the rhetoricity of ovid's construction of exile

8/12/2019 The Rhetoricity of Ovid's Construction of Exile

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THE RHETORICITY OF OVID'S CONSTRUCTION OF EXILE AND THEPOETA

STRUCTUS EXSULIS

(WITH A SPECIAL ADDENDUM CONCERNING ALEXANDER PUSHKIN)

by

SAMANTHA C. TOMAN

A THESIS

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THESIS APPROVAL PAGE

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THESIS A9STRACT

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CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME OF AUTHOR5 S!"% C. T$!

GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED5

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We"er! W%+!/"$! U!+er+"y= 9e**+!/%

DEGREES AWARDED5

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AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST5

C*+,* P%+*$*$/y

A!,+e!" P%+*$$&%y

L"+! E&+,

L"+! E*e/y

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE5

Te,%+!/ +"!"= C*+, De&r"e!"= U!+er+"y $ Ore/$!= E-/e!e= 2343@2342

GRANTS= AWARDS= AND HONORS

Gr#-"e Te,%+!/ Fe**$8%+&= C*+,= 2343@2342


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TA9LE OF CONTENTS

C%&"er P/e

I. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 4

II.LE!ILIS UT "OSTER STATUS EST, ITA LE!ILE CAR#E"$ THE OVIDIAN

CONSTRUCT AND THE POWER OF LANGUAGE....................................................

III. A DRAMATIC AND HYPER9OLIC LANDSCAPE5 OVID AND THE

RHETORIC OF PHYSICAL DISTANCE................................................................... 4

IV. THE RHETORIC OF 9ODILY FRAGMENTATION IN THE OVIDIANPOETA

STRUCTUS.................................................................................................................... 2B

V.#E"S%UE #A&IS &RACILI CORPORE "OSTRA 'ALET$ CICERO= OVID=

DEATH@RHETORIC= AND"AURA&IU#................................................................ ?

VI. ADDENDUMARE(ELL, REE ELE#E"T$ ALEXANDER PUSHKIN

AND THE OVIDIAN CONSTRUCT........................................................................... 3

REFERENCES CITED................................................................................................. ?

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

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CHAPTER II

LE!ILIS UT "OSTER STATUS EST, ITA LE!ILE CAR#E"$ THE OVIDIAN

CONSTRUCT AND THE POWER OF LANGUAGE

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4 Tristia V.B (24@2).

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A $ "%e 8r+"+!/ $ "%e +"% b$$7 $ "%e Tristia, O+# % bee! +! T$+ $r "%ree yer.

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19/77

+&*+e ! ," $ "r!*"+$!= ! e$r" "$ "r!,e!# "%e brr+er $ >$"%er!e.,&"+e< ""e $ %+ &$e"+, r" ($!,e $re= re+"er"+$! $ "%e &re+$-*y e6&*$re#

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42


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A"= &-"$= + #ee! "-#+- "*e re"e&"e=

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I "%+!7 I


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#+"!,e r$ "%e +!&+r"+$! $ R$e= %+ ,$!+!ee!"= *+!/-+"+, !# &%y+,*= !# be+!/

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*e" 8+"% &$e" 8%$ + "%r++!/ *+!/-+"+,**y= + e"r!/e# r$ eery"%+!/ e*e r$ 8%+,% %e

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,$&*e6 &$*y@r%e"$r+,* e6er,+e.

4


22/77

CHAPTER III

A DRAMATIC AND HYPER9OLIC LANDSCAPE5 OVID AND THE

RHETORIC OF PHYSICAL DISTANCE

) ) ) ) ) )

D$e &$e" !ee#

T$ r$-e "%e !+/%"re +! %+ %er"

Tee e$ry 8+"% e!e*e #r"

Or 7e $,+e"y &y %ee#

I *$!e...

@P-%7+!22

) ) ) ) ) )

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,%&"er 8+** #e$!"r"e= + ! e*b$r"e ,$!"r-," *#e! 8+"% +" $8! ery &e,++, r%e"$r+,*

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y= O+# % %+$!e# %y&erb$*+,= "%" + "$ y= grossl. an intentionall. exaggerate

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Ge"+, !# Sr"+! linguae)= +! $r#er "$ #r8 ,$!"r" be"8ee! #+"!"= ',++*+e#' R$e !#

%+ *+e!= 'brbr+!' -rr$-!#+!/. T%e +!,ree# ,$!"r" re*+e $! "%e &%y+,* #+"!,e r$

R$e5 "%e -!#e!"* ," "%" T$+ *+e " "%e ery r+!/e $ "%e e&+re= 8%+*e R$e= $

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e$ry $ %+ %rb$re# by #+"!" r+e!#= +*y= !# $,+"e= "%r$-/% -e $ "%e r%e"$r+,*

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22 'T%e C$!er"+$! $ "%e P$e" !# "%e 9$$7e**er'L.ric Poems$ 59*>)59*?+

