader must put together the information the author provides and the information that the reader already knows to come up with the answer.

• the text + previous knowledge = inference

Make Inferences•What would you guess about the lives of the people portrayed in this stanza?

Oft did the harvest to their sickle yield,

Their furrow oft the stubborn glebe has broke;

How jocund did they drive their team afield!

How bowed the woods beneath their sturdy stroke!

The words harvest and sickle tell us these people were…

What does the word jocund suggest?

Stanza 1

• Curfew- ringing bell in the PM reminded people in English tones to put out their fires and go to bed• Knell- mournful sound• Parting day- • day’s end, twilight

• Lea- • meadow

• Tone of the stanza/poem= • Somber, melancholy, peaceful

The Curfew tolls the knell of parting day,The lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me.

Stanza 9

• Boast of heraldry-• Proud talk about the noble roots of one’s family• Pomp-• Ceremonies of nobles

• Meaning- • Every person- no matter how important, powerful, or wealthy-ends

up the same, dead

The boast of heraldry, the pomp of pow’r, And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike th’ inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave.

Stanza 14

• These are the most famous lines in the poem• Meaning/Theme-• Gray is comparing the humble village people to undiscovered gems in caves at the bottom of the ocean and to undiscovered flowers in the desert.• Beautiful creations are wasted because they aren’t seen• The potential of the humble people go most unnoticed

Full many gem of purest ray serene,The dark unfathom’d caves of ocean bear:Full many a flow’r is born to blush unseen,And waste its sweetness on the desert air.

DO NOWLottery

1. Who wrote “An Elegy Written in a Country

Churchyard”?

2. List one fact about this poet’s life?

3. What is an elegy?

4. What is the main theme of the poem?