the rise of civilization709
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CHAPTER 2The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
World Civilization: The Global Experience, Fifth Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Civilization in MesopotamiaII. Ancient EgyptIII. Egypt and Mesopotamia ComparedIV. Civilization Centers in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Civilization in Mesopotamia
Civilization by 3000 B.C.E. Writing
Expanded citiesComplex social structureReligion
A. The Sumerians Tigris and Euphrates plainIrrigation > food surplusSumerians in c. 4000 B.C.E.
Political and Social OrganizationCity-States
Establish boundariesState religionCourts
KingsDefense, war
PriestsWith kings, administer state land
and slaves
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Civilization in Mesopotamia
A. The Sumerians
Culture and Religion Writing
Cuneiform: stylus on clay tablets
PhoneticScribes
GilgameshAstronomyNumeric systemReligion
Patron gods
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Civilization in Mesopotamia
A. The SumeriansGains and Losses
Greater inequalities: gender, class, wealth
B. Later Mesopotamian CulturesThe Akkadian Empire
Sargon Ic. 2400 B.C.E. To Egypt and Ethiopia
The Babylonian Empirec. 1800 B.C.E., unites Hammurabi
Law CodeScientific knowledge expanded
Hittitesc. 1600 B.C.E., conquer Babylonians
Fragmentation1200 to 900 B.C.E.
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Ancient Egypt
A. Basic Patterns of Egyptian Society
Farming by 5000 B.C.E. Civilization emerges by 3200 B.C.E.
Difference: no city‑states
GovernmentPharaoh, intermediary between gods
and menBureaucracyRegional governors
B. Egyptian Ideas and ArtHieroglyphic alphabet
Pictograms, phoneticPapyrusMonopolized by priesthood
MedicineReligion
Isis, Osiris, HorusCycle of life, annual rise and
fall of Nile
Egypt, Kush and Axum
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Ancient Egypt
C. Continuity and Change Old KingdomInvasions from Palestine, c.
2200 B.C.E.End of Old Kingdom
Middle KingdomRestorationControl of Sudan
New Kingdomc. 1570 B.C.E.Greater international
contact
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared
A. DifferencesPolitical form
Mesopotamian city-statesEgyptian centralized government
Epic tradition
Gilgamesh in Mesopotamia
None in Egypt
Building
Monumental, use of stone in Egypt
Use of brick, not so immense in Mesopotamia
Trade, outside contact
Greater in Mesopotamia than in Egypt
Greater technological advances in Mesopotamia
Women had higher status in Egypt
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Egypt and Mesopotamia Compared
B. SimilaritiesStratified societyNoble, land-owning classPriesthoods Astronomy and mathematics importantBoth conservative except when under
outside threat
C. WomenPatriarchal society
Males dominate political lifeFemale roles less important
Women have some religious roles
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Civilization Centers in Africa and the Eastern MediterraneanVarious centers from c. 20000 to 1000 B.C.E.
A. Kush
Southern Nile, Egyptian borderIndependent existence by 1000 B.C.E.Conquered Egypt by 730 B.C.E.
After Assyrian conquest of EgyptKush moves southMeroë, 6th century
Height from 250 B.C.E. to 50 C.E.center of iron working
Defeated by Axum, c. 300 C.E.
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Civilization Centers in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean
B. The Mediterranean Region
HebrewsSemitic From c.1600 B.C.E. Yahweh
Torah
Minoans
Crete, from c. 1600 B.C.E.
Trade with Egypt, MesopotamiaEgyptian influence:
architecture, math, writingMesopotamia:
political traditionsConquer Greek mainland
Mycenae
The Eastern Mediterranean, c. 1100 B.C.E.
Chapter 2: The Rise of Civilization in the Middle East and Africa
Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Civilization Centers in Africa and the Eastern Mediterranean
B. The Mediterranean RegionPhoenicians
c. 2000 B.C.E., Lebanese coastNot unified, several city-statesAlphabet, spread to other civilizationsColonization
To Atlantic, Iberia, BritainCarthage
Independent power Conquered by Assyrians
C. The Issue of HeritageLegacy?Disruption after 1200 B.C.E..Indo-Europeans
Use of ironRulers
Not god-kingsChosen by warriors
The Eastern Mediterranean, c. 1100 B.C.E.