The Rise of African The Rise of African CivilizationsCivilizations

Chapter 3Chapter 3

Section 1Section 1

Pages 206- 214Pages 206- 214

A. A Vast and Diverse ContinentA. A Vast and Diverse Continent

1.1. Africa= 2nd largest ContinentAfrica= 2nd largest Continent

2.2. Equator crosses middle of AfricaEquator crosses middle of Africa

3.3. Rain forests along equator (10% of land)Rain forests along equator (10% of land)

4.4. Most of Africa covered by Most of Africa covered by savanna savanna (wide open tropical (wide open tropical grasslands)grasslands)

• High temps. & uneven rain= High temps. & uneven rain= good good farm landfarm land

Standard 7.4.1

Desert

DesertDesert

Rain ForestRain Forest

SavannaSavanna

SavannaSavanna

B. What is the African Plateau?B. What is the African Plateau?1. Almost all of Africa is on plateau (area of high flat

land)

2. Long rivers:

Nile and Niger• Rich soil along rivers • good crops • powerful civilizations

3. Merchants use rivers to trade/ share ideas

Standard 7.4.1

II. African Trading EmpiresII. African Trading Empires

1. Many Africans share a common background: Bantu

2. Bantu settled African’s thousands of years ago

Standard 7.4.1, .2, .5

Bantu HunterBantu Gatherers

Bantu Men

A. Who Were the Bantu?A. Who Were the Bantu?1. Bantu spread out using the Benue River

1. Bantu spread culture: mining, pottery, iron working, language

1. Africans speak 100s of Bantu languages

Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5

B. Trade Caravans BeginB. Trade Caravans Begin

1. Sahara stopped Bantu from moving north for 1000’s of years

2. horses/donkeys were used for trade • died in the heat

3. Romans introduced camels from Asia when they conquered North Africa

4. Camels revolutionized Saharan trade

Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5

C. The Rise of GhanaC. The Rise of Ghana1. Many African kingdoms:• larger/richer than kingdoms in Europe2. Salt/cloth in North Africa Gold/Ivory in West Africa3. Ghana rose due to trade• Ghana located at several trade routes/ Niger River,

controlled gold mines= POWER• Didn't’ have gold mine in territory but they controlled the

people and area that did • Ghana taxed trade route = rich 4. Salt very important: 1lb.

Salt = 1lb. Gold

Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5

D. The Fall of Ghana?D. The Fall of Ghana?1. Gold discovered outside Ghana

2. Poor soil

3. Constant war = Ghana weak

Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5

Rise of Mali 1. North African Muslims captured Ghana’s capital

•Sundiata Keita of Mali captured rest of Ghana Mali

•Mali controlled gold/salt trade: rich & powerful

2. Sundiata Keita, great warrior-king

•“Lion King”

•Rebuilt the salt and gold trade

•3. Decline after death of Mansa Musa

E. Rise of SonghaiE. Rise of Songhai1. Sunni Ali of Songhai drove Berbers out•Sunni Ali used war canoes to conquer river trade•Captured salt/gold mines2. Sunni Ali died, but Songhai largest West African empire3. Decline Muslim troops from Morocco crossed Sahara with guns/cannons: defeated Songhai

Mansa Musa

Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5

F. Kingdoms of the Rain ForestF. Kingdoms of the Rain Forest1. Kingdoms arose in rain forests along equator• Benin and Kongo 1. Rain forests: warm wet climate• rich farming soil • surplus crops1. Surpluses used to trade or support

king/artisans2. Europeans traded with Benin/Kongo for

slaves

Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5

G. East AfricaG. East Africa

1. Ethiopia began

2. Queen Makeda ruled empire of Sheba

3. Glory of Kings: Ethiopia’s oldest recorded history

4. Makeda met with King Solomon: introduced Judaism to Ethiopia from Israel

5. Ethiopia power did not decline

• Power centered in city-state, Axum

Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5

H. What Was Axum?H. What Was Axum?

1. Ethiopia stayed strong • Power centered in Axum2. Axum located next to Red Sea• great trade routes3. King Ezana helped bring new religion to

Africa when he converted • Christianity• Islam

King Ezana’s stele in Axum

Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5

I. Coastal City-StatesI. Coastal City-States

1. Arabs traded with East Africa

2. Arabs invented triangular sail to power dhows

3. Muslim traders settle in E. Africa

4. Muslim establish trading ports along the coast

• Ports became major links in the

Indian Ocean trading network

Standard 7.1.4, .2, .5

Arab Merchants

J. What Was the Great Zimbabwe?J. What Was the Great Zimbabwe?

1. Shona people founded Zimbabwe in SE Africa

2. Kings, Mutota and Matope, made Zimbabwe into A powerful trade empire

• ivory, copper, gold

• Shipped to Arabia, Persia, India, and China

3. Today over 300 large stone ruins still stand

Ruins @ The Ruins @ The Great ZimbabweGreat Zimbabwe