4


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%e!,e$r"% be "ere# "%e 'r%e"$r+, $ "%re"'. D+"!,e r$ R$e + &ree!"e# !"-r**y

%rb$r+!/ "%re" "$ "%epoeta= +! "%" %e + -rr$-!#e# by &ere!!+* !# &"%$@+!#-,+!/

periculum= +!"e!#e# "$ e$7e y&"%y +! %+ #+"!" !# #8+!#*+!/ -#+e!,e#8+!#*+!/= "%e

r/-e!" ,$e "$ be= be,-e $ e!,r$,%+!/ $b*++$!= 8%+,% &r"+**y +!$*e "%e

J,$!"r+!e# M-e (+*e!,e) e6+!e# b$e. T%+ &r"+,-*r r%e"$r+, $ #+"!,e= 8+"% +"

,$!,$+"!" "%re"@r%e"$r+,= eer/e "%e #$+!!" #+,$-re 8%e! -rey+!/ O+#'

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$!e $r e,% "r$&e= e,% 8+"% +" $8! re,-rr+!/ *e+"$"+.

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poeta structus= *$!/ 8+"% #e,+#e#*y %y&erb$*+, "re"e!" $ O+#' e!+r$! +! T$+. T7e!

"$/e"%er= "%ee "8$ e*ee!"= *!#,&e@@e"&%$r !# %y&erb$*e= ,re"e !# %e+*y

-!#er,$re e!e $ ++!e!" #!/er "$ "%e e6+*+,@,$!"r-,"= "%- e!b*+!/ "%e r%e"$r+, $ "%re"

+" &&*+e "$ %+ &%y+,* b$#y= 8e** re!#er+!/ +! %ey "r$7e "%e +&*+,"+$! $ "%e

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"$ "%+ *""er -be,"= 8e %** *"er re"-r!.

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"e&$r* #+"!,e= +" ,$-!"er&r" "%" + e6&ree# + "%e "r$&e $ memoria!# "%e !ee# $r

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#+"!,e &&er= $ ,$-re= +! "%e $r $ "%e re0-e!"*y r"+,-*"e# ,$!,er! "%" "%e memoria$

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$,+"e. T%e &*,ee!" $ e&%+ $! #+"!,e= b$"% &%y+,* !# "e&$r*= + r%e"$r+,*

4


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&$e"+,= e!b*e "%e &$e" "$ *+! %+ ,$!"r-," +/-re &%y+,**y !# e6+"e!"+**y e!#!/ere#5

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&$e"+, ,$!"r-," +"e* +! "%e &re+$- ,%&"er= "%" O+# + &*y+!/ 8+"% "%e /e!re "%r$-/%$-" "%e

e6+*+, ,$r&- "%+ !$"+$! + !$"%+!/ $r+/+!*N+7* H$*ber/= 9e""y R$e N/*e !# P-* A**e!

M+**er %e ** e6&*$re# O+#' &&r$&r+"+$! !# #e" !+&-*"+$! $ "%e e*e/+, y"e2+!

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+ $ "%e &$e"5

O+# %$8 "%" ee! +! +" %+/%*y &e,+*+e# -be,"+e@er$"+, A-/-"! $r=

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++*r+"y be"8ee! r-"r"e# er$"+, #e+re (+! "%eAmores!#@eroies) !# -!"++e#

*$!/+!/ $r %$e (+! "%e e6+*+, e*e/+e).2

F-r"%er= "%e J!*$/$- +"-"+$! (Jr-"r"e# er$"+, #e+re= 8%+,% &8! e*e/y) + +"e* $!e

"%" + !$ "r!/er "$ /r$ e6//er"+$! $! "%e &r" $ "%e &$e" ,r"+!/ "%e &er$! $ "%e clausus

$r exclusus amator$ $"e!= "%e *$er' &*+/%" + -!#er,$re# 8+"% e&+, "er+!$*$/y= &e,++,**y

r"+* $,b-*ry= +! "%e &re*e!" *$e@+@@b""*e+e*# "r$&e= 8%ere *$er %e "%e+r $8!

/ulnera !# "%e $be," $ "%e+r e,"+$! 8+e*# %er $8! imperium -,%= +" $**$8 "%" "%e

2 H$*ber/5 O/i, The Poet an his (orB(C$r!e**= 2332) N/*e5 The Poetics of Exile$

Program an Polemic in the Tr+"+ an E&+"-*e e6 P$!"$ of O/i (L"$-= 4?3) M+**er5

Su-ecting 'erses (Pr+!,e"$!= 233).

