the role of vegetation in reduce global

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THE ROLE OF VEGETATION INREDUCE GLOBAL WARMING

( GREEN HOUSE EFFECT )

By:

1. RIRIS RIAS RESTIKA (093204003)

2. CININTA PINASTIKA (093204023)

3. NUR RIZQI AKHFIANI (093204028)

INTERNATIONAL CLASS 2009

BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF MATH AND SCIENCE

SURABAYA STATE UNIVERSITY

SURABAYA-2010


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CHAPTER I

I.BACKGROUND

At 1990 untill 2000 was the warmest year. The increase in global temperaturethat is not fair is known as global warming or that we are familiar with the term globalwarming. (source: kampanye Earth Crisis, WWF Indonesia dalam jawa pos hari selasaapril 22, 2009)

Global warming is the phenome of global temperature rise due to increasinggreenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have increase due to an air

pollutants. Some of the material-gas pollution in the form of greenhouse gasses such as

carbon dioxide, methane, and ozon.A part of these global warming is the impact of human activities. But the main

impact of this is global climate change will lead to such global temperature rise,increase sea levels, decreased agricultural crops and fisheries, biodiversity changes anddeath in human.

Planting trees in a large scale can not even keep the overall rate of addition of greenhouse gasses into the atmosphire. Despit this increase in tree planting by eachstate will slow the accumulation of gas-greenhouse gasses.

II. PROBLEM

How does the plant affect the temperature of the air?

III. PURPOSE

- To know how does the plant affect the temperature of the air,

- To understand the role of plant in reduce global warming.


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CHAPTER II

THEORIES

While some would call global warming atheory, others would call it a proven set of facts.Opinions differ vehemently. Let us consider globalwarming to be both a premise that the environmentof the world as we know it is slowly, but very surelyincreasing in overall air and water temperature, anda promise that if whatever is causing this trend is notinterrupted or challenged life on earth willdynamically be affected.

The prevailing counter opinion is that all that is presently perceived to be globalwarming is simply the result of a normal climactic swing in the direction of increasedtemperature. Many proponents of this global warming ideology have definitive socialand financial interests in these claims.

Global warming and climate change are aspects of our environment that cannot be easily or quickly discounted. Many factions still strongly feel that the changes our Earth is seeing are the result of a natural climatic adjustment. Regardless of ones

perspective the effects of global warming are a quantifiable set of environmental resultsthat are in addition to any normal changes in climate. That is why the effects of global

warming have catastrophic potential. Global warming may well be the straw that breaksthe camels back. It could turn out to be the difference between a category threehurricane and a category four. Global warming as caused by greenhouse gas emissionscan lead us to a definite imbalance of nature.

The premise of global warming as an issue of debate is that industrial growthcoupled with non-structured methods we as humans use to sustain ourselves has createda situation where our planet is getting progressively hotter. We have seeminglynegatively effected our environment by a cycle of harmful processes that now seem to

be feeding upon themselves to exponentially increase the damage to our ecosystem.

Let us start our examination of Global warming with a study of its causes. Globalwarming is an overall state of existence that is the cumulative effect of hundreds of environmental factors. All of these join together in both a linear and random model toshow global warming as a chain of events.

Most modern attention to the problem of global warming began with discussionof depletion of the Earths Ozone layer. Ozone (O3) is a molecular form of Oxygen.The Ozone layer is a relatively thin strata of these molecules set in the lower portion of the Earths stratosphere.Depletion of the Earths Ozone layer has resulted in a large increase in Ultra VioletRadiation reaching the surface of the earth. Does this increase in UV rays equate toglobal warming? Not really. In fact most scientific opinion is that depletion of theOzone layer results in cooling of both the stratosphere and troposphere. So why


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mention depletion of the Ozone layer as regards to global warming? Because itrepresents a needed balance between harmful radiation being allowed to reach theearths surface and our desire to stem the rapid increase in our air and water

temperature. Remember, we are viewing globalwarming as a chain of events.

