The Romantic AgeThe Romantic Age

Values of RomanticismValues of Romanticism

Rejection of: simplicity, proportion and Rejection of: simplicity, proportion and restraint.restraint.

Romantics valued: Romantics valued:

Feeling, Intuition, Passion, Imagination, Feeling, Intuition, Passion, Imagination, SpontaneitySpontaneity

Revolutions and RightsRevolutions and Rights

1776-- American Revolution1776-- American Revolution

1789-- French Revolution1789-- French Revolution

Democracy, republicanism, equality before Democracy, republicanism, equality before the lawthe law

Congresses, presidencies, constitutions--Congresses, presidencies, constitutions--results of those conflictsresults of those conflicts

The Revolution in AmericaThe Revolution in America

American colonists’ resentment of British American colonists’ resentment of British controlcontrol

Declaration of Independence, 1776Declaration of Independence, 1776

Principles of Enlightenment--John Locke’s Principles of Enlightenment--John Locke’s Treatise on Civil GovernmentTreatise on Civil Government

Thomas Jefferson: equality, civil rights and Thomas Jefferson: equality, civil rights and popular sovereignty from popular sovereignty from philosophesphilosophes

Federalist Papers: Federalist Papers: authority of state; rights of authority of state; rights of individual--did not address slaveryindividual--did not address slavery

The Revolution in FranceThe Revolution in France

Louis XVI: Middle class delegates: “Oath Louis XVI: Middle class delegates: “Oath of the Tennis Court”of the Tennis Court”July 14: Bastille prison attachedJuly 14: Bastille prison attachedDeclaration of the Rights of Man and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen-- from Rousseau’s thoughtsCitizen-- from Rousseau’s thoughtsLiberte, Egalite, FraterniteLiberte, Egalite, Fraternite1793, beheading of monarchs1793, beheading of monarchsReign of Terror beganReign of Terror began

The Napoleonic EraThe Napoleonic Era

1799--disillusioned citizens1799--disillusioned citizens

New hero: Napoleon BonaparteNew hero: Napoleon Bonaparte

Dreams of imperial gloryDreams of imperial glory

Crowned himself emperor in 1804Crowned himself emperor in 1804

Campaign to conquer EuropeCampaign to conquer Europe

Defeated in 1814 at WaterlooDefeated in 1814 at Waterloo

Imprisoned for the rest of his life in St. HelenaImprisoned for the rest of his life in St. Helena

Napoleon and the ArtsNapoleon and the Arts

Imitated Roman emperors--Paris imperial Imitated Roman emperors--Paris imperial capital like Romecapital like Rome

Power advertised by arts and buildingsPower advertised by arts and buildings

Louvre--museum to pieces stolen from Louvre--museum to pieces stolen from conquered countriesconquered countries

Triumphal arches and columnsTriumphal arches and columns

La Madeleine--Greek templeLa Madeleine--Greek temple

Jacques-Louis David--Painter to the Jacques-Louis David--Painter to the EmpireEmpireCoronation scene and equestrian paintingCoronation scene and equestrian paintingBenoist’s Benoist’s Portrait of a Black WomanPortrait of a Black WomanCounterpoint to Canova’s sculpture of Counterpoint to Canova’s sculpture of Napoleon’s sister as VenusNapoleon’s sister as Venus

Colonial RevolutionariesColonial Revolutionaries

1793--Toussaint L’Ouverture led Haiti’s 1793--Toussaint L’Ouverture led Haiti’s revolt against the French--Napoleon revolt against the French--Napoleon imprisoned him.imprisoned him.

Simon Bolivar--wanted to create a United Simon Bolivar--wanted to create a United States of South America. Obtained States of South America. Obtained freedom for Venezuela, Colombia and freedom for Venezuela, Colombia and Peru.Peru.

The Romantic HeroThe Romantic Hero

Romantics preferred feeling and Romantics preferred feeling and imagination to intellect and reason. imagination to intellect and reason. Attracted to the picturesque in nature and Attracted to the picturesque in nature and the past; prized creativity and cast off the past; prized creativity and cast off neoclassical restraint and laws.neoclassical restraint and laws.

1775-18501775-1850

BeethovenBeethoven

Suffering romantic geniusSuffering romantic genius

Deafness at 25Deafness at 25

Pianist in Vienna, able to sell his Pianist in Vienna, able to sell his compositionscompositions

Symphony No. 3 Symphony No. 3 Eroica Eroica was the bridge was the bridge between Classical style and romantic stylebetween Classical style and romantic style

Added piccolo and trombone to the Added piccolo and trombone to the symphonic orchestrasymphonic orchestra

Symphony Number 5 in C MinorSymphony Number 5 in C Minor

Confrontation with fate: “Fate knocking at Confrontation with fate: “Fate knocking at the door”the door”

