the roaring twenties. president warren g. harding 29 th president of the united states 29 th...
TRANSCRIPT
President Warren G. President Warren G. HardingHarding
2929thth President of President of the United Statesthe United States
1921-19231921-1923 Died in office Died in office
August 2, 1923August 2, 1923 Supposedly of a Supposedly of a
heartattackheartattack
Politics and ProsperityPolitics and Prosperity
RecessionRecession: an economic slump: an economic slump The U.S went into a recession because The U.S went into a recession because
the factories stopped turning out war the factories stopped turning out war materialsmaterials
Warren G. Harding takes office in 1920Warren G. Harding takes office in 1920 ““Back to Normalcy”Back to Normalcy”
The Ohio Gang: Harding’s cabinet The Ohio Gang: Harding’s cabinet consisted of his old friends - getting the consisted of his old friends - getting the name “Ohio gang”name “Ohio gang”
The “Ohio Gang”The “Ohio Gang”
Charles ForbesCharles Forbes Veterans BureauVeterans Bureau Stole millionsStole millions
Albert FallAlbert Fall Secretary of the Secretary of the
InteriorInterior Took bribes from oil Took bribes from oil
executivesexecutives
Politics and ProsperityPolitics and Prosperity
Teapot Dome ScandalTeapot Dome Scandal Sec. of Interior Albert Fall was bribed by 2 Sec. of Interior Albert Fall was bribed by 2
oil executivesoil executives Fall secretly leased them gov’t land in Fall secretly leased them gov’t land in
California and @ Teapot Dome, WyomingCalifornia and @ Teapot Dome, Wyoming
Coolidge takes office Coolidge takes office Industry boomsIndustry booms Most Americans incomes roseMost Americans incomes rose Sales of consumer goods roseSales of consumer goods rose
President Calvin President Calvin CoolidgeCoolidge
3030thth President of President of the United Statesthe United States
1923-19291923-1929 Became President Became President
after Harding died after Harding died in officein office
Elected in his own Elected in his own right in 1924right in 1924
Total opposite to Total opposite to HardingHarding
Calvin CoolidgeCalvin Coolidge
““The business of America is The business of America is business. The man who builds a business. The man who builds a factory builds a temple. The man factory builds a temple. The man who works there worships there.”who works there worships there.”
What does this mean?
Politics and ProsperityPolitics and Prosperity
New ways:New ways: Installment buyingInstallment buying - buying goods on - buying goods on
credit, paying over timecredit, paying over time Buying on MarginBuying on Margin - purchasing a stock - purchasing a stock
for just 10% down payment of the price for just 10% down payment of the price of the stockof the stock
Ex: Stock costs $10, the investor would put down Ex: Stock costs $10, the investor would put down $1, down the road the person would have to pay $1, down the road the person would have to pay the remaining balancethe remaining balance
Bull MarketBull Market - increase stock trading and - increase stock trading and rising stock pricesrising stock prices
Politics and ProsperityPolitics and Prosperity
Foreign affairs:Foreign affairs: communismcommunism: economic system in which : economic system in which
all the wealth and property is owned by the all the wealth and property is owned by the community - this was implemented by community - this was implemented by Lenin in Russia, but the government Lenin in Russia, but the government controls everything (private property & controls everything (private property & religion), not the communityreligion), not the community
disarmamentdisarmament: reduction of weapons and : reduction of weapons and forcesforces
Kellogg-Briand PactKellogg-Briand Pact: treaty outlawed war: treaty outlawed war
New Ways of LifeNew Ways of Life
Ban on Alcohol:Ban on Alcohol: 1818thth amendment amendment bootleggersbootleggers speakeasiesspeakeasies Rise of organize crime = mob and gangstersRise of organize crime = mob and gangsters
New rights for womenNew rights for women 1919thth amendment gave women the right amendment gave women the right
to voteto vote League of Women VotersLeague of Women Voters
Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt
New Ways of LifeNew Ways of Life
ERA - equal rights amendment: ERA - equal rights amendment: rights shall not be denied based on rights shall not be denied based on gendergender
Women’s work: women had new Women’s work: women had new opportunities at home and at workopportunities at home and at work
The CarThe Car
Henry Ford and the assembly line Henry Ford and the assembly line Made cars more affordableMade cars more affordable $850 $850 $290 $290
New Ways of LifeNew Ways of Life
The Car:The Car: Economic effects:Economic effects:
Tourism, travel and moreTourism, travel and more Suburbs createdSuburbs created Created many jobs (rubber, glass, steel, gas, Created many jobs (rubber, glass, steel, gas,
oil etc.)oil etc.) Social effectsSocial effects
suburbs suburbs - community located outside the city- community located outside the city The car allowed for the development of the The car allowed for the development of the
suburbssuburbs
New Ways of LifeNew Ways of Life
Mass cultureMass culture A National culture created by: cars, A National culture created by: cars,
music, radio, fads, and moremusic, radio, fads, and more RadioRadio