The primary cause of global warming isCarbon Dioxide emissions. CO2 is being

pumped into our atmosphere at an insane pace; 8 billion tons of CO2 entered the air last year. Of course some of this is due to natural activity suchas volcanic eruptions and people breathing. Butthe Earth is equipped to easily absorb those intothe normal regenerative process. No, the

beginning of global warming was caused by fossil fuels being burned and emitting plenty of CO2.

Currently in the world 40% of all CO2 emissions are caused by power plants.These are burning coal, natural gas and diesel fuel. Some power plants burn garbage.Some burn methane made from garbage. And discounting those super green electricalgenerating plants designed to issue negligible pollutants, all of our power plants letloose into the atmosphere CO2.

33% of all the CO2 sent forth is the product of cars and trucks. Internal combustionengines burning fossil fuelsgasoline and diesel spew forth a retching amount of CO2.

3.5% of all CO2 emissions are released from aircraft traveling our friendly skies.Unfortunately, jets and other aircraft deliver their payload of pollutants directly into thetroposphere.

12% of all CO2 released into the atmosphere is related to buildings. This figure variesfrom one source to the next. Some place the percentage of emissions from buildings ashigh as 33%. What most of these figures do not address is the actual cause of the CO2emissions. In newly constructed buildings, production of materials used in building andenergy used during construction are sited as the cause of carbon dioxide emissions. Inexisting buildings the CO2 created by the energy upkeep of the building is the root of the emissions quotient. The general comparison is that buildings consume energy in the

way that cars burn fuel. But the pollutants created in providing power for heating, air-conditioning, lights and other usage in buildings has already been factored. Honestlythis double billing accounting is more the product of auto manufacturers looking to

point the blame for global warming away from gas guzzling cars.

The point to remember is that 98% of all CO2 emissions are related to energy production and 80% of these emissions become greenhouse gases.


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Which now mentioned allows us to follow our chain of events leading to global warming into thenext most defined cause Methane gas. Methane isreleased into the atmosphere from a dozen major sources. These include natural and man made

emissions. Natural release of Methane is primarilyfrom wetlands, (including agriculture) termites, theocean, and hydrates. Non-organic releases are basedfrom, landfills, livestock, waste treatment, and

biomass burning. (More energy production). Almostall of this is offset by the Earths ability to absorbaround 97% of the methane released into the air. But

that remaining 3% is a serious problem. The molecular structure of Methane makes it20 times as powerful a Greenhouse gas than CO2. So while there is a great deal lessMethane to contend with than CO2, it is still the second largest link in the globalwarming events chain. Not every Greenhouse gas is as obvious a villain as Methane.The next most potent problem is simple H2O water. How can water be a cause of globalwarming? Our atmosphere contains a set parameter of water as vapor. This vapor absorbs and radiates heat as does every molecule in the air. But when the lower atmosphere (troposphere) has excess water vapor that gaseous H2O is a potentgreenhouse gas.

Another of the more commonplace greenhouse gases is Nitrous Oxide. NO2 can makeyour car go faster, or make you relax at the dentist. It has quite few beneficial uses. Butas a greenhouse gas all it manages to accomplish is to be one more ingredient in outatmospheric soup. Cars using catalytic converters, fertilizer plants, manufacture of nylon, and nitric acid as well as being produced naturally in our oceans and rain forests,

produce Nitrous Oxide.

All of the above plus quite a few other greenhouse gases comprise the foundation of global warming. As above and in all discussion of global warming they arecumulatively referred to as greenhouse gases. To understand the importance of these asthe start and endpoint of global warming we must digress into a brief explanation of thegreenhouse effect.

Obviously there is no one magic solution to the problem of global warming. There areinstead hundreds of questions that need to be asked and addressed so as to create anoverall Earth plan that will develop our planet wisely. The changes we can make, bothlarge and small when combined will curtail global warming for the better. In thissection we discuss the latest green designs, products and ideas as yet undeveloped thatwill reduce environmental damage overall.

