the rise of heterogenous networks - alcatel-lucent · pdf file... bell labs analysis and...

COPYRIGHT © 2011 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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THE RISE OF HETEROGENOUS NETWORKSSTEVE KEMP, SR. DIRECTOR MARKETING & STRATEGY

MARCH 29, 2012


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NEW WIRELESS NETWORKSAN AMALGAM OF SEVERAL IMPORTANT ELEMENTS

DEVICES BANDWIDTH CONTENT & PRESENTATION


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MOBILE DATA DEMAND IS EXPLODINGVIDEO-ENABLED DEVICES ARE THE FUTURE CONSUMERS

Source: Bell Labs analysis and Alcatel-Lucent analysis of live networks using 9900 Wireless Network Guardian

PETABYTES PER MONTH

30X GROWTH OVER 5 YEARS!

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Dongle/tabletsSmartphonesFeature phones

6.5 million gigabytes!


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VIDEO-ENABLED DEVICES ARE THE BIG CONSUMERS

Source: BusinessWeek February 2010 plus internal Alcatel-Lucent Research estimates

One megabyte equals:

• one digital book, or …

• 45 seconds of music, or …

• 20 seconds of medium quality video

Voice Calls: 4-11 MB

Web Browsing: 20 MB

Email: 20 MB

Voice Calls: 4-11 MB

Web Browsing: 30 MB

Email: 50 MB

Voice Calls: 4-11MB

Web Browsing: 100 MB

Net Radio: 70 MB

YouTube: 50 MB

Email: 50 MB

Web Browsing: 350MB

Net Radio: 140 MB

YouTube: 150 MB

Email: 100 MB

80 MB

185 MB

800 MB

1900 MB (1.9 GB) per Month

high-end netbooks or laptops model about 30% higher

Monthly Totals


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LTE NETWORKSA GLOBAL SNAPSHOT

222 OPERATORS IN 87 COUNTRIES INVESTING IN LTE*

• 37 commercial network launches in 21 countries

• 185 network commitments in 66 countries

• More than 103 commercial networks by the end of 2012

• 3.8 million LTE subscriptions

3.8 Million LTE Subscriptions as of September 2011

Asia Pacific

392 thousand

10.34%

Eastern Europe

7 thousand

0.18%

Western Europe

103 thousand

2.71%

USA/Canada

3.3 million

North America has87% of all LTE

connections worldwide

Sources: *GSA Evolution to LTE report, October 2011, 4G Americas/Informa, and other company data


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BEYOND THE DEPLOYMENT OF LTE MACRO BTSEMERGING NETWORK CONCERNS

• Macro cells are spaced for good “overall” performance; weaker at the cell edge

• Numerous factors make it difficult to place new macro cells; zoning restrictions, real estate, expense, etc.

• Certain bands are inherently better performers than others

Heterogeneous Networks Address All of These Needs


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WIRELESS DEPLOYMENTSKEY UNDERLYING NORMS

• 2%-3% users generate 40%-50% of mobile data traffic

• 60% - 70% mobile data generated by nomadic users, indoors

• 1 sector often carries the bulk of the traffic

Traffic:

EXAMPLE HEAT MAP BASED ON LARGE US CITY

Small Cells and DAS are Specific Solutions for Specific Problems


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SETTING REAL WORLD EXPECTATIONSBASED ON LTE FDD 10 MHZ @ 2.6 GHZ

Source: Bell Labs RF analysis using Mobile Data Analysis Modeling (MADM)

Existing Macro Cells

DISTRIBUTION OF CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE

28% >10Mb/s

59% >5Mb/s

84% >3Mb/s

85% >1Mb/s


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HETEROGENOUS NETWORKS (HETNETS)SMALL CELLS

RESIDENTIAL COVERAGE

INDOORHOT-SPOTS

OUTDOORHOT-SPOTS

IN-BUILDINGPENETRATION

RURALACCESS


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IN A SIMILAR VEIN TO HETNETS:DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS

Wideband Antenna

Radio Interface

Wideband Antenna

Wideband Antenna

A-to-A Converter(s)

BTS or Remote Amp(s)

Patch Panel -48VDC

Coax

Fiber

Coax

Source diagram for explanation copyright SOLiD Technologies


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DISTRIBUTED ANTENNA SYSTEMS AND SMALL CELLSMAJOR DIFFERENCES

BTSDAS

SYSTEMCORE

CORE

1 Sector

Largely limited to the throughput of 1 sector

and the air link

Largely limited to the throughput of the air interface and backhaul

However big you make it

(GbE, CPRI, etc.)

SMALLCELL

2x2 MIMO

• Typically engineered for coverage with average wireless data speeds

• Satisfies requirements for multi-operator transmission (“neutral host”)

• Is a mini BTS in itself

• Capable of significant data throughput and capacityper user

• Not geared toward neutral host operation


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Assumptions from TR36.814 adapted to

700 MHz

# of pico cells per macro

Based on uniform user distribution

Based on hotspot user distribution

1 17% 193%

2 40% 300%

4 85% 467%

10 212% 960%

Percent Gain in Median User Throughput (compared to macro only)

2x1 watt metro cell Tx power, cell edge placement

HETNET PERFORMANCEMETROCELLS

• For hotspot traffic, large throughput gains are achieved with well planned small cell deployment, where more users access more bandwidth

• For uniform traffic, less traffic is offloaded from the macro cell and fewer users access more bandwidth, resulting in more modest gains