Motif: Term for short musical ideaMotif: Term for short musical idea

Musical VirtuososMusical Virtuosos

Paganini: violinPaganini: violin

Chopin: pianoChopin: piano

Schumann: Songs and symphoniesSchumann: Songs and symphonies

Clara Schumann: Lieder (songs)Clara Schumann: Lieder (songs)

Brahms: symphoniesBrahms: symphonies

Goethe and FaustGoethe and Faust

FaustFaust: romantic masterpiece drama in two : romantic masterpiece drama in two partsparts

Delacroix illustrated a French translationDelacroix illustrated a French translation

Schubert composed songs Schubert composed songs

Gounod: opera Gounod: opera Faust: Faust: Ambition to burst Ambition to burst all human constraint and indulge all human constraint and indulge unquenched desire for experienceunquenched desire for experience

Delacroix and the Byronic HeroDelacroix and the Byronic Hero

French more attracted to sensuality of French more attracted to sensuality of Lord Byron: Lord Byron: Don Juan, Don Juan, life of sexual life of sexual freedom, political idealism and exotic freedom, political idealism and exotic travel.travel.Intellectual and moral freedomIntellectual and moral freedomEugene Delacroix rebelled against the Eugene Delacroix rebelled against the academyacademyColor, drama and exotic themesColor, drama and exotic themes

Death of Sardanapalus Death of Sardanapalus andand Liberty Leading the PeopleLiberty Leading the People

Orgy of egoism, violence and sexualityOrgy of egoism, violence and sexuality

When threatened by rebellion he destroys When threatened by rebellion he destroys his possessions and himselfhis possessions and himself

Revolution of 1830 overthrew the Bourbon Revolution of 1830 overthrew the Bourbon king king

Unity of the classesUnity of the classes

Elements of RomanticismElements of Romanticism

Heroic individualism: Heroic individualism: FaustFaust and Lord Byron and Lord Byron

Protest against political and social injusticeProtest against political and social injustice

Attraction for nature and medieval timesAttraction for nature and medieval times

Fascination with evil and the exoticFascination with evil and the exotic

Sensibility that responded to historical Sensibility that responded to historical circumstancescircumstances

Romantic Social Protest: Romantic Social Protest: William BlakeWilliam Blake

Sympathetic observer of those enslaved Sympathetic observer of those enslaved by the industrial cityby the industrial city

Condemned the ills of urban existenceCondemned the ills of urban existence

Romantic FeminismRomantic Feminism

Mary Wollstonecraft: Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the A Vindication of the Rights of Women Rights of Women : Compared women to : Compared women to soldierssoldiersRevolutions did not liberate women. Revolutions did not liberate women. Napoleon’s legal code denied women the Napoleon’s legal code denied women the right to hold property right to hold property Western nations did not allow women to Western nations did not allow women to votevote

Goya and SpainGoya and Spain

Goya’s paintings depicted the senseless Goya’s paintings depicted the senseless brutality of warbrutality of war

Executions of the Third of May 1808Executions of the Third of May 1808

Christ-like martyr in whiteChrist-like martyr in white

Lamp: enlightenment (irony)Lamp: enlightenment (irony)

The Sleep of Reason Brings Forth The Sleep of Reason Brings Forth Monsters, Monsters, Romantic fascination with evilRomantic fascination with evil

The Romantics and NatureThe Romantics and Nature

Romantic landscapesRomantic landscapes

Constable: Constable: The Hay Wain The Hay Wain rustic rustic landscapeslandscapes

Turner: Turner: The Slave Ship Rain, Steam and The Slave Ship Rain, Steam and Speed: The Great Western RailwaySpeed: The Great Western Railway

Effects of fog and smokeEffects of fog and smoke

Romantic ExotismRomantic Exotism

Middle classes become strongMiddle classes become strongDrawn to exotic and grotesqueDrawn to exotic and grotesqueColonies overseas: Africa and AsiaColonies overseas: Africa and AsiaFascination with Arabic customs and dressFascination with Arabic customs and dressIngres: Disciple of David--Ingres: Disciple of David--The TurkishThe Turkish BathBathClassical figuresClassical figures

Berlioz’s Symphonie Berlioz’s Symphonie FantastiqueFantastique

Innovated with program music Innovated with program music (composition that tells a story or describes (composition that tells a story or describes a place)a place)Story of Irish actress who rejected himStory of Irish actress who rejected himFifth movement: musician is dead and his Fifth movement: musician is dead and his beloved joins the celebration in a witches’ beloved joins the celebration in a witches’ dancedanceThe macabreThe macabre

The Romantic NovelThe Romantic Novel

Fascination with evil and the demonic: Fascination with evil and the demonic: The Gothic novelThe Gothic novel

Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe

Charlotte and Emily BronteCharlotte and Emily Bronte

Mary Shelley’s Mary Shelley’s FrankensteinFrankenstein

Hero who suffers a conflict between his Hero who suffers a conflict between his God-like ambitions and moral blindnessGod-like ambitions and moral blindness