The Road to War & The War of 1812

Chapter 7, 8th Grade, Glencoe

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Barbary Pirates

• Barbary Coast States – North African Nations

• Pirates Tripoli & Barbary States attacked European & American ships – ____________ _________________________________________________________________________

• Capture the Philadelphia (U.S. ship); Stephen Decatur set the ship on fire to prevent __________________________________________________________________________

• June 1805 – Tripoli agrees to not attack our ships, but U.S. has to pay __________________________________________________________________________

American Neutrality is Violated

• 1803 – Britain & France went to war again• Both the British & French

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Limits on Trade• Embargo Act of 1807

– Forbade Americans ______________________________________________________________________

– It cut off supplies to France & Britain, but it also hurt the U.S.• Embargo Act failed because

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________– U.S. couldn’t import sugar, tea, or molasses– Eventually U.S. agrees to trade with Britain & France again once

they ______________________________________________________________________

– Napoleon tricks U.S. and continues to capture U.S. ships; Some Americans call for war

– 1808 – ______________________________________________________________________

Conflicts with Native Americans• Ohio becomes a state in 1803, but settlers

__________________________________________________________________________

• Tecumseh & the Prophet thought Indians were __________________________________________________________________________– They called for the Indians to return to their old ways

& resist white invaders; although they received support from the British

• Tecumseh organized a _________________________________________________________________________

• 1811 – General Harrison, governor of Indian Territory, leads attack on Prophetstown on the __________________________________________________________________________

• No clear winner, but white celebrate; Tecumseh flees to British-held Canada

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Tecumseh &

the Prophet

War Hawks• War Hawks = members of Congress from the South & West who

called for war with Britain• Reasons War Hawks Wanted War

– To ________________________________________________________– To stop British ____________________________________________– To demonstrate

______________________________________________________ – To take

_____________________________________________________________________

– To end ________________________________________________________________

• War Hawks thought war would bring peace & safety to the Frontier and dreamed of more land

• Those opposed to war don’t want extra taxes & are concerned about British attacking U.S. ports

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War of 1812

• U.S. declares war _____________________________________

• Britain still at war _____________________________________

• Pres. Jefferson reduced spending on _________________________________________________________________________

• Few regular troops = relied on volunteers• British blockaded American ports to

__________________________________________________________________________

• U.S. navy too small _____________________________________

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Battles

• American General William Hull was ______________________________________________________________________

• American Captain Oliver Hazard Perry was successful at __________________________________________________________________________

• Andrew Jackson able to win the Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814) against the Creeks– Native Americans

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Andrew Jackson

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Final Battles• 1814- Britain defeats France & send

________________________________________________________________

• British win battle in Maryland & then march on Washington, D.C.• British

_____________________________________________________________________– _____________________________________________________________

___ able gather important paper of pres. & portrait of George Washington from White House

• Battle of Fort McHenry – inspired American Francis Scott Key ________________________________________________________________________

• Battle of New Orleans – British attack Jan. 8, 1815 -- __________________________________________________________________________– Could have been avoided because

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Results of the War of 1812

• Treaty of _____________________________________

• Pre-war ____________________________________

• USA gained _____________________________________________________________________

• The US showed _____________________________________

• Andrew Jackson __________________________________________________________________________

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Questions

• Write Three “Deep” Questions (questions that cannot be answered “yes,”

“no,” or with a simple date or fact)• 1.

• 2.

• 3.