The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution Revolution in Russia was a main reason it Revolution in Russia was a main reason it

dropped out of the WWI in 1918dropped out of the WWI in 1918 Events as far back as the early 1800s led to Events as far back as the early 1800s led to

the final explosion in 1917the final explosion in 1917 1547-1917: Russia was ruled by a czar1547-1917: Russia was ruled by a czar Czar = Emperor or King, usually passed Czar = Emperor or King, usually passed

down by family heritage down by family heritage For most of the 1800s czars caused For most of the 1800s czars caused

widespread problems in Russiawidespread problems in Russia Czars and a small portion of society lived Czars and a small portion of society lived

well, but most were poorwell, but most were poor Czars treated peasants ruthlessly, exploiting Czars treated peasants ruthlessly, exploiting

(taking advantage) them for their own gains(taking advantage) them for their own gains Throughout the 1800s secret revolutionary Throughout the 1800s secret revolutionary

groups formed, including one that groups formed, including one that assassinated Alexander II in 1881assassinated Alexander II in 1881

Alexander III takes overAlexander III takes over In 1881, Alexander III took over for his In 1881, Alexander III took over for his

father as czarfather as czar Alexander II tried to make changes in Alexander II tried to make changes in

Russia, but his son put a halt to reformsRussia, but his son put a halt to reforms Anyone who questioned Alexander III, Anyone who questioned Alexander III,

Russian Orthodox religion, or spoke a Russian Orthodox religion, or spoke a different language than Russian was different language than Russian was targetedtargeted

Alexander III wanted to halt any chance Alexander III wanted to halt any chance of revolution so he censored of revolution so he censored (reviewed/edited) all written materials, (reviewed/edited) all written materials, including private lettersincluding private letters

His secret police carefully watched over His secret police carefully watched over anyone suspicious. Students were closely anyone suspicious. Students were closely monitoredmonitored

Threats were killed or sent to SiberiaThreats were killed or sent to Siberia

Alexander Attacks Alexander Attacks MinoritiesMinorities Alexander III made Russian the Alexander III made Russian the

official language of the empireofficial language of the empire The use of other languages was The use of other languages was

forbidden especially in schoolsforbidden especially in schools Jews became one of the main targets Jews became one of the main targets

of Alexanderof Alexander Jews could not buy land or live with Jews could not buy land or live with

other Russiansother Russians Universities could only accept a small Universities could only accept a small

# of Jewish students# of Jewish students Pogroms broke out in RussiaPogroms broke out in Russia Pogroms=organized violence against JewsPogroms=organized violence against Jews Police and soldiers did nothing as Police and soldiers did nothing as

Russian citizens looted & destroyed Russian citizens looted & destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, & Jewish homes, businesses, & synagogues synagogues

Russia Tries to IndustrializeRussia Tries to Industrialize Nicholas II became czar in 1894Nicholas II became czar in 1894 He pledged to remain strict, like dadHe pledged to remain strict, like dad However, the world was changing and However, the world was changing and

Russia had to adaptRussia had to adapt Russia saw a rise in factories, but still lagged Russia saw a rise in factories, but still lagged

behind the industrial nations of western behind the industrial nations of western EuropeEurope

Through higher taxes & foreign investments, Through higher taxes & foreign investments, Russian industries began to build upRussian industries began to build up

By 1900, Russia was 4th largest steel By 1900, Russia was 4th largest steel producer in the worldproducer in the world

In 1904, the Trans-Siberian Railway, the In 1904, the Trans-Siberian Railway, the largest continuous line, was completedlargest continuous line, was completed

This connected European Russia with ports This connected European Russia with ports in the Pacificin the Pacific

Industrialization Leads to Industrialization Leads to RevolutionRevolution

The quick industrialization of Russia The quick industrialization of Russia made the people even more upsetmade the people even more upset

With more and more factories came With more and more factories came more problemsmore problems

Citizens worked in poor conditions Citizens worked in poor conditions for little payfor little pay

They weren’t allowed to join unions They weren’t allowed to join unions to collectively negotiate for better to collectively negotiate for better conditionsconditions

Child labor was widespreadChild labor was widespread The gap between the rich factory The gap between the rich factory

owners & poor workers was wideowners & poor workers was wide Some people started thinking more Some people started thinking more

and more about a revolutionand more about a revolution

Marx Ideals lead RevolutionMarx Ideals lead Revolution The group that wanted revolution followed the The group that wanted revolution followed the

ideas of Karl Marxideas of Karl Marx Marx believed that in industrial societies, the Marx believed that in industrial societies, the

workers would eventually overthrow the czar and workers would eventually overthrow the czar and factory ownersfactory owners

The workers would then rule together splitting The workers would then rule together splitting the cost of production & profitsthe cost of production & profits