Families would gather around after dinnerFamilies would gather around after dinner News and entertainmentNews and entertainment
MoviesMovies Charlie ChaplinCharlie Chaplin Silent movies Silent movies “talkies” “talkies”
1927 – 1927 – The Jazz SingerThe Jazz Singer
The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age
Era of Changing Fashions:Era of Changing Fashions: Fad: activity or fashion that is taken Fad: activity or fashion that is taken
up with great passion for a short up with great passion for a short amount of timeamount of time
Flappers: young women that rebelled Flappers: young women that rebelled against traditional ways of thinkingagainst traditional ways of thinking
Wore dresses shortWore dresses short Hair bobbedHair bobbed Red lipstickRed lipstick
The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age
JazzJazz: combined West African : combined West African rhythms, African American work rhythms, African American work songs and spirituals and European songs and spirituals and European harmoniesharmonies Louis ArmstrongLouis Armstrong
Writers:Writers: F. Scott Fitzgerald (F. Scott Fitzgerald (The Great GatsbyThe Great Gatsby)) Ernest Hemmingway (Ernest Hemmingway (Farewell to Arms, Farewell to Arms,
The Sun Also RisesThe Sun Also Rises))
The Jazz AgeThe Jazz Age
Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance Rebirth of African American cultureRebirth of African American culture
Large numbers of African American Large numbers of African American musicians, artists, and writers settled in musicians, artists, and writers settled in HarlemHarlem
WritersWriters Langston Hughes: poet, expressing Langston Hughes: poet, expressing
in poetry the life of African in poetry the life of African Americans of the 1920’sAmericans of the 1920’s
Athletes of the ’20sAthletes of the ’20s
Bobby Jones
Bill Tilden Helen Wills
Jack Dempsey
Gertrude Ederle Red
GrangeBabe Ruth
Charles LindbergCharles Lindberg
Mail pilotMail pilot May 1927May 1927 First to fly non-First to fly non-
stop across the stop across the Atlantic OceanAtlantic Ocean
33 ½ hrs.33 ½ hrs. The Spirit of St. The Spirit of St.
LouisLouis “Lucky Lindy”
Uneven ProsperityUneven Prosperity
Not everyone was benefitting from Not everyone was benefitting from “Coolidge prosperity” “Coolidge prosperity” Clothing industryClothing industry shorter skirts = shorter skirts =
less clothless cloth Coal industryCoal industry switching over to oil as switching over to oil as
source of energysource of energy FarmersFarmers Europe no longer reliant on Europe no longer reliant on
American cropsAmerican crops Labor unionsLabor unions during WWI wages had during WWI wages had
not kept pace with pricesnot kept pace with prices
Trouble below the Trouble below the SurfaceSurface
Red ScareRed Scare During WWI fear of sabotage During WWI fear of sabotage fear of fear of
foreignersforeigners Fear of communism spreading through Fear of communism spreading through
AmericaAmerica Anarchists - people who opposed organized Anarchists - people who opposed organized
governmentgovernment Red Scare – radicals, anarchists, communists Red Scare – radicals, anarchists, communists
were arrested, jailed and sometimes deportedwere arrested, jailed and sometimes deported
Trouble below the Trouble below the SurfaceSurface
Sacco and VanzettiSacco and VanzettiTwo Italian immigrants in Two Italian immigrants in Massachusetts were arrested for Massachusetts were arrested for murdermurder
Admitted anarchistsAdmitted anarchistsLimited evidence against them Limited evidence against them Convicted and put to death in Convicted and put to death in 19271927
Trouble below the Trouble below the SurfaceSurface
Limiting ImmigrationLimiting ImmigrationNativism - anti-foreignersNativism - anti-foreignersEmergency Quota Act – 1921, set Emergency Quota Act – 1921, set up a quota system that allowed up a quota system that allowed only a certain number of people only a certain number of people from each country to enter the from each country to enter the USAUSA
Trouble below the Trouble below the SurfaceSurface
Scopes TrialScopes TrialClash between old and new valuesClash between old and new valuesEvolution v. ReligionEvolution v. ReligionJohn Scopes a Biology teacher in John Scopes a Biology teacher in Ohio taught evolution and was Ohio taught evolution and was arrestedarrested
Scopes was convicted and finedScopes was convicted and finedResult:Result:
People fear People fear CHANGE!CHANGE!
Trouble below the Trouble below the SurfaceSurface
RacismRacismFear of change led to hatredFear of change led to hatred1915: rebirth of the KKK1915: rebirth of the KKKGoal:Goal: Preserve the USA for Preserve the USA for
white, native born Protestantswhite, native born ProtestantsMarcus Garvey - Universal Marcus Garvey - Universal
Negro Improvement AssociationNegro Improvement AssociationPromote unity and pride Promote unity and pride
1928 Election1928 Election
RepublicanRepublican Fmr. Secretary of Fmr. Secretary of
CommerceCommerce Self-made millionaireSelf-made millionaire Protestant from the mid Protestant from the mid
WestWest For ProhibitionFor Prohibition
DemocratDemocrat Fmr. Governor of New Fmr. Governor of New
YorkYork Catholic from East CoastCatholic from East Coast Was a “wet” against Was a “wet” against
ProhibitionProhibition
Herbert Hoover
Alfred E. Smith