2 H$*ber/ (4BB)5 J...+! "%e #+*$,"e# e*e/+, 8$r*# $ e6+*e= "%e e&er$r + ," +! "%e r$*e $

"%e ura puella (%r#%er"e# be*$e#) !#= "%e e6+*e &+$-*y -b+" "$ "%e ,&r+,+$-!e

$ "%e J/$# +! R$e ("%e amator "$$ "re" %+puella + %e 8ere /$##eQ)= %e +!#

%+e* +! +"-"+$! 7+! "$ser/itium amoris (er$"+, er+"-#e)...

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#e,r+b+!/ %+ ee*+!/ $"e! re+!# - $ *$e+,7poeta;amator+3

2 N/*e= .

4B


25/77

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26/77

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,$r&-= !# "$ "%+ 8e 8+** re"-r!.

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re+#e +! "%e r+$- 8y +! 8%+,% "%e &$e" e6er,+e %+ r%e"$r+, $ "%re"= +! "%ree $ee!"

8%+,% ** ere "$ ,re"e e!e $ ,$!+!ee!"5 +r"= %y&erb$*+, "re"e!" $ "%e *!#,&e

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r$"= 8%+*e "%e e6+*e #e,*re "%" %e + Jpremor uni1ue #arte3@@!# +!#ee#= uni1ue +

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27/77

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e&*$ye!" $ e&+, $,b-*ry "$ %+$! +/!e""e +! 8%+,% "%+ e!e $ "%re" + +!*"e#= 8+"%

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A!$"%er +!"!,e $ &&r$&r+"+$! $ e&+, $,b-*ry "$ +!"+** %e+/%"e!e# e!e $

#!/er= b-" 8+"% #e,+#e#*y #+ere!" ee,"= $,,-r +!Ex Ponto I.2= 8%e! O+# *e!"= +! "%e

,e!"er $ "%e *+!e= *+!7e# #+re,"*y "$ /icta. T%+ + +/!++,!" $r 8%" +" -//e" b$-" O+#


28/77

"%ee e!e+e 8%$= "$ #$-b*e "%e ,-e $ #e"% 8+"% /e 8$-!#=

er "%e rr$8%e# 8+"% +&er e!$.

W+"% "%ee= "%e %$ree! ,+r,*e "%e "err++e# 8**

8$* ,+r,*+!/ ,$!"r+!e# %ee&5

" "%e e "+e "%e *+/%" b$8= "r-!/ 8+"% %$re%+r=re+! "-"= e!#*e*y e""ere#. T%e r$$"$& ,-re=

+6e# 8+"% ,$er $ rr$8= !# "%e +r /"e %r#*yre&e* "",7.

Pericula+++in meiis hosti-us, 1ui+++geminent sae/o /ulnere, perterrita moenia, /incula, sagittis,

arma:"%ere + !$ #er"% $ e&+, $,b-*ry e&*$ye# %ere +! 8%" $-!" "$ ! $##*y

,$!#e!e# !# $e8%" *""e!e# !&%$" $ ! +!"e!e b""*e be"8ee! "8$ brbr+! ,"+$!.

T%e e!e $ ,$!+!ee!" re,-r %ere= 8+"% "%e e6+*e be+!/ in meiis, !# "%e e1ues,

e"&%$r+,* lupi, J,+r,*+!/ "%e+r clausas "r/e". T%e "%re"= $ ,$-re= + !$" *++"e# -" "$ "%e

+#e b-" *$ "$ "%e tecta= 8%+,% J,-re -!#er "%e 8e+/%" $ "%e rr$8= ! b-r# +/e 8%+,%

-!#er,-" "%egra/itas $ "%e ,e!e !# re!#er +" $e8%" *-#+,r$-. T%e $,- $! "%e +!!+"e

$be," +! "%+ ,e!e (r"%er "%! "%e -ar-ari "%ee*e) *$ ere "$ *""e! "%e ,e!e !# "r+&

+" $ e&+,gra/itas, 8+"% "%e "r!erre# e&+"%e" $,,-rr+!/ +! perterrita moenia= !# "%e %y&er$,-

$! "%e b$8 be+!/ intentus ner/o+++ha-ens /incula inresoluta= !# "%eporta J,r,e*y (/ix, $!,e

/+!= !# *$ &&*+e# "$ "r-,"-re r"%er "%! %-! /e!"= !$"b*y) b*e "$ summo/ere "%e

arma-rr$-!#+!/ +". T%e re&e"+"+$- ,+r,*+!/ !# ,$!"!" brr/e= *$!/ 8+"% "%e inresoluta

/incula (J+$b*e b$!#) $ "%e b$8 re+!$r,e "%e ,$!"+!-$- !"-re $ "%+ ee!"= b-" "%e

$,- $! +!!+"e $be," (8**= r$$)= &r+!7*e# %e+*y 8+"% e&+, $,b-*ry !# "%e! &$+"e#

8+"%+! ! e*e/+, ere "r-,"-re= &r$#-,e $e"%+!/ r"%er "r!/e 8%e! "7e! "$/e"%er

8%$*e"%e &*y-* "r$7e -!#er*y+!/ "%+ ,$!"r-,"e# ,e!e %$8 "%r$-/% %ere= b-" "$ 8%"

e6"e!" #+# "%e &$e" +!"e!# "%e "$ be ++b*e A" 8%" &$+!" ,! $!e **$8 $!e


29/77

W%" O+# "e** - b$-" "%e -er+!/ %e e!#-re# be,-e $ "%e **@b-"@&er&e"-*

+,y 8+!"er= "%e &r$6++"y $ "%e brbr+! $ "%e $" &r++"+e $r"= !# "%e ,$!"!"

