the role of social media in bullying and teen dating violence pca ga conference
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The Role of Social Media in Bullying and Teen Dating Violence PCA GA conferenceTRANSCRIPT
Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
The Role of Social Media in Bullying and Teen Dating
Violence: Impacts and Prevention
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September 11, 2014Amber McKeenKara Klein
The Role of Social Media in Bullying and Teen Dating Violence: Impacts
and Prevention
Amber McKeen, Child Abuse Prevention TrainerKara Klein, CCLS, Child Life SpecialistStephanie V. Blank Center for Safe and Healthy Children at Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta
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The planners (Amber McKeen, BS) and the speakers (Amber McKeen & Kara Klein, CCLS) for this series have disclosed that they do not have any financial relationships with commercial supporters (pharmaceutical or device manufacturers).
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Objectives
• Assess the role of social media in bullying and teen dating violence
• Recognize signs of bullying and teen dating violence
• Discuss intervention and prevention strategies that adults and teens can use to address online bullying and abuse, and stay safe online as well as in face-to-face interactions
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How teens use technology to communicate
• Texting vs Calling– Decline in the number of teens who report “talking” on
cell phone
• Computer vs hand held device– Social media– Apps
• Video games– World of Warcraft, Xbox, PS4, etc
• ¼ teens are “cell-mostly users”Madden et al., Teens and Technology 2013 (2013). Berkman Center for Internet and Society. Harvard University
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Texting
• Most common form of communication– 63% of teens say they exchange texts everyday– 39% of teens say they talk on the phone everyday– 35% socialize face-to-face outside of school
• New study suggests teens send around 60 texts a day– Older teens (14-17) send the most texts – median of
100/day
• Read receipts• Abbreviations
Lenhart, A. Teens, Smartphones and Texting (2013). Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project
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“Sexting”
• Sending sexually explicit messages, photos or videos primarily via cell phones or other social media
• Study conducted in 2011 of 948 high school students in Texas– 28% have sent a naked picture of themselves– 31% have asked someone for a sext– 57% had been asked to send a sext
• Sexting dangers include legal consequences– Distribution of child pornography
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Temple, JR, et al. Teen Sexting and Its Association With Sexual Behaviors. Article. http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1212181
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Social Media 411
• What is social media?– Interaction among people
who create and share/exchange information and ideas in “virtual networks”
– Uses mobile and web based technology
– Not just “social sharing”– Social networking
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Social Media 411
• Hashtags– People search for a specific hashtag – Ex. I just did the #icebucketchallenge #ALS – Loving this warm weather! #sun #finally #timetogettan– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57dzaMaouXA
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Social Media 411
• GPS– Geotagging adds geographical identification to media
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Have an iPhone? Grab it!
• Go to your Settings
• Then Privacy
• Now Location Services
• Scroll ALL the way to the BOTTOM – System Services
• Then select Frequent Locations – Scroll to History
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• Most used social networking site worldwide • Allows friends to connect by sharing their “status”, photos,
articles, etc• Social Status– Teens showing waning interest in FB, yet continue to use it as
part of teenage socializing– Teens focus on the maintenance and content of social media
presence • Importance of “Likes”
• Automatic location tagged on posts and photos • Threat of posting harassing or embarrassing information on FB
– “tagging”
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• Photo-sharing social networking site – Artsy filters, likes
• Captions, hashtags, tag friends• “Follow” friends/strangers/celebrities• Screen names
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• Pros– Sense of social acceptance– Creativity– Privacy settings
• Cons– #snapchat #thot #kikme– Geotagging– Creepy vs popularity
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• 140 character “tweet” limit • Allows people to quickly and easily connect with friends, celebrities, local organizations/businesses,
public figures, etc.
- Form of “microblogging”- Retweeting- @username- # Hashtags
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Tinder
• Dating app • Shows collection of
facebook photos to interested parties in area
• Demographic 18-32, but getting younger
• Press heart if you find person attractive, X if not. If you match you can start chatting
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Blogging/Microblogging
Tumblr– User can post photos, quotes, links, music, and videos
from your browser, phone, desktop, email– User can customize look, color etc– People can comment– “banned” for children under the age of 13
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Blogging/Microblogging
• Pros– Can display art, recipes, projects– Self expression, independence
• Cons– Self harm and suicide promoting blogs– Porn easy to find– cyberbullying
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ask.fm
• Social networking site where users can ask other users questions – It can be anonymous– Anyone can see your page/content
• Based in Latvia• Cons– Sited as reason for numerous bullying and suicide
attempts, death threats– No one monitors the content
• “If you receive a question that makes you uncomfortable for any reason, do not respond to the question.”
