THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES ESPECIALLY THE

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (CIA) TO THE WORLD

TAMMY CHIAM

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Over the years, public views of the intelligence agencies and its role in foreign policy

have been shaped primarily by movies, television, novels, newspapers, books

by journalists, and essays by "experts" who either have never served in the intelligence agency,

or have served and still not understood its role.

There have many of intelligence agencies that set up by each country around the world.

Pakistan Inter-Service Intelligence (ISI)

Institute for Intelligence and Special Operation

Intelligence

collecting and processing of that information about foreign countries and their agents which is needed

by a government for its foreign policy and for national security, the conduct of non-attributable activities abroad to facilitate the implementation of foreign policy, and the protection of both process and product,

as well as persons and organizations concerned with these, against unauthorized disclosure.

secret action aimed at understanding or changing what goes on abroad.

Intelligence agency refers to a government institution which collects, analyze and exploit valuable information and intelligence in support of law enforcement, national security, military and foreign policy objective and to lock the safety of nation.\

In Malaysia, we have Kor Risik Diraja, Malaysian Special Branch, Malaysian National Security Council, and National Security Divisionto combat terrorism for maintaining Malaysia’s security.

CIA is the most prominent and familiar among other United States, then following by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),National Security Agency (NSA), and Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA).

As the Cold War recedes into the past and a new world order emerges, it is important to understand why intelligence was centralized in the form it was. The attack on World Trade Center tower in New York and the Pentagon in Washington bring this question into very sharp focus.

2.0 BACKGROUND – THE HISTORY OF CIAThe need for agency that world centralize intelligence gathering became obvious after the terrible tragedy of Pearl Harbor.

Intelligence at the time had some idea that attack was possible but there was no single voice that dictated a loud enough to warning and to prevent it happen before it is too late.

President Roosevelt appointed New York lawyer William Joseph Donovan to draft a plan for an intelligence service based on the M16 and SOE. After that, Donovan appointed as the Coordinator of Information on 11 July 1941.

Office of Strategic Services (OSS) established by President Roosevelt on 13 June 1942 William Joseph Donovan became the head of the OSS in 1942. The OSS was a wartime intelligence agency and the forerunner to the CIA. It had a mandate to collect and analyze strategic information. The OSS supplied

policymakers with facts and estimates but it never had jurisdiction over all foreign intelligence activities.

conducting multiple activities and missions, including collecting intelligence by spying, performing acts of sabotage, waging propaganda war, organizing and coordinating anti-Nazi resistance groups in Europe, providing military training for anti-Japanese guerrilla movement in Asia, among other things.

The OSS played a major role in training Kuomintang troops in China and Burma, helped arms, train and supply resistance movements from 1943 to 1945. During the World War II, one of the greatest accomplishments of the OSS was its penetrative of Nazi Germany by OSS operatives.

After the Japan surrendered and closed the chapter of the Pacific Theater of Operations in the World War II, the OSS was abolished on 20 September 1945 by President Truman due to he signed Executive Order 9621.

President Truman created the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) in January of 1946.

President Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 establishing the CIA on 26 July 1947 to make a fully functional intelligence office.

CIA was formed to serve for two purposes that were to gather information about the capabilities and intentions of friendly and unfriendly nations and to evaluate it and present it in some useful form to policy-makers.

3.0 THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

The ATTACK on the Pearl Harbor by the JapaneseWorld Trade Center complex by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda Paris -13 November 2015**the rise of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)

The people need to protect by government agencies especially from the intelligence aspect.

It helps to country to cope with security matters with gather the information that may include espionage, terrorism, arms trafficking and so on that related to nation’s security.

ROLES provision of analysis in areas relevant to national security give early warning of impending crises, serve national and international crisis management by helping to discern the intentions of current or potential opponents inform national defense planning and military operations protect sensitive information secrets, both of their own sources and activities, and those of other state agencies. collect the secret information that relating to the political and economic activities of foreign states such as assassination, arms trafficking, and the placement of misinformation …

1. Responsible for the collection and analysis of intelligence and its distribution to policymakers that were principally to the president, the National Security Council (NSC) and the Departments of State and Defense.

2. Charged with the conduct of covert action, the one area in which it implements policy.

3. Played out in the interaction, primarily in Washington, between the intelligence community and the policymaking community.

4.0 COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE CIA AND FBI

not a law enforcement agency but an intelligence agency for espionage

operations that was originally intended to only deal with foreign affairs

had no authority to do any domestic "spying".

has no authority to arrest anyone or to enforce any laws likes the FBI.

It simply gathers information. works only in foreign matters. It is illegal for the CIA to investigate any

United States citizen or company inside the United States, unless an investigation is part of a foreign intelligence.

For example, the CIA may investigate an American who's suspected of being part of a terrorist plot being planned in a foreign country.

domestic intelligence and law enforcement agency.

does not work in foreign countries.

As the investigative and enforcement arm of the United States Department of Justice,

investigates the violations of federal criminal laws such as the possession and sale of illegal drug, cyber or computer-based crimes and Medicare fraud.

has investigative and arrest powers anywhere in the United States where a federal criminal law is violated.

CIA FBI

The biggest difference between the FBI and CIA is the FBI’s nationwide reach.

State and local law enforcement agents typically cannot enforce laws outside their specific

jurisdiction, such as their state, county or city.

Sometimes, the FBI also working hand-in-hand with the CIA when foreign-based plots land on United States soil

when come to crimes, domestic or home-based terrorist activities, and other civil right violations.

5.0 CONCLUSIONThe intelligence agency is the first line of defense of the country

as its eyes and ears. It helps the policymaker to understand and deal with the often

dangerous world around us.

An estimate after collecting the intelligence can provides a factual review of subject and forecasts future development.

This also can prevent and stop the terrorism, danger, and war before it happens and led to the consequence that we cannot bear. This is done by trying to find out about plans to commit terrorism.

United States has the finest global intelligence service in the world. The CIA’s assessment and research papers are the products of the

largest intelligence analysis organization in the world.

The intelligence’s work is not always the glamorous and exciting missions likes what we read about in books or see on the television

shows and in the movie theater.

Lastly, intelligence agency is needed in every country in the world to protect the country and the people from danger.

THANK YOU