"%re" "$ 8%+,% %+ "$8! 8 e6&$e# by $-!"e# %$r#e *e""+!/ *y 8+"% &$+$!e#

rr$8 "!# +! */r!" ,$!"r#+,"+$! "$ "%e &er-+e ,$!,*-+$! re,%e# +! $#er!"-#+e $ "%e !,+e!" 9*,7 Se re/+$!...T%ee "-#+e +!#+,"e "%" &ree!"@#y D$br$/e

8 $r /r+!@&r$#-,+!/ re/+$!= 8%+,% by +"e* &r$e "%" +" ,!!$" %e bee!*$" &er!e!"*y ,$ere# by !$8 !# +,e. M$re$er= ,+"y "%" %# bee! $-!#e#

by Gree7 ,$*$!+er !# "%" b$"e# g.mnasion= 7+!# $ ,e!"er $r ,-*"-r* ,"++"+e=

T$+ ,$-*# %r#*y %e bee! brbr+, &*,e "%e e6+*e !eer 8er+e $ 7+!/ +"

$-" "$ be.2

O ,$-re= "%e J,++* #e"+* $ T$+ -" be +/!++,!"*y #++!+%e# $r *"$/e"%er $+""e# +!

"%e er+,e $ "%e &$e"' &ree!""+$! $ "%e re %$"+*e !# #+"+!,"*y J$"%er "$ $&%+"+,"e#

!# ,++*+e# R$! -#+e!,e. I "%+ J$"%ere# (re),$!"r-,"+$! $ T$+ %$-*# &r$e

+!e+,,+$-= "%e r%e"$r+, $ #+"!,e= !# "%e r%e"$r+, $ "%re" 8%+,% #e&e!# -&$! +"= 8$-*#

*+7e8+e be re!#ere# +!ee,"+e. A!# ye"= +" 8 -!*+7e*y "%" 7!$8*e#/eb*e R$! -#+e!,e

8$-*# be e!"+re*y "7e! +! by -,% ! e6//er"e# #e&+,"+$! $ re/+$! $" 7!e8 -** 8e** 8

,++*+e#= &r$#-,+!/ /r+! !# ,$!"+!+!/ $!e $ "%e &r+ry +!"+"-"+$! $ Gree7 ,++*+"+$!=

g.mnasion:+!#ee#= "%e &*,e %# bee! ,++*+e# +!,e be$re "%e R$! ee! rr+e# "%ere.

F-r"%er$re= O+# %# #ee&*y@r$$"e# "r#+"+$! $ *+!+!/ "%e Ge"+, !# Sr"+! !"+e +!

-,% e6"ree "er"%e $" !$"b*e e6&*e $ "%+ "r#+"+$! $,,-r +! Ver/+*= &eorg+ III5

9-" r !# 8+#e

T%e re/+$! #ee&*y r$e! + #e$r


30/77

I" + ,er"+! "%" O+#= poeta octus= 8$-*# 7!$8 %+ Ver/+* -,%= %+

(re),$!"r-,"+$! $ T$+ -" ere ! e!"+re*y *+"erry &-r&$e= + ,"-* ,re#+b+*+"y ,$-*# !$"

&$+b*y be "%e +. 9y -6"&$+!/ "%e J,$!"r-,"e# &$e" !# "%e %y&erb$*+, *!#,&e= O+# +

b$"% 7+!/ ! +!"er"e6"-* /e"-re " "%e "r#+"+$! $ /e!er+, ,$!e!"+$! "%" &re,e#e %+=

8e** &*y+!/ %+ $8! arsby -+!/ "%ee ,$!e!"+$! +! $re ,$&*e6 %+$!. O!e &e," $

"%+ #e,+#e#*y J*+"erry + + ree*e#= $r r"%er "%e &$e" %+e* **$8 +" "$ be ree*e#= 8%e!

O+# #+,-e %+ J+!&+r"+$! $r *+/%" $ !,y. A! +!"!,e $ "%e $rer $,,-r +! Ex Ponto

II.V= 8%e! %e ##ree "%e re#er5

"- "e! %+, "r-,"$ +!"er er &r$e*+ er-

e" *e/+ e" *e,"$ $re e!"e &r$b=+!/e!+$0-e e$= e! 0-$# &-&ere !"=

&*-#+= e" e r+$ *-+! /! ,+.4

Neer"%e*e y$- re# "%ee ere= ,$!"r-,"e# +#+er,e b""*e= !# &&r$e 8+"% $r+!/ 8$r#=

!# y$- &&*-# y +!/e!+-= 8%+,% re+! "+!y e+!=

!# by &&*-#+!/ y$- 7e +" /re" r+er.