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Whisper
• Encourages users to share secrets (anonymously)
• “Express yourself – share secrets – meet new people”
• Text expressions of secrets placed over stylized images
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Whisper
• Pros– Ways for people to express themselves and share thoughts
and fears
• Cons– Cyberbullying– Used to meet people
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Messaging Apps
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• Alternative to texting– No message limits– Use data or wi-fi
• Facebook Messenger– Integrated with the FB chat– “free texting from facebook”– Stickers instead of emoticons– Get messages instantly (like a text)
• Whatsapp• Voxer• Kik
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Snapchat
• People exchange pictures and videos which expire after a set period of time (10 seconds or less)
• “Pictures disappear”– Screenshot, digging around in the
hidden files, taking a picture of the phone with another phone
• Teens aged 13-15 in Montreal charged with production, possession and distribution of child pornography
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Snapchat
• “My Story” allows all snapchat friends to see your story (compilation of photos/videos) for extended periods of time
• Save snaps without the senders knowledge– Snapbox (ios)– Snapchat saver (android)– Snapcrack (ios)– SaveMySnaps (android)– SnapSave (android)
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Recognizing TDV & Bullying
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What is Teen Dating Violence?
“The pattern of repeated actual or threatened acts that physically, sexually, or verbally abuse a member of an unmarried heterosexual or homosexual couple in which one or both partners is between thirteen and twenty years old”
Carlson, CN. Invisible Victims: Holding the Educational System Liable for Teen Dating Violence at School. Harvard Women’s Law Journal, 26, 351-393
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What is Cyberbullying?
Being cruel to others by sending or posting harmful material or engaging in other forms of social aggression using the internet or other forms of digital technology
Williard, N. Educator’s Guide to Cyberbullying, Cyberthreats, & Sexting. Center for Safe and Responsible Use of the Internet.
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Forms of Abuse
Physical
Emotional
Sexual
Electronic
Aggression
Herrman JW. (2009). There’s a Fine Line…Adolescent Dating Violence and Prevention. Pediatric Nursing, 35 (3), 164-170.
Teen Power and Control Wheel
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Cyberbullying vs. Traditional Bullying
Differences
Anonymous
Bully does not see victims reaction
Can occur at anytime
Messages and images can be distributed to large number of people quickly
Many adults do not have the know how to keep up with activity online so behavior often goes
unchecked
Standing up for yourself can cause the problems to escalate
Similarities
Repetition of events
Imbalance of power
Likely to be a victim of both traditional and
cyberbullying
Kowalski, R & Limber, S.P. (2007). Electronic Bullying Among Middle School Students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S22-S30. Hinduja S and Patchin JW, Overview of Cyberbullying, White House Conference on Bullying Prevention, March 2011
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Warning signs: Victim
⁻ Appears nervous or jumpy when an IM or email appears
⁻ Appears uneasy about going to school/outside
⁻ Appears angry, depressed, or frustrated after using technology
⁻ Avoids discussion about what doing on computer or cell phone
⁻ Becomes abnormally withdrawn from family and friends
– Apologizes for the behavior or makes excuses for it
– Frequently worries about making partner angry
– Stops doing things that are important to them to make partner happy
– Cancels plans with friends at the last minute
– Afraid to break up because partner may hurt them, or themselves
Reviving Ophelia clip
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Warning signs: Bully/Aggressor
– Says what to do or wear– Makes false accusations or
constantly accuses partner of cheating
– Doesn’t want their partner spending time with others
– Blames partner for their problems
– Has huge mood swings and goes from being really angry to very sweet in short periods of time
⁻ Quickly switching screens/closing programs when you walk by
⁻ Gets unusually upset when computer/cell phone privileges taken away
⁻ Avoids discussing what do online
⁻ Appears to be using multiple accounts, or account that is not their own
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Who’s at Risk?
• Teen brain development• Victims of child sexual abuse• Parental involvement• Geographic region• Neighborhood/school• Music/Media
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Why is TDV an issue?
