the role of community organizations and ngos in the energy sector asoka abeygunawardana

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The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana Treasurer, Bio Energy Association of Sri Lanka Program Coordinator, Energy Forum

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The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana Treasurer, Bio Energy Association of Sri Lanka Program Coordinator, Energy Forum. The NGOs and the Community Based organizations (CBOs) play a vital role in the energy sector in Sri Lanka. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

The role of community organizations and NGOs in

the energy sector

Asoka Abeygunawardana

Treasurer, Bio Energy Association of Sri LankaProgram Coordinator, Energy Forum

Page 2: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

The NGOs and the Community Based organizations (CBOs) play a vital role in the energy sector in Sri Lanka

For incorporating social and environmental concerns in electricity generation planning

For providing energy services to the off-grid communities

Page 3: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Conduct protest campaigns against certain energy sector development projects

Grid Electricity

Page 4: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

GENERATION FORECASTGENERATION FORECAST 20012001 - 2021 - 2021

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26000

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Year

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rati

on

(G

Wh

) Low

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High

Page 5: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

0

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3500

1999

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Year

Fue

l Qua

ntity

(10

00 M

T)

Naphtha

Coal

Fuel Oil

Diesel

Residual

Fuel Requirement

Page 6: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

The fate of the first coal power plant in Sri Lanka

199819992000

200120022003200420052006

200720082009

1990

1992

1994

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1998

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2002

Frist Coal Power plant

Page 7: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Is it destructive?

Indirectly contributing to create more opportunities to renewables

Page 8: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Estimated CO2 emissions from the national power system

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Ann

ual C

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CO2 emissions (' 000 tons/year)

Page 9: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

As there is no adequate opportunity to present their views some parties act against the proper implementation of an energy plan.

Energy planning should integrate financial, social and environment concerns believing that least-cost energy production and protecting environmental and community social systems is in the country’s best interest.

Page 10: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Role played by the BEASL: Studies, Lobbying process; Pilot projects

BEASL estimated targetsIn the year 2010 dendro could: Generate 5752.5 GWH of electrical energy (50% of the total Sri Lanka energy requirement)Generate an additional annual income of Rs. 90,000 each, for 60,000 farming familiesSave Rs. 46 Billion of foreign currency Grow an additional forest/tree cover of 176,630 Ha for Sri Lanka

Page 11: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Role played by the Energy Forum:

Study on Incorporating Social and Environmental concerns in Long term electricity generation expansion planning

Feasibility Study of an out grower system

Capacity Building for providing micro financing to get grid connections

Page 12: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Role played by the Energy Forum:

Study on Incorporating Social and Environmental concerns in Long term electricity generation expansion planning

WASP 3+ is the software currently being used by the Ceylon Electricity Board for electricity generation expansion planning. WASP3+, as a part of ELECTRIC module of ENPEP (Energy and Power Evaluation Programme), is not a tool to quantify environmental impacts of LTEGP or cost them.

There are several other software tools available (in addition to WASP 3+) to fulfill different tasks in studying environmental impacts of electricity production, as well as energy production in general.

Page 13: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Feasibility Study for an out grower system for a dendro power plant

Badulla District; Meegahakivula and Soranatota DS Divisions

Land extent of the average farmer is 1 ha

The average number of trees currently available per farmer family is 2000 trees

If there is an established market for sticks then the farmers are willing of growing at least 3,000 more trees in the same land area.

The income of 70% of the farmers was below Rs. 24,000 per annum.

A farmer having a 1 ha land can expect an average income of Rs. 16,000 to 24,000 annually from his existing Gliricidia trees

He can increase his income to Rs. 40,000 - 60,000 if he plants additional 3,000 plants in the same land area.

Farmers who have over 10 acres of land are reluctant to establish energy plantations due to prevailing high labour costs.

Page 14: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana
Page 15: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Feasibility Study for an out grower system

Badulla District; Meegahakivula and Soranatota DS Divisions

Findings

A 2 MW Dendro power plant in the Meegahakivula DS Division with the existing Gliricidia trees.

Currently available trees in both DS Divisions can supply fuel wood to run a 3 MW Dendro power plant.

With the introduction of proper energy plantations to the selected area - power plant up to 11 MW.

The potential land area in the Rideemaliyadda DS is roughly 4 times that of Meegahakivula.

Page 16: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Community agro forestry

LocationDistrict: Badulla; DS Division: Soranatota; GN Division: BoliyaddaLand Extent to be cultivated : 50 HaNumber of Farmers involved : 100Land extent per block of a farmer : 0.5 HaNumber of timber plants provided by the forest department for a block: 500Timber species selected for the plantation : TeakTotal number of timber plants provided for the forestry project : 50,000Proposed number of Gliricidia trees per block : 3,000Total number Gliricidia trees required for the forestry project : 300,000

Plantation patternSpace between two Teak plant rows : 5mSpace between two Teak plants : 2mNumber of Gliricidia rows between two Teak rows : 3Space between a Gliricidia row and a Teak row : 1.5mSpace between two Gliricidia rows : 1mSpace between two Gliricidia trees : 1m

Page 17: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

The Energy Situation in Sri Lanka

Still 1.5 - 2 million households will not have access to grid electricity

Page 18: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

A study conducted by the Energy Forum reveals that

- having electricity for domestic lighting during 7.00 pm - 10.00 pm and for viewing a TV is a principal requirement

- there is no direct relationship between energy supply and poverty reduction.