Structus %ere + ,*er*y e!" "$ ,,$&!y /ersus= b-" +! "%e ,%ee $ "%e e6+*+, ,$r&-= +"

&&*+e -" 8e** "$ "%e *!#,&e= "%eproelia= !# +!#ee# "$ "%epoeta %+e*. T%e e!e $ "%e

#e,"+estructos= $#+y+!/ /ersus= re*e," b,7 $! "%e &$e" J"r-,"-r+!/ %+ $8! ,$!"r-,"=

!# %ere %e +!"+** +" 8+"% #% $ -6gra/itas by reerr+!/ "$fera proelia, +! "%e e

%+$! "%e &/e e6+!e# b$e= "%e &%y+,* e""+!/ +! 8%+,% "%e ," $ &$e"+, ,re"+$!

$,,-r. T%+ y be ,$&re# "$ "%e /ena paupere $ %+ $8! ingenium: "r!/e $r" $

+!er+$!= "%e ingenium + re**y be%+!# "%e 8%$*e e*b$r"e ,$!"r-,"+$! $ "%epoeta !# "%e

*!#,&e +!%b+"e# by "%epoeta ,$!"r-,". T%e !ee# $r &-b*+, e$r+*+"+$! 7e !

3 Ke!!e#y "r!.= ,. H$7!$!= .

4Ex Ponto II.V (4@2).

2


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&&er!,e 8+"% "%e &ree!,e $ &&*-e $e"%+!/ +"*= 8%+,% "-r! "%e J"+!y "re2 +!"$

magna flumina= $e8%" &*y+!/ -& "%e ee," $ &-b*+, re,e&"+$! -&$! "%e &$e"' 8$r7= !$

e! $"+ +"e*= "%e !ee# $r e$r+*+"+$! + $r ,$&$!e!" $ "%e r%e"$r+, $

#+"!,e 8e**= +!$r +" &er"+! "$ e$ry= b-" "$ "%+ 8e 8+** *"er "-r!. A*$ &ree!" +! "%e

&/e + recusatio= 8+"% "%e &$e"@,$!"r-," -&&$e#*y re"r+,"+!/ %+e* "$ re-us par/is !#

be+!/ $&&ree# by "%egra/itas $ $re e&+,**y -+"e# "er+*.

A +"* ,$&$!e!" +!#ee# $ "%epoeta structus + "%" %e + $ r= r 8y= !# O+#

"er-**y -!#er,$re "%+ by &ree!"+!/ %+ e&+"$*ry ++e e6"e!+$! $ %+e*=

7+!/ "%e $-r!ey +! %+ "e#= -,% +! "%e $&e!+!/ *+!e $ "%e +r" b$$7 $Epistolae ex

Ponto$

N$ T$+"+!e + !$! !$+ +!,$* "erre

%$, "+b+ #e Ge"+,$ *+"$re +""+" $&-.+ ,"= %$&+"+$ &ere/r+!$= 9r-"e= *+be**$

e6,+&e= #-0-e *+0-$= 0-$*+be" b#e *$,$.

&-b*+, !$! -#e!" +!"r $!+e! e!+re=

!e -- %$, +**+ ,*-er+" -,"$r +"er.

N$ #+&",%e "%+ 8$r7 "$ y$- r$ "%e Ge"+,

%$re= *re#y !$ +!"er*$&er +! "%e *!# $ T$+.

I y$- %e "+e= 9r-"-= re,e+e "%ee 8!#er+!/ b$$78+"% %$&+"*+"y= !# %+#e "%e $e8%ere= +! 8%"eer

&*,e + &*e+!/. T%ey #$ !$" #re /$ $!/ &-b*+,

*+brr+e= *e" "%e+r -"%$r % ,*$e# "%e 8y $r "%e.

I" + ,*er %ere "%" "%e opus + "!# +! $r "%e &$e" %+e*= !# "%e *!/-/e +/!e# "$ +" +

"%" $ re-/ee %e -r/e %+ r+e!# 9r-"- "$ Jre,e+e "%e 8+"% %$&+"*+"y(excipe+++hospitio)

2 A*$ !$"b*e= &er%&= $e8%" C**+,%e! &&r$&r+"+$!= ye" !$"%er !$# "$ "%e

e*e/+, /e!re= $r ! +!+!,ere ,$&*+!" "%" "%e &$e"@,$!"r-," + *++"e# by "%e e*e/+, /e!re

+! ##+"+$! "$ %+ *,7 $ +!&+r"+$!= &er%&= +! %+ e!#e$r "$ ,r" magna flumina. ($r &r+e &$e"ry"%e +&*+,"+$! "%"= *,7+!/ &&*-e r$ %+ R$! -#+e!,e= %e + !$

*$!/er -+"e# "$ "-r! r$-!# !# &r+e R$e. T%+ + ye" !$"%er -"+*+"+$! $ r%e"$r+, $

"%re"= e6,e&" %ere= +!"e# $ "%e &$e" %+e* be+!/ &%y+,**y !# e6+"e!"+**y " r+7= R$e

8+** be "%e &r"y "$ -er= !$" be+!/ *+%e# 8+"% %+ &$e"ry 8%+*e "%e -"%$r + $ #+"!".