• Consequences to victim– Mental health– Low self-esteem– Injuries, death
• Consequences to perpetrator– Expulsion– Criminal record– Mental health
• Cycle of violence
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Prevalence of TDV in Georgia
12.4% of teens report dating violence
#4 in the US
Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2013
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How Often Does Cyberbullying Occur?• Percentage of youth that report being victims of
cyberbullying has increased by 50% from 2000 to 2005
• Adolescents reporting being a victim range from 5% to 70% – Approximately 20% of 11-18 yr olds report being a victim– Approximately 20% of 11-18 yr olds report bullying online
• 10% of youth report having been both aggressor and victim
Social Media and Pop Culture Influences
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Considerations
• Social Media – Threat of posting harassing or embarrassing information
• Texting– Texting their partner every hour between 10pm and 5am– Experiencing harassment, name-calling, or put downs
from current or former dating partner
• Sexting– 50% of teens admit they feel pressured to “sext”
• 18% shared the images with others
• GPS– Tracking
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Cyberstalking
• Use of internet or electronic means to stalk or harass an individual• “Face-Stalking”• “Lurking”
• Noah• Written, Directed, Produced, Edited by Walter Woodman & Patrick CederbergFor permission to view the video, contact [email protected] &
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Tumblr
• Young teen gf “best revenge pics”• “exboyfriendrevenge”
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Whisper
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Media and Pop Culture Influences
Be thinking about…• Teen role models and influences • How can we use our knowledge of this information
to challenge common beliefs about relationship norms and what is acceptable
• Normalizing behaviors
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“Real Life” Examples
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WIREIMAGEPUBLISHED: 06/25/2013 10:08:37
Sammie Giancola and Ronnie Ortiz-MagroNo more amore! 'Jersey Shore's' on-off-on-off couple Ronnie Ortiz-Magro and Sammi (Sweetheart) Giancola have broken up ... again. The pair called it quits shortly after the show's fourth season finale aired.
Rihanna & Chris Brown On Again Off Again couple since Brown’s Assault on Rihanna in 2009. At the time of the assault he was 19 and she was 20 .
Kourtney Kardashian & Scott DisickAlcohol fueled tirades , Kourtney concerned for her and her son’s safety
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Reactions to Chris Brown’s brutal assault on Rihanna
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“Reality” TV Shows
• Violence = good ratings• High entertainment value of domestic violence• Does this normalize these behaviors?• The “Real World” on MTV
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Music Videos
• Misery- Maroon 5• We Found Love- Rihanna and Calvin Harris• Want U Back- Cher Lloyd • Criminal- Britney Spears • It Will Rain- Bruno Mars • Paparazzi- Lady Gaga• Love The Way You Lie- Eminem and Rihanna• Man Down- Rihanna
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What can we do?
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Reporting Teen Dating Violence
• Only 1 in 11 episodes of dating violence reported• Variety of reasons why teens do not report:– Unaware it is abuse– Denial– Stigma– Self-blame
– Adult beliefs: • 81% believe DV is not a teen problem• Fail to validate teens feelings for partner• Teen relationships are not serious, easy to get out
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dating Matters: Understanding Teen Dating Violence Prevention.
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Who do teens tell?
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What you can do
• As a professional– Maintain security on all public devices– Educate parents and children about safe internet usage – Maintain familiarity with emerging trends in technology
– www.commonsensemedia.com
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What you can do
Agatston, P.W., Kowalski, R, & Limber, S. (2007). Students’ Perspectives on Cyber Bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S59-S60.; Williard, N. (2007). The Authority and Responsibility of School Officials in Responding to Cyberbullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S64-S65.
• School settingˉ Determine extent of problem in your
school/community and gather a group of stakeholders to combat the issue
ˉ Evaluate internet use policies ˉ if necessary, implement new policies to monitor
Internet use of studentsˉ Have parents and children sign policy agreeing on
proper use of school district technology
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What you can do
Agatston, P.W., Kowalski, R, & Limber, S. (2007). Students’ Perspectives on Cyber Bullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S59-S60.; Hinduja S and Patchin JW, Overview of Cyberbullying, White House Conference on Bullying Prevention, March 2011
• School setting⁻ Engage youth to move from initiator disengaged
onlookers positive defenders⁻ Engage youth leaders and peer mentors⁻ Include bullying and abuse prevention programs &
train school staff⁻ Address known cases of bullying/abuse
immediately and develop creative response strategies to deal with it
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Policies Regarding Cyberbullying
•School can prohibit student speech if it would substantially interfere with work of school or impinge upon rights of other students, including their right to be secure
Tinker v. Des Moines Indep.
Cnty. Sch. Dist. 393 U.S. 503 (1969)
•Georgia has laws regarding cyberbullying but only if it occurs on school district technology
State laws on bullying
Summary of State Laws on Cyberbullying
Williard, N. (2007). The Authority and Responsibility of School Officials in Responding to Cyberbullying. Journal of Adolescent Health, 41, S64-S65.
