the role of women in social entrepreneurship professor elisabeth sundin linköpings universitet...
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The Role of Women in Social Entrepreneurship
Professor Elisabeth SundinLinköpings universitet
Östersund den 2 oktober 2013
• Introduction and key-questions• Well-fare regimes and the position of the civil sector and
social enterpreneurship• Changes in the well-fare regimes• Organizational settings for social intentions• The Swedish case• Capital and trust• Conclusion
The position of women in society• Gender segregation in all societies but• Great differences
• The female label of the social (?)
• Women – female - femininity
2013-10-02 The Role of Women in EntrepreneurshipElisabeth Sundin
Women are everywhere to a lower extent than men small business owners and considered to be less entrepreneurial than men
2013-10-02 The role of women in social entrepreneurshipElisabeth Sundin
• The male label of entrepreneurship and• Gender segregation in the SME-sector and in E-ship
Is the male label of entrepreneurship stronger than the female label of the social?
Are social enterprises less gender segregated than other organizations?
Are social initiatives less gendered than other initiativesAre social engagement gendered
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2013-10-02 The Role of women in social entrepreneurshopElisabeth Sundin
Well-fare regimes
• Liberal• Conservative• Socal democratic
(Esping-Andersen; Mahon; emphasizing child and elderly care)
2013-10-02 The role of women in social entrepreneurshipElisabeth Sundin
2012-10-02 The role of women in social entrepreneurshipElisabeth Sundin
Market State
Civil Society
Including family?
The social entrepreneurship andits positioning internationally
2012-10-02 The role of women in social entrepreneurshipElisabeth Sundin
Market State
Civil Society
UK
EuropeanSocial
Democraties
Asia
Eastern Europe
LatinAmerica
Nicholls (2006) New Models of Sustainable Social Change, p.5.
GEM: Social entrepreneurship is entrepreneurship with a social purpose
• Factor driven: Elementary needs, Health, Water, Sanitary
• Innovation driven:Culture, Handicapped, Disabled, Environment, Nature, Open-source
2013-10-02 The Role of women in social entrepreneurshiopElisabeth Sundin
More classifications possible
Purpose
Social/Ecological Economical
Actor
Collective
Individual
Civic E-shipTripplehelix
CSR
Social economy
Trad. Social E-shipCommunity E-ship
Social E-ship
Traditional E-ship
Activist E-ship
Public E-ship
Figure: Concepts related to Social Entreprenurship.(Gawell, Johansson & Lundqvist 2009)
BusinessOwner
Corporate Enrepreneur
Public SectorEntrepreneur
SocialEntrepreneur
Motive Freedom Goal-oriented Power, not limited to profit motives
Social
Time-horizon 5–10 years 3–15 years 10–15 years
Knowledge Enterprising Technical Political/Power
View of the system
Frustrating Manipulative Re-design Restructuring
Fokus External Internal andExternal
Co-opt, External powers for Internal goals
Risk Financial Career Organizational
Källa: Zerbinati & Souitaris
2013-10-02 The role of women in social entrepreneurship Elisabeth Sundin
Organizations and sectors are connected – so changes in one have consequences in others
Example – start with NPM (New Public Management in the public sector
2013-10-02 The role of women in the social sectorElisabeth Sundin
New Public Management
• Introduction of private-style management• Measures of performance• Greater emphasis on output control• Disaggregation of units• Internal competition
• Gives consequences inside the public sector but also in the other sectors
2013-10-02 The role of women in social entreprenerushipElisabeth Sundin
Changes in the public sector and social entrepreneurship
• Inside the public sector– ”Street level” bureaucrats – less initiatives allowed– Managers – more power– Professions – less power and less initiatives allowed
• .. Less public sector entrepreneurship
2013-10-02 The role of women in the social sectorElisabeth Sundin
Changes in the private sector and social entrepreneurship
• Inside the private sector the public sector an expanding market
But also – Corporate Social Responsibility– Small firms challenged by the social sector?
2013-10-02 The role of women in the social sectorElisabeth Sundin
Changes in the civil sector and social organizations
• Adapt to NPM
• Compete with CSR
• New areas due to shortcomings in the other
2013-10-02 The role of women in the social sectorElisabeth Sundin
Organizational settings for social intentions
• Social engagement • Social initiatives• Social enterprises
Social engagement in Sweden
• Gender division of activities – Sport– Housing– Hierarchy – More men than women!
•
2013-10-02 The role of women in social entrepreneurshipElisabeth Sundin
Social initiatives
For women For men
By women Shelters for battered women
Lower levels at the Salvation Army
By men Philantropists Crisis centras for men
Social enterprises
• The failure of the market and the ”state”• Groups with disadvantages like immigrants and disabled• Sex and gender of minor importance
2013-10-02 The role of women in social entrepreneurshipElisabeth Sundin
Social entrepreneurship needs different forms of capital:
2013-10-02 The role of women in the social sectorElisabeth Sundin
• Financial capital • Social capital• Human capital
• Of relevance in all kinds of contexts• To what extent can they, as well as trust, be translated?• There are gender-dimensions in all kinds of capital
So the position and role of women in social activites as well as in social entrepreneurshipis a mirror of the role of women in society
2013-10-02 The role of women in social entreprenurshipElisabeth Sundin
2013-10-02 The role of women in social entreprenurshipElisabeth Sundin
Indelning enligt GEM 2009
Entrepreneur
Investors
Employees
Suppliers Customers
Globalcommunity
Agent-principlemodel
Marketingmodel
Cooperative / franchisemodel
‘Fair-trade’model
Localcommunity
LocalGovernmentmodel
NGO model
Charitymodel
2013-10-02 The role of women in social entrepreneurship Elisabeth Sundin