- to achieve poverty reduction, a special effort has to be made to integrate energy and economic development initiatives.

Page 19: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

There are about 200 off-grid micro-hydro power plants in Sri Lanka supplying power

to over 6000 households

•One 3 MW Grid Connected Power Plant

• One 2.5 kW Off-grid Village Plant

20- 250 W Household Wind Turbines

There are about 65,000 Solar Home Systems in Sri Lanka

Off-grid Technologies Available

Over 1200 domestic units & Four community units generate bio-gas.

Two household level electricity generation units.

First community electricity generation project is under construction

O2

O2

O2O2

O2O2

O2O2O2

O2

CO2

CO2

CO2CO2

CO2CO2

CO2CO2

2 off-grid dendro power schemes

Page 20: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

The approximate cost comparisonInstallation costs

Micro-hydro US$ 2000 per 1kW Dendro US$ 3500 per

1kW Bio-gas US$ 3500 per 1kW Wind US$ 6000 per 1kWSolar PV US$ 10,000 per 1kW

Page 21: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Micro-hydro

The Federation of Electricity Consumer Societies (FECS)

takes steps - to coordinate after sales services required for micro hydro schemes- to incorporate economic development

activities in stand-alone village hydro schemes and to develop appropriate

implementation mechanisms.

Page 22: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Off-grid dendro potential survey

off-grid dendro potential identified that almost all the dry-zone off-grid villages in Sri Lanka have enough sparsely used croplands that can be effectively used to establish energy plantations for supplying fuel-wood to generate electricity for the consumption of off-grid households.

For this analysis, EF used only scrubland, grassland, and chena.

Page 23: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Dendro Power

Project ParametersNo of householdsPlanned - 100 Currently connected - 58Total h/h requirements - 25 kWOperation hours per day - 6 hours (4.45 a.m. to 6.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m. to10.30 p.m.) Fuel wood species - Gliricidia SepiumFuel wood requirement - 60kg/ hrFuel wood supplying area (Existing Plantations) - 2 km radius

Page 24: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Running Cost

Cost for the monthOperating hours - 6 hoursFuel wood - Rs. 16,875Diesel (3Lts / hr) - Rs. 4,000Wages - Operator & Helper - Rs. 15,625Maintenance fund - Rs. 5,000Society - Rs. 1,000Total - Rs. 42,500

Fuel wood

Monthly Electricity bill per household - Rs. 500Price of fuel wood at Farm gate - Rs. 200/ m3; Rs. 1/ kgPrice of fuel wood at Power house gate - Rs. 375/m3; Rs 1.88/kgMonthly payment for fuel wood transportation - Rs. 7,875Average income per household for supplying fuel wood - Rs. 106

Page 25: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

Dendro Power

- A privately owned power plant and plantation- A cooperative type power plant, with fuel wood purchased from identified suppliers- An exchange system, where community members exchange fuel wood for electricity

Page 26: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

The off-grid energy sector’s great leap forward during the recent years is mainly due to formidable partnerships among Private-Public-Civil Society institutions.

Page 27: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

The strengths and contributions of each sector are:

The Private sector:

To provide technologyTo provide energy services for a feeTo provide after sale services for a fee (Service Companies)

The Public Institutions:

To develop a master plan incorporating grid extension and off-grid ET To link potential end users with civil society organisations and private sector To establish one stop shop for clearancesTo monitor the after sale services

Page 28: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

The strengths and contributions of each sector are:

The Civil Society:

To provide micro-financingTo mobilise the community and organise the end users To conduct Research and DevelopmentTo monitor the after sale services Lobbing for better policy environment

Page 29: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

ESDP and REREDP

Original proposal was to implement the project through the Government owned utility - Ceylon Electricity Board. With the interventions made by the EF it became a

private sector driven project There were certain developments made to get the

participation of the CSOs and Public institutions

Page 30: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

ESDP and REREDP

The developments made to the original project include:

•Sarvodaya SEEDS qualifying as a Participatory Credit Institution (Civil Society Involvement)•Contributions from Provincial Councils (Public Sector Involvement)•NGO activists qualifying as Village Hydro Schemes developers (Civil Society Involvement)•Establishment of Federation of Electricity Consumer Societies (Civil Society Involvement)

Page 31: The role of community organizations and NGOs in the energy sector Asoka Abeygunawardana

The Renewable Energy for Rural Economic Development Project (RERED)

It is to provide off-grid Energy technologies to 100,000 households

However this will be providing electricity to only 7-10 % of the off-grid households