Ex Ponto I.4 (4@).

2


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8e** "$ J%+#e "%e +! J8%"eer &*,e + &*e+!/ (a-e+++1uoli-et loco)= "%ey J#$ !$"

#re "$ e!"er &-b*+, &,e r$ 8%+,% "%ey re clausus #-e "$ "%e+r auctor ("%e &$e" %+e*= $

,$-re). T%e +r" *+!e= "7e! by +"e*= ree* ! r"-* ,$!"r-,"+$! +! "%e -6"&$+"+$! $ "%e

&$e"' !e 8+"% %+ &*,e $ e6+*e"%ey re "r-,"-r**y *+!7e#= !# "%- "%epoeta@,$!"r-," +

/+! ,$!+!e#= b-" "%+ "+e $*e*y by *!/-/e!# "%e opus + #eerre# "$ "%e e!# $ "%e

e!"e!,e= 8+"% "%e ##reee &re,e#+!/ +" (ti-i)= "%- +&*+,+"*y &r+$r+"+e# by "%e y!"6. A e!e

$ re+/!"+$! ,$e ,r$ +! "%e "",%e!" $ "%e "er incola (! +!%b+"!"= e""*er= &er%&) "$

%+e*= +!#+,"+!/ !$" $!*y "%e &%y+,* #+"!,e be"8ee! %+ !# %+patriab-" *$ "%e

"e&$r* #+"!,e "%+ += %e "7e ,$!"!" ,re "$ re+!# %+ re#er%+&= non no/is:"%e

&*&b*e e!e $ !$"*/+= "%e &$e" e!++$! %+ 8$r7 +!%b+"+!/ 9r-"-' &,e !# be+!/

e!"er"+!e# /-e" 8%+*e 7ee&+!/ *$8 &r$+*e= -r"%er -/e!" "%e ery #e*+ber"epathos+

T%e &$e"'somnia structa= +" 8ere= re ee! $re ree*+!/ +! re&e," "$ %+ "7 $

&*y+!/ %+ ars er- #e&+,"+$! $ e6+*+, re*+"y. A##re+!/ #+ere!" r+e!# +! I.2= %e *e!"

b$-" "%e ,$!"e!" $ %+ #re5

$!+ e "erre!" er$ ++"!"+ ,-=

e" +/+*!" e!- +! e #! e+.-" e/$ Sr"+, +#e$r +"re /+""=

-" #re ,&"+ # er +!,* !-.

-" -b+ #e,+&+$r e*+$r+ +/+!e $!+=

&+,+$ &"r+e "e," re*+," ee.

e" $#$ $b+,-= 0-$ - e!er"-= +,+=

e" $#$ ,- ,r ,$!+-/e -*" *$0-$r.+, -b+ &er,e&" e" bre+ e" !$! er $*-&"=

&e+$r b #$!+"- +" ""- +"e b$!+.

Dre ++""+!/ re* &er+* "err+y e=!# y e!e re 87e!e# by y #!"+$!.

E+"%er I ee "$ be #$#/+!/ Sr"+! rr$8=$r /++!/ y %!# ,&"+e "$ er* ,%+!.

Or= 8%e! I #e,e+e# by "%e +/ery $ be""er #re=

I *$$7 -&$! "%e r$$ $ y re*+!0-+%e# %$e*!#.

A!# $e"+e I &e7 8+"% y$-= 8%$ I %e e!er"e#= r+e!#=

Ex Ponto I.2 (@2).

2


33/77

!# $e"+e I &e7 8+"% y be*$e# 8+e= $r 8%+*e.

