The Russian Revolution

Chapter 30

Mrs. Cohen

Russia-Review

Mongol

Rule

Russia Under the Czars

Byzantine Influence

Boyars

Today’s Special:

Russian Revolution!

Ingredients:

Czarist Rule

Russo-Japanese War

World War I

Urban Workers

Peasant Unrest

Ideas of Marx

Leadership of Lenin

Bloody Sunday

•Autocracy-ruler has unlimited power

•Resistance to Change

Alexander II

1856-1881

• Moves Russia toward modernization and social change

• Freed serfs

• Redistributed land

•CensorshipCensorship

•Secret PoliceSecret Police

•Political PrisonersPolitical Prisoners

•Pogroms-JewsPogroms-Jews

Alexander III

1881-1894

Nicholas II & Alexandra

1894-1917

•Economic GrowthEconomic Growth

•Trans-Siberian Trans-Siberian RailwayRailway

•Growth of Growth of revolutionary revolutionary movements: Why?movements: Why?

•Russo-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War (1905)(1905)

•1914 Russia enters 1914 Russia enters WWIWWI

(“Nicholas & War )(“Russo-Japanese War” 1:2323)

Rasputin•Self-proclaimed “holy man”

•Mysterious healing powers-Seemed to be the only person who could heal the heir to the throne (hemophilia)

•To show gratitude Czarina allowed him to make key political decisions

•Murder 1916 by a group of nobles who feared his increasing role in government affairs

Bloody SundayJanuary 22, 1905

•St. Petersburg-Czar’s Winter Palace

•200,000 workers gathered asking for better working conditions

•Czar’s generals fired on the unarmed crowd

•More than 1,000 were wounded and several hundred killed

Bloody Sunday 1:12

Impact of Bloody Impact of Bloody SundaySunday

•Why were Russians outraged?Why were Russians outraged?

•Led to creation of the Duma-Russia’s first Led to creation of the Duma-Russia’s first ParliamentParliament

•Duma’s intent-Move Russia towards Duma’s intent-Move Russia towards Constitutional Monarchy such as Britain. Constitutional Monarchy such as Britain.

•Czar dissolved after 10 weeks. Why?Czar dissolved after 10 weeks. Why?

   

(“1905 Factory Strike” 1:02)

The March Revolution

•March, 1917

•200,000 workers called for the Czar to step down

•Soldiers sided with the protesters-created general uprising

•Czar Nicholas steps down

•A year later revolutionaries murder Czar and family-end of 300 year czarist rule

•Duma creates provisional government

Lenin

Marxism-ideology that followed ideas of Karl Marx. Main idea; working class (proletariat) would overthrow the Czar and the working class would rule.

Exiled to Germany-Studies Marxism

Returns to Russia-1917

Leader of Bolsheviks-Bolsheviks a radical revolutionary group who were willing to sacrifice everything for change

Motto: “Peace, Land, & Bread”

Lenin & the Bolsheviks 2:26

Bolshevik RevolutionA.K.A. The November Revolution

•November 1917-armed factory workers overthrew provisional government

•Within days, Lenin and Bolsheviks seized power

•Lenin redistributed all farmland to the peasants

•The Bolshevik Government signed a truce with Germany and began peace talks

Lenin Takes Control 5:01

Russian Civil War

•Upset: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed which gave Germany a large chunk of Russian territory. Angered Russian citizens and factions developed (one for reestablishment of Czar others for Bolsheviks)

•14 million Russian’s died

•3 year engagement

•Bolsheviks win-Red Army

Changes…•Lenin restores Russian economy (NEP: New Economic Policy)

•Rename Bolsheviks the Communist Party

•Rename Russia-USSR (Soviet Union)

•Lenin has stroke (1922)

•Power struggle between Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin

•Stalin wins and rules as dictator

Lenin’s Rebuilding of Russia 2:36

Social Structure

Czarist Rule

Rise of Bolsheviks

Land

Working Conditions

Poverty

WWI

Check Point…

TOTALITARIANISM

State Control of Individuals

Methods of Enforcement

Modern TechnologyState

Control of Society

Dictatorship & One-Party Rule

Dynamic Leader

Ideology•Sets goals of the state•Glorifies aims of the state•Justifies gov’t. actions

•Demands loyalty•Denies basic liberties•Excepts personal sacrifice for good of state

•Police terror•Indoctrination•Censorship•Persecution

•Mass communication spread propaganda

•Advanced military weapons•Business -Youth Groups

•Labor - Arts•Housing -Personal Life•Education -Religion

•Exercises absolute authority

•Dominates the gov’t.

•Unites people•Symbolizes gov’t. •Encourages popular support through force of will

Rise to Power:

•Between 1922 and1927 worked his way to head of govt. Used ruthless tactics.

•Gets rid of rival – Trotsky

•Builds a totalitarian state

•Women gain equal rights

JOSEPH STALIN

•Totalitarian- total, centralized control over every aspect of public and private life. •5 Year Plans- plans to increase HEAVY industry- quotes too high – leads to shortages!

•Collective Farms: Cause resistance among Kulaks (wealthy farmers) but SOME increase in agriculture

•Great Purge: 1934- eliminates anyone who threatens his power- uses terror.

•Forced Famine in Ukraine- crush resistance to collectivization- 7-10 million die!

Stalin’s Legacy:• By the mid-1930s, Stalin transformed the

Soviet Union into a political and industrial giant.

• He stood unopposed as dictator of his totalitarian state

• Total social control was achieved by terror

• Goes down in history as one of the world’s worst tyrants (kills millions of Russians whom he sees as a threat)

• Many believe that Stalin was paranoid-schizophrenic

Stalin 21:28

This cartoon from the Philadelphia Inquirer depicts the cause of the Russian Revolution of 1905 as a gigantic hammer of "oppression" that strikes the head of Tsar (here, "Czar") Nicholas II.  The effect, the cartoonist hopefully envisions, is to make Russia's authoritarian ruler see the stars of "liberty," "freedom," "constitution," and "parliament"; that is, to accept a constitutional monarchy.

Imperial Russia's social structure derided in an

anonymous cartoon of 1900 issued by

the Union of Russian Socialists.

The Tsar, the Priest and the Rich Man on the

Shoulders of the Labouring People,

coloured lithograph by A. Apsit, 1918.

The heavy burden on the Labouring People shows

clearly in this poster from 1918.   By this time the war (WWI) had really messed up

the food supply.  Soldiers were fighting, and not

tending the land, and a lot of property and supplies

were burnt in the war effort.  In addition, the

transportation system was lacking.

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A05E3DE1E30E233A25750C0A9659C946697D6CF