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What you can do
• As a parent– Talk to your kids about internet safety! – Familiarize yourself with the technology your teens and
young children are using• Continue to keep pace with new trends
– Place parental control blocks on internet connected devices
– Create joint accounts (make them private)– Turn off geo-location services– Approve followers/friends– Have passwords and let them know you can check anytime
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As a Caregiver- talk to your kids EARLY• Teach teens about healthy vs. unhealthy relationships • They need to feel secure talking to you• Create a supportive environment– Be available– Show respect for each other– Need to be able to trust you– Show interest by asking questions in a comfortable order and style
Choose Respect: www.cdc.gov/chooserespect
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Educate about Social Networking Safety
• Teach teens about media literacy- need to think critically about the messages they are receiving – Social and News Media
• Help teens build their own voice, values and goals
• When online: – Always ask everyone if it’s alright to “check them in”
(geotag)– Rule of thumb: don’t do or say anything online you
wouldn’t in person
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Guidelines for Introducing Conversation• Start with a general question • Let your teen be the expert on his/her world• Relate your discussion to things they are interested in– Use examples we discussed, or find your own
• Ask how you can help
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Create Rules
• Set an age for dating• Make sure your teen is not spending a lot of time in
unsupervised situations• Set guidelines for your teen’s outings• Be aware of what your teens are doing and who they are with• Impose rules on internet use– 40% of adolescents report parents do not impose rules
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Everyone interacting with teens could…
• Model healthy behaviors
• Recognize red flags
• Listen to teens without judging when they ask for help
• Be supportive, and avoid criticizing their dating partner
• Be aware of resources that can help teens being bullied or involved in abusive relationships
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What if you find a teen is being victimized?
Brainstorm with teens – who to call, where to go if in imminent danger, what they should take with them– Encourage them:• To tell parents or family members if there is someone they are
afraid of• To try not to be alone with their partner- go out in public
places, try to always keep a cell phone on them, let other’s know where they are • If they’re breaking up, don’t break up in person/alone• To always tell an adult or someone who can help if someone
threatens violence
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What if you find a teen is being victimized online?
• Change passwords & block access to social networking• Don’t respond or retaliate to online harassment • Keep a record of any harassing messages, posts or comments
– Save the documents/emails– Take screenshots
Safety Plan
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Remember:
It’s ok if you don’t have all the answers – be honest and offer to help find out the facts together
Lil Wayne How to Love
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Resources- Teen Dating Violence
• National Teen Dating Abuse Hotline: 1-866-331-9474, www.loveisrespect.org
• National Domestic Violence Hotline: 1-800-799-SAFE (7233)
• National Sexual Assault Hotline: 1-800-656-HOPE (4673)
• National Center for Victims of Crime: www.ncvc.org
• Nat’l Youth Violence Prevention Resource Center:
www.safeyouth.org
• Choose Respect Initiative: www.cdc.gov/chooserespect
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Resources- Teen Dating Violence
• Safe Dates: Prevention program for dating abuse http://www.crimesolutions.gov/ProgramDetails.aspx?ID=142
• Healthy Relationships curriculum http://www.m4c.ns.ca/
• Futures Without Violence http://www.futureswithoutviolence.org/
• Safety Plans- www.endabuse.org and www.ndvh.org
• Respect Works! http://www.respect-works.com/
• www.commonsensemedia.com
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Resources- Bullying/Cyberbullying
• Programs for peer leaders in schools www.sourcesofstrength.org• Stop Bullying Now: www.stopbullying.hrsa.gov• A Thin Line: www.athinline.org/drawyourline• STRYVE: Striving to Reduce Youth Violence Everywhere:
www.safeyouth.gov• Teens Against Bullying: www.pacerteensagainstbullying.org• Kids Against Bullying: www.pacerkidsagainstbullying.org• Stop Bullying: Speak Up:
http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/promotion_landing_page/stopbullying/index.html
• Youth Frontiers: www.youthfrontiers.org• Bully Bust: www.schoolclimate.org/bullybust• Bi-Annual event to STAND up against bullying www.standupday.com • LGBTQ bullying support www.itgetsbetter.org
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Resources- Bullying/Cyberbullying
• Olweus Bullying Prevention Program: www.olweus.org• New website launched by the US government launched in March of this
year www.stopbullying.gov• Parent guidebook http://www.onguardonline.gov/topics/net-cetera.aspx• State Policies on bullying www.nasbe.org/healthy_schools/hs/index.php• State of Massachusetts model plan for school policy on bullying
www.doe.mass.edu/bullying/modelplan.pdf• Center For Safe and Responsible Internet Use: www.cyberbullying.org• National Crime Prevention Council: www.ncpc.org• PACER Center-National Center for Bullying Prevention:
www.pacer.org/bullying• PBS Kids GO http://pbskids.org/itsmylife/ • American School Counselor bullying report form
Questions?
More training opportunitieswww.choa.org/cptraining
Amber [email protected] Kara Klein [email protected] 75
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“This project was supported in part by the Governor’s Office for Children and Families through the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Community Based Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CFDA 93.590). Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the Governor’s Office for Children and Families or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Community Based Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CFDA 93.590)."