S$= 8%e! I


34/77

CHAPTER IV

THE RHETORIC OF 9ODILY FRAGMENTATION IN THE OVIDIANPOETA STRUCTUS

@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

Are 8e "r-*y *$!e

W+"% $-r &%y+, !# y"%=

T%e "r !$ $re

T%! /*+""er+!/ #-"=

W+"% !$ $!e "%ere

T$ %er $-r ,%$r* $#e

I $= 8e ,! "r"

T$ +/!$re "%e +*e!,e

O "%e +!+!+"e &,e

A!# ,$!,e!"r"e +!"e#

O! "%e +!+!+"y

U!#er $-r ery !$e@@

@@Dere7 M%$!= O/i in Tomis

@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @

S$e8%ere be"8ee! "%e e*b$r"e= %e+*y r%e"$r+,+e# e*@%+$!+!/ e6&*$re# +! "%e

+r" ,%&"er= !# "%e e0-**y %e+*y r%e"$r+,+e# *+!+!/ $ *!#,&e= "%+r# &$e"+, ,"+$! "7e

&*,e$!e 8%+,%= +" 8+** be #e$!"r"e#= "rere b$"% re* $ O+#+! &$e"+, ,$!"r-,"+$!

+! "%e e6+*+, ,$r&-. Here +! $!e' +!e"+/"+$! $ &$e"+, ,$!"r-,"+$!= !# +" ,$&*e6+"+e= +"

-" be ,7!$8*e#/e# "%"= "%- r= "%e e&%+ % re"e# $! "%e constructe!"-re $ "%e

exsul' e!+r$!e!"= !# $ %+e*= +!#ee#= $-rpoeta structus= "%e O+#+! ,$!"r-,". N$8=

%$8eer= +" + +""+!/ "$ e6+!e +!"!,e 8%ere "%e &$e" econstructs %+ ,$!"r-,"+r$!+,**y=

$ ,$-re= "%r$-/% ++*r ," $ &$e"+, ,$!"r-,"+$!. W+"% #e,$!"r-,"+$!= %$8eer= !$"%er

'r%e"$r+,' eer/e= "%" $ b$#+*y r/e!""+$!5 -,% +/ery ,%r,"er+e $-rpoeta 8%e! %e

&&er +! "%e $r $ ! $be,"= $r "%r$-/% "r!/e ,*-"er $ e"&%$r= +! $r#er "$ e&%+e

+$*"e# &e," $ %+ e6+*+, e6&er+e!,e.

2B


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A !$"b*e +!"!,e $ b$#+*y r/e!""+$! $,,-r er*y $! +! "%e e6+*+, ,$r&- " Tr+ I.=

%e #e,*re "$ %+ #+"!" 8+e=

"e e -&&$+" -e*-"+ "rbe -*" r-+! e"5

+0-+# #%-, e/$ -= -!er+ $!e "-+ e"."- ,+= -" &$*+- !$! += !e, !-#er b +**+=

!-r/++ "b-* 0-+ &e"+ere e+.

O! y$- y r-+! re"= y$- be!e"% e *+7e be5

I I !y"%+!/ " "%+ &$+!"= +" + 8%$**y by y$-r /+".

Y$- %e #e +" $ I' !$" &*-!#ere#= !$r "r+&&e# bre=9y "%$e ee7+!/ "%e &*!7 r$ y %+&8re,7.

Ab+/-$- "er +/!* "%e e"&%$r+,* !"-re $ $-rpoeta' r/e!""+$!5 ruina ,$-*# be

,$!"r-e# *+"er* 'r-+!'= $r ',$**&e' $r '**' re/r#*e= "%e &%y+,*+"y $ "%e e"&%$r +

-!#er,$re# by "%e $"+ $ 8e+/%" re+!$r,e# by "%e &ere," &r"+,+&*esupposita, !# "%e

,$&r+$! $ "%e ##reee= %+ "%+r# 8+e= "$ tra-s =!$"%er 8$r# ber+!/ -*"+&*e e!+!/=

r$ '"+ber' $r 'be' "$= by e"$!yy= '%+&' $r '%$-e'). A -r"%er re+!$r,ee!" $ %+

#+*$,"e# ""e ,! be /*+&e# +! "%e y!"6 +"e*te, suppositam, !# tra-e re br$7e! -& !#

e&r"e#= -" mea !# ruina, ! +!"!,e $ h.per-aton8%+,% *$ $,,-r +! "%e &r**e*

e"&%$r $ naufragium ( ,$&*e6 "r$&e $ +" $8!= 8%+,% 7e +" +r" &&er!,e +! Tr+ I.II=

!# 8%+,% 8+** be e6&$-!#e# +! -r"%er #e"+* +! "%e $-r"% ,%&"er)= 8%ere "%e ,$rre&$!#+!/

&er$!* $#++er mei+ re*e/"e# "$ "%e e!# $ "%e *+!e. I! &+"e $ "%e r"-**y -b*e# y!"6 $

"%epoeta' ruina, "%e +r" "8$ *+!e $ "%e &/e $r ! +!"r+/-+!/ &+r= %+!/+!/ $! "%e &r**e*

ruina est+++omne est ""ee!". F$**$8+!/ ! e6&$+"+$! $ %+ r/e!"e# !# 'r-+!e#' ""e= b$"%

+! "%e e!e $ e*@re&ree!""+$! *+"er* r-+! %e*# -& by $*+# "r-,"-re= !# **e! &$e"

-"+!e# by "%e -&&$r" $ %+ #+"!" 8+e= 8%$= be+!/ tra-s= +!"+! %er "re!/"%= "%e &$e"

"e!#er*y ""r+b-"e 8%" re+! $ himself(si1ui+++ego sum) "$ %er '/+"' (muneris). W+"%$-" "%e

&re,e#+!/ e"&%$r $ "%e ruina-"+!e# by "%e tra-sbe!e"% +""%e ruina8%+,%= +! "%e

Tristia I.VI.@?.