We plan to offer honest value comparisons of products such as hybrid cars. If thecarbon footprint made from producing a hybrid is ten times larger than that it erases it isnews that should be shared. Compact florescent lights are great energy savers but are allof these exactly what they claim to be? And furthermore will light emitting diodes

render CFLs obsolete before they are universally adapted.


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As always the future holds a newer and possibly better design. We will be bringing youarticles examining what will come and those products that are already available butawait widespread acceptance. Developments in mass renewable energy production insuch areas as solar and wind power are of interest to all. We will also be looking back at

past successful use of these energy choices. Zenith sold tiny windmills in the late 1930s

that would charge a car battery that in turn would run a radio for days. Has thetechnological upgrade been utilized.

We will find solutions to the problem of global warming by asking countless questionsabout the processes we rely upon to live. We answer these questions on a personal level

by changing the habits, which build each of our carbon footprints and on a global level by insisting that social and governmental structure acknowledge the need for environmental protection.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.wikipedia.com

www.globalwarming.com

www.thinkquest.com
http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.globalwarming.com/http://www.thinkquest.com/http://www.wikipedia.com/http://www.globalwarming.com/http://www.thinkquest.com/


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CHAPTER 4

DATA AND ANALYZE

From the experiment, we got the data below.

GROUP TIMEINITIALTEMPERATURE PLASTIC A PLASTIC B

110 MINUTES

34C38C 42C

20 MINUTES 39C 40C30 MINUTES 39C 41C

AVERAGE 38.7C 41C

210 MINUTES

40C38C 42C


AVERAGE 37.3C 41C

310 MINUTES

20C38C 41C


AVERAGE 37.3C 40.3C

410 MINUTES

31C41C 43C


AVERAGE 39C 41.3C

510 MINUTES

10C40C 42C


AVERAGE 39.3C 41.3C

Note:

Plastic A : With plants.

Plastic B : Without plants.

From the table above, we know that the plastic A( with plants) have lower temperature than plastic B ( without plants). All of group can show it. As we know, that it isone of green house experiment, the plants in plastic jar A can absorb the Carbon dioxide thatexist in the plastic jar, they convert the carbon dioxide become oxigen and water. Carbondioxide is one of green house gass which can increase temperature of air, if the plant canabsorb it, so the quantities of carbon dioxide will decrease, whereas the oxigen and water which produced by plant can minimalize the temperature, it causes the temperature will belower. In minutes 10 go to minutes 20 and 30, the temperature decrease because the productof oxigen and water are higher, so that the temperature decrease.


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Whereas, in plastic jar B there is no plant which can absorb carbon dioxide andconvert it, so that the quantities of carbon dioxide will increase continually and temperaturewill higher continually.

The plastic jar is drawn as atmosphere of our earth, it is an example of greenhouse,

they can permits sunlight go into the plastic jar. The sunlight energy is electromagneticradiation which come from the sun that has many different of wavelength. Radiation of short-wavelength from sun cross the plastic jar, most of the energy absorbed of ground and wall of

plastic jar. The radiation of long-wavelength , called infrared radiation ( heat wave), thatreleased by the ground and wall of plastic jar. Radiation of short-wavelength which cross the

plastic jar, then changes become long-wavelength or heat wave, most of them absorbed bywater steam and carbon dioxide at the lowest atmosphere. Then the gas ,return most of thisheat wave within the plastic jar, so that the temperature in the plastic jar occurs increasecontinually.

From the table, we can see that the temperature in plactic B ( of all group), show that

in minutes 20 and go to minutes 30, the temperature is decrease. It should be increase, butthere is light intensity factor which influence the temperature.


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CHAPTER


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CHAPTER 4

DATA AND ANALYZE

I. DATA

From our experiment, we got the data below.