• With hotspot traffic, good

small cell planning provides

cell splitting-like gains (use

per call monitoring to identify

hotspot locations)

ENGINEERED HOTSPOT DISTRIBUTION

Macro eNB

Metro Cell Metro Cell

Macro eNB

Metro Cell Metro CellUNIFORM USER DISTRIBUTION


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HETNET ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONSSEAMLESS MOBILITY BETWEEN SMALL AND LARGE

Small Cell to Small Cell

• Handovers supported for all calls (CS, PS and CS+PS)• Small cell to small cell within the same group• Small cell to small cell within different groups (future)

Small Cell to Macro Handovers

• Handovers supported for calls (CS, PS and CS+PS)• Small cell to 3G macro• Small cell to 2G macro• UE assisted small cell to macro (increases success rate)• Intra-frequency small cell to 3G macro Mobile Assisted MAHO (shared carrier deployment)

Macro to Small Cell Handovers

• Handovers supported for all calls (CS, PS and CS+PS)• 3G macro to small cell


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3G (NON-LTE) HETEROGENOUS NETWORKSINTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT USING BIAS AND/OR BAND

Exclusion zone

Low efficiency zone

Moderate efficiency zone

High efficiency zone

Small cell footprint varies based on its distance from the macro


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LTE HETEROGENOUS NETWORKSINTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT: RELEASE 10 eICIC & ABS

Macrocell Layer

Metrocell Layer t

tSchedule Cell Border

Schedule Cell Inner

Almost Blank Subframes

• Increased coverage

• Higher spectral efficiency

• Significant improvement in capacity and cell edge performance


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LTE HETEROGENOUS NETWORKSFREQUENCY SELECTIVE SCHEDULING & FRACTIONAL POWER

• Leverage existing Release 8 capabilities with availability of RI, PMI, CQI data in periodic (PUCCH) and/or aperiodic (PUSCH) fashion

• Simultaneously employ Frequency Selective (specific) and Frequency Diverse (weighted) scheduling depending on user velocity

• Employ upstream fractional power control based on variable SINR

• Implement hybrid ARQ based on variable scheduling

Virtually the same network gains without waiting for Release 10!

180KHz Resource Blocks

spread over 1.4-20MHz

1ms tim

e intervals

Small CellTraffic


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COPYRIGHT © 2012 ALCATEL-LUCENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. 17

HetNets seem like a lot of work.So, why bother?


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COMPARISON OF NETWORK FIRST COSTSHETNETS RESULT IN ABOUT 30% DCF SAVINGS*

Note: Based on new build of 10 million subscriber LTE network

CAPEX EXPENSE

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Millions USD

Without HetNets

With HetNets

NON-CAPEX EXPENSE

-

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Millions USD

Without HetNets

With HetNets


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TYPICAL APPLICATION FOR SMALL CELLS OR DASLARGE PUBLIC VENUES

• Reflective exterior finishes (steel and glass) attenuate inward

• Reflective interior materials (suite glass, LCD screens)

• Concrete and steel construction


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METROCELLS IN LARGE VENUESA CASE STUDY

• 3D RF study of 80,000 seat stadium

• Minimum service level of 128Kb/s unicast per user

• Different deployment models based on small cell density as well as type of antenna and carrier reuse

- Alternate deployment densities: 62, 104, 124 transmitters

- Use of single patch and 4x1 patch antennas

- Carrier reuse 1 (10MHz) and 2 (2x 5MHz)


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METROCELLS IN AN 80,000 SEAT STADIUM

• With 124 access points, nearly 5,000 subscribers would be able to receive 128Kb/s full time based on 2x 5Mhz carriers

RF HEATMAP BASED ON SINR

Network Price ($000)

PRICE VERSUS CAPACITY

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500 5,000

Number of 128 Kb/s Channels

Small Cells compare quite favorably to DAS, especially given capacity


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AN EMERGING TREND IN HETNETSTHE END OF THE DREADED WI-FI LOG IN!

• Trusted/secure WLAN (Wi-FI) gateway integrated within EPC

• Integrated RAN/Wi-Fi access with seamless access

• Automatic discovery and selection (ANDSF), enabling connection to best network


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WI-FI INTEGRATED SMALL CELLSMETROCELL OUTDOOR WITH OPTIONAL PLUGGABLE WI-FI MODULE

lightRadio™ Metro Cell Outdoor with optional pluggable Wi-Fi module

- Carrier-grade Wi-Fi access point combined with 3GPP access point

- Innovative folded dipole antenna

- Dual band 2.4/5 GHz operation(802.11 b/g/n, 802.11a/n) with MIMO

- LTE 2x2 MIMO (AWS, 2600, or 700 bands)

– Common RAN OAM

– Several backhaul options (fiber, PON, xDSL)

Live at Mobile World Congress!


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HetNets

1

3

2

WE ARE NEARING THE PRACTICAL LIMITS OF INFORMATION THEORY AND SPECTRUM IS LIMITED

• Heterogeneous networks with small cells will become a necessity

THE GAINS OF HETNETS CAN’T BE IGNORED

• Typical models are indicating spectral gains of 200-400%• Business cases are yielding up to 30% savings in cost-per-bit• Live trials are yielding throughput up to the spectral limit

SMALL CELLS WITHIN HETNETS ARE SPECIFIC

• Mobile data users are known to be nomadic and concentrated

• HetNets should be engineered to address specific hot spots


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