2?


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&r**e* ,$!"r-,"+$!= + e6&*+,+"*y *+!7e# "$ 1ui+++ego sum:"%e ""ee!" $ /r"+"-#e *,7 "%e

r%e"$r+,* $r,e ,$!erre# by "%e +/ery $ r/e!""+$!. M$" +!"r+/-+!/= %$8eer= + "%e 8y

+! 8%+,% "%epoeta -b"*y +!#+,"e "%" "%e -&&$r" $ %+ 8+e % &ree!"e# %+ r$ full.

#++!"e/r"+!/*+7e "%e $*+# be -!#er*y+!/ "%e ruina= "%e naufragium +"e* +!'" -**y

,$&*e"e5 8%+*e %$"+*e /e!" Jee7 "%e &*!7 r$ "%e &$e"' J%+&8re,7= -,% &-r-+" +

-!-,,e-* "%- r"%e J%+& $ "%e &$e" % !$" bee! spolium !$r + %e "r+&&e# bre (nuer4

:!e+"%er &*-!#ere# !$r -*!erb*e "$ -,% ! e$r"= !# "%+ + ""r+b-"e# "$ %+ 8+e' /e!,y

(facis)= ! ,"+e r$*e "$ b*!,e $-" "%e 0-+e"= '&+e' r$*e $ "%e tra-s+ T%e naufragium +"e*= +=

8e 8+** e6&*$re *"er= !$" $!*y "r$&e re,y,*e# r$ O+#' &re#e,e$r $r r/e!"+!/

b$#y= b-" re%+$!e# +!"$ ,$&*e6 e"&%$r re*"+!/ "$ &$e"+, ,"++"y!# ta-ulas%ere

*+7e8+e #$&" #$-b*e e!+!/ $ '&*!7' 8e** '8r+"+!/@"b*e"'. T%e reere!,e "$ $"%er

Jee7+!/ (petiere) "%e ta-ulas r$ "%e &$e"


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REFERENCES CITED

9e"%e= D+# M.Foseph !rosB. an the Creation of Exile. Pr+!,e"$!= N15 Pr+!,e"$! U!+er+"y

Pre= 4.

9r$#7y= 1$e&%.Less Than One$ Selecte Essa.s. Ne8 Y$r75 Frrr= S"r-= !# G+r$-6= 4?.

C*e!= 1$@Mr+e.


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H$*ber/= N+7*. O/i$ The Poet an his (orB. G. M. G$%/r+!= "r!. I"%,= NY5 C$r!e**

U!+er+"y Pre= 2332.

H$-"$!= D+#. A!$"%er L$$7 " "%e P$e"+, $ E6+*e5 P-%7+!' Re,e&"+$! $ O+#= 4?24 @ 2.PushBin Re/ie0= V$*. 43 (233B)5 42 3.

1$%!$!= P"r+,+ 1. O/i !efore Exile$ Art an Punishment in the #etamorphoses. M#+$!= WI5

U!+er+"y $ W+,$!+! Pre= 233?.

1$%!$!= W+**+ A. JT%e S&r/$ $ My"% + "%e N7e# L-!,% $ M$#e5 M$#er! L+"er"-re

"%e A/e $ Frye !# 9$r/e.!ounar.2= V$*. ?= N$. 2. (W+!"er= 4?3)= &&. 2B@44.

Ker= 1e.The )59*?. W*"er

Ar!#"= "r!. I#y**8+*#= CA5 M+*!er= 2333.

P-%7+!= A*e7!#r Ser/eye+,%. Selecte 'erse. 1$%! Fe!!e*= e#. !# "r!. 9*"+$re5 Pe!/-+!=4.

P-%7+!= A*e7!#r Ser/ey++,%.Letters of Alexaner PushBin. C%r*e S%8= "r!= !# e#.

M+*8-7ee= WI5 U!+er+"y $ W+,$!+! Pre= 4B.

R#-*e,-= D$!+,.Realms of Exile$ "omaism,


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S"e+!er= Ge$r/e.Language an Silence$ Essa.s on Language, Literature, an the Inhuman. Ne8

Y$r75 A"%e!e-= 4B.

S"e+!er= Ge$r/e.After !a-el$ Aspects of Language an Translation. O6$r#5 O6$r# U!+er+"y

Pre= 4B.

the rhetoricity of ovid's construction of exile

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