the role of gnss in the glas’ future service provision dr sally basker director of research &...
TRANSCRIPT
The Role of GNSS in the GLAs’ Future Service Provision
Dr Sally BaskerDirector of Research & RadionavigationGeneral Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom & Ireland
International Information Sub-Committee,Civil GPS Service Interface Committee,Manchester, 7 May 2006
Content
The GLAs Shipping trends and e-Navigation The Role of GNSS Securing e-Navigation Benefits
The General Lighthouse Authorities
Trinity House
Commissioners of Irish Lights
Northern Lighthouse board
The General Lighthouse Authorities of the United Kingdom and Ireland
The tri-GLA Research & Radionavigation directorate works on behalf of all three GLAs
Building on a track record of success
The GLAs shared mission is is the delivery of a reliable, efficient and cost effective AtoN service for the benefit and safety of all mariners
The GLAs operate in a “user pays” cost-recovery environment based on “Light Dues”
Light dues have reduced by 50% in real terms in the last 10 years This has been achieved by improving the cost-effectiveness of
physical aids to navigation (lights and floating aids)
Taking this further means delivering a radionavigation dividend cost-savings that result from the introduction of radionavigation
services and their take-up in the maritime sector
Shipping trends and e-Navigation
Ships are getting larger
>6000 TEU
>4500 TEU
>8000 TEU
Source: MAN B&W Diesel A/S. Propulsion Trends in Container Vessels. www.manbw.com
In June 2006 the company Royal Caribbean plans to launch a vessel of 158,000 tons, with accommodation for 3,600 passengers
Ships are getting faster
TEU
The SuperSeaCat is more than 100 metres long, carries 800 passengers plus 175 cars, and operates at 38 knots
Source: MAN B&W Diesel A/S. Propulsion Trends in Container Vessels. www.manbw.com
Traffic is becoming more congested
On average, a ship passes through the Dover Straits every 3 minutes
e-Navigation - making safe navigation easier and cheaper
The cost-effective collection, integration and display of maritime information onboard and ashore by electronic means, to enhance berth-to-berth navigation and related services, for safety and security at sea, and protection of the marine environment
Widespread support at IMO and IALA Delivery
GNSS underpinned by fail-safe supplementary position signals integrated displays – communications – information management –
alarm prioritisation – shore-based monitoring & intervention It will enable new applications
virtual AtoNs for the early marking of wrecks or other hazards before they are marked physically with wreck-marking buoys
The Role of GNSS
GNSS for navigation
GNSS will be the dominant e-Navigation sensor in the maritime domain
Current GPS and DGPS is likely to continue to be the mainstay of many ships for many years more than 30% of all ships are
older than 20 years
The L1 and L5 frequencies will offer GPS/Galileo interoperability for maritime users
Age Distribution of World Fleet
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20+
Age at 1st Jan. 2005 (years)
Per
cen
tag
e o
f to
tal
dw
t
Tankers Bulk carriers General cargo Container ships Others
Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 2005 Review of Maritime Transport
GNSS for situational awareness
GNSS is being used for situational awareness in two ways Automatic Identification Systems
(AIS) Long Range Identification and
Tracking AIS uses GPS for timing and
positioning ship borne and shore base
stations ship borne and shore-based
situational awareness used as an AtoN (e-ANSI,
synthetic AIS, virtual AtoNs) LRIT uses GPS for positioning
mainly shore-based situational awareness for security and safety
GNSS for timing
GPS is used for timing synchronised or sequenced lights some AtoN lights are less
conspicuous when viewed against light-polluted waterfront backgrounds
options include changing the characteristics of individual lights (e.g. flashing blue/yellow) or groups of lights (e.g. synchronise or sequence)
important safety issue
GPS is also used for timing in AIS user equipment & base stations
Courtesy: Sealite
The impact of GPS on marine service provision
Dependenton GPS
AtoN AIS/e-ANSI
Physical AtoN
DGPS
GPS
Synthetic/Virtual AIS
Loran
Synch’d or Seq’d Lights
Physical AtoN
GPS
AIS Base Station
Loran
GLA RadiobeaconGLA AIS User
Equipment
+
+
+
+
GLA Loran Station GLA Control Centre
+
GPS is a key enabling technology and a target for jamming
Many of the GLAs current and future e-Navigation services are enabled by GPS
GPS is vulnerable and is a target for people who do not want to be
tracked for people who want to disrupt
society more generally IGEB, February 2001
GPS provides many benefits to civilian users. It is vulnerable, however, to interference and other disruptions that can have harmful consequences. GPS users must ensure that adequate independent backup systems or procedures can be used when needed
http://www.detectnu.nl
RADIXON HADRIAN RJ-G1575 GPS Jammer
Securing GNSS Benefits for e-Navigation
Reverting from e-Navigation to physical AtoNs
e-Navigation systems will be designed with high levels of availability and reliability to support one-man-bridge and other innovative operations
Reverting from e-Navigation based solely on GNSS to physical AtoNs will become less straightforward
Under some circumstances navigational safety might actually worsen
A second, complementary and dissimilar, multi-modal independent PNT service is needed to realise the full benefits of e-Navigation
eLoran – the right supplementary positioning signal for e-Navigation
A single source of positioning and timing is unacceptable in the marine domain A Marine navigation and surveillance need a mixture of positioning and timing
systems and e-Navigation needs a second, complementary and dissimilar, multi-modal independent PNT service is needed
eLoran is the only service that fulfils the requirement
Service Indep’tPNT
Multi-modal
Independent with respect to GPS
System Signal User
Galileo
eLoran
DGPS
SBAS3
Radar2
1. PNT – Position, Navigation and Time2. Including radar transponders – Racons3. SBAS has independent time but not P or N
eLoran makes sense
The eLoran objective the provision of an international, globally-standardised eLoran PNT
(position, navigation and time) multi-modal service, based on interoperable multi-regional components both as a complement to GNSS and as a stand-alone backup in case of failure
eLoran must make sense to governments, service providers and users improving safety meeting IMO A.915 general navigation requirements improving the cost-effectiveness of AtoN service provision
eLoran will secure key GNSS benefits for e-Navigation
eLoran will secure the important GNSS benefits for e-Navigation and AtoN service provision
Increased operational flexibility and improved safety from new operational concepts
Greater throughput of freight Virtual AtoNs
earlier marking of wrecks traffic separation schemes marking shifting channels and sand banks
Reduced cost of AtoN service provision Insurance against intentional or unintentional interference
eLoran at ENC
Briefing presentations Monday – Shipping trends, e-Navigation, eLoran White Paper Tuesday – Harwich trials, container tracking, French experience Wednesday – GLA R&RNAV procurements in 2006/7
Papers Mitch’s bit GLA paper