Table.I ( Our group )

Name of PlasticTime ( Minute )

Initial 10 20 30

Plastic A 34C 38C 39C 39C

Plastic B 34C 42C 40C 41C

Table.II ( All group data )

GROUP TIMEINITIAL

TEMPERATURE PLASTIC A PLASTIC B

110 Minutes

34C38C 42C

20 Minutes 39C 40C30 Minutes 39C 41C

Average 38.7C 41C

210 Minutes

40C38C 42C


Average 37.3C 41C

310 Minutes

20C38C 41C


Average 37.3C 40.3C

410 Minutes

31C41C 43C


Average 39C 41.3C

510 Minutes

10C40C 42C


Average 39.3C 41.3C


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Note:

Plastic A : With plants.

Plastic B : Without plants.

II. ANALYZE

In our greenhouse experiments, sample that we used is from plastic tube. We usedtwo different samples. In sample A we put the plants in a test tube. While the sample B doesnot. We got the initial temperature of 34 C in each sample. After the first 10 minutes, thetemperature in the sample A is 38 C, while temperatures in the sample B is 42 C. After 10minutes second, the temperature in the sample A is 39 C while the temperature in thesample B is 40 C. After the third minutes, the temperature in the sample A is 39 C thenthe temperature in sample B is 41 C.

III. DISCUSSION

From the table above, we know that the plastic B ( without plants ) have higher

temperature than plastic A ( with plants). Why this is can be happen? Firstly we must look at

our manipulate variable,in here is there are vegetation or not. The plastic A that have

vegetation inside have more lower tempertur because some factor

The incoming sunlight into an existing plastic plants, some will be used by plants and

partly reflected back toward the plastic.

The plants in plastic jar A can absorb the Carbon dioxide that exist in the plastic jar

Oxigen and water steam that have produce from photosynthesis raction can reduce the

heat that occurs

But, in plastic B there is no plant which can absorb incoming sunlight, carbon

dioxide, or produce water steam, so the temperature will be up.

Experiment this time is look likes greenhouse effect that occuer in our planet. Not all

of heat radiation at the earth from the sun ( electromagnetic radiation ) is absorbed by the

earth . Some radiation is reflected by the objects on the earth's surface into space. Heatradiation reflected back into space is infrared radiation. This can make two possibility. First,


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that radiation go out from the earth and the second this radiation will be reflected back by

greenhouse gasses ( like CO 2 gass ). This condition causes the earth's surface temperature

increases. With the plants growing in the earth carbon dioxide gas can be reduced because

plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis process. In our experiment there are some

problem like the uncertain of sun sine. This is make plastic in all group in minutes 20 and

go to minutes 30, the temperature is decrease.

BAB II


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KAJIAN TEORI

A. Tumbuhan Hijau

Tumbuhan melakukan proses fotosintetis dimana merupakan suatu proses

pembentukan bahan organik dari bahan anorganik dengan bantuan cahaya

matahari. Persamaan reaksi fotosintesis :

6CO 2 + 12H 2O C 6H12 O 6 + 6H 2O + 6O 2

Fotosintetis merupakan proses yang dilakukan oleh tumbuhan hijau dalammenggunakan energi cahaya matahari untuk mengubah karbon dioksida dan

air menjadi gula sederhana.

B. Efek rumah kaca

Greenhouse effect, which was first proposed by Joseph Fourier in 1824

is a process of heating the surface of a heavenly body (especially the

planet or satellites) is caused by the composition and state of the

atmosphere.

The greenhouse effect can be used to refer to two different things: the natural

greenhouse effect which occurs naturally in the earth, and the enhanced greenhouse

effect that occurred due to human activities (see also global warming). Yang belakang

diterima oleh semua; yang pertama diterima kebanyakan oleh ilmuwan, meskipun ada

beberapa perbedaan pendapat. The rear accepted by all; the first accepted by mostscientists, although there are some differences of opinion.
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