The Rise of Cities

Lecture # 5~ EQ~ What caused the changes in sanitation?

How The Other Half Lives

All photographs by Jacob Riis1890~

Exposed the shameful conditions of life in a tenement (U.S)~ Working class

Inside the tenements

“Five cents a spot”

Riis photographs depicted the immigrants of the I.R

Sweat Shop- 12 years old

Sleeping-quartersSome “didn’t live anywhere”

• Riis's work helped spark the Progressive Era; reform movements to improve these horrible conditions.

Medicine Contributes to the Population Explosion

• Between 1800 & 1900 the population more than doubled

• improved nutrition, sanitation, and medical advances

• Louis Pasteur– Discovered the process called pasteurizations

that killed disease-carrying bacteria in milk

Continued• Robert Koch

– Identified bacterium that caused tuberculosis

– TB killed about 30 million in the 1800s

• Joseph Lister– Discovered how antiseptics

prevented infection– Sterilization of instruments

• Florence Nightingale• better hygiene in hospitals

• Founded the world’s first nursing school

City Life Changes

• Paved streets, electric street light, and Sewage systems – organized police forces

• Slums remained constant

Standard of Living

• Standard of Living– Measures the quality

and availability of necessities and comforts in society

• Gap between working & middle class widened