This form of economy is called communismThis form of economy is called communism In 1903, Russian Marxists split groupsIn 1903, Russian Marxists split groups Mensheviks-Mensheviks- wanted to get as many people as wanted to get as many people as

possible in the revolutionpossible in the revolution Bolsheviks-Bolsheviks- wanted only the committed few who wanted only the committed few who

were willing to sacrifice everything for changewere willing to sacrifice everything for change

Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin The leader of the Bolsheviks was The leader of the Bolsheviks was

Vladimir Ilyich UlyanovVladimir Ilyich Ulyanov He changed his name to Vladimir He changed his name to Vladimir

LeninLenin He had a likeable personality, but He had a likeable personality, but

he was ruthlesshe was ruthless This helped him rise to lead the This helped him rise to lead the

BolsheviksBolsheviks However, in the early 1900s Lenin However, in the early 1900s Lenin

was forced to flee Russia to avoid was forced to flee Russia to avoid arrest by Czar Nicholasarrest by Czar Nicholas

Despite the fact that he was out of Despite the fact that he was out of the country, Lenin maintained the country, Lenin maintained contact with the Bolshevikscontact with the Bolsheviks

He was just waiting right time to He was just waiting right time to returnreturn

Russia in CrisisRussia in Crisis Between 1904-1917 Russia faced many Between 1904-1917 Russia faced many

problems that weakened the czarproblems that weakened the czar In 1904 Russia went to war with Japan over In 1904 Russia went to war with Japan over

who would have imperial control in Korea & who would have imperial control in Korea & ManchuriaManchuria

Everyone including the Russian soldiers Everyone including the Russian soldiers expected an easy victoryexpected an easy victory

However, they were repeatedly losing battles, However, they were repeatedly losing battles, causing unrest at homecausing unrest at home

In January of 1905 workers & families went to In January of 1905 workers & families went to Czar Nicholas’ Winter PalaceCzar Nicholas’ Winter Palace

They wanted better working conditions, more They wanted better working conditions, more freedoms, and an elected legislaturefreedoms, and an elected legislature

Nicholas was not there, but his generals Nicholas was not there, but his generals ordered soldiers to fire into the crowdordered soldiers to fire into the crowd

About 1000 unarmed people were killedAbout 1000 unarmed people were killed The event became known as “Bloody Sunday”The event became known as “Bloody Sunday”

Russia Enters World War IRussia Enters World War I Bloody Sunday caused strikes & violence Bloody Sunday caused strikes & violence

throughout Russiathroughout Russia Nicholas was forced to create the Duma, Nicholas was forced to create the Duma,

Russia’s first parliamentRussia’s first parliament Nicholas didn’t want to share power. He Nicholas didn’t want to share power. He

sent the Duma home in 10 weekssent the Duma home in 10 weeks Other Dumas would come back, but none Other Dumas would come back, but none

would have any power to make changeswould have any power to make changes In 1914 Nicholas made the decision to enter In 1914 Nicholas made the decision to enter

World War IWorld War I Russia was unprepared, lacking military Russia was unprepared, lacking military

training & suppliestraining & supplies Soldiers were dying in huge #’s at the hands Soldiers were dying in huge #’s at the hands

of superior German machine gunsof superior German machine guns At home, food and fuel were scarce, along At home, food and fuel were scarce, along

with increasingly high priceswith increasingly high prices

The Legend of RasputinThe Legend of Rasputin While Nicholas was away rallying troops his While Nicholas was away rallying troops his

wife Czarina Alexandra was running the govt.wife Czarina Alexandra was running the govt. She ignored the czar’s advisors, instead She ignored the czar’s advisors, instead

listening to the mysterious Rasputinlistening to the mysterious Rasputin Rasputin claimed to have healing powersRasputin claimed to have healing powers He seemed to help her boys symptoms of He seemed to help her boys symptoms of

hemophilia, so Alexandra let him make hemophilia, so Alexandra let him make political decisionspolitical decisions

He opposed change and gave powerful He opposed change and gave powerful positions to friendspositions to friends

Several attempts were made on Rasputin’s life, Several attempts were made on Rasputin’s life, but he survived, making him a legendbut he survived, making him a legend

Rasputin was finally killed after he was shot Rasputin was finally killed after he was shot several times & thrown in the riverseveral times & thrown in the river

Rasputin told czarina that if he died she would Rasputin told czarina that if he died she would lose her son/throne within 6 monthslose her son/throne within 6 months

Fall of the Romanovs & Czar RuleFall of the Romanovs & Czar Rule Rasputin’s prediction came trueRasputin’s prediction came true In March 1917, women textile In March 1917, women textile

workers led a citywide strike, workers led a citywide strike, with other rioters soon joiningwith other rioters soon joining

Soldiers obeyed orders to shoot Soldiers obeyed orders to shoot rioters, but soon joined them and rioters, but soon joined them and shot at their own officersshot at their own officers

On March 16, 1917 Czar Nicholas On March 16, 1917 Czar Nicholas II was forced to step downII was forced to step down

Nicholas’ family, the Romanovs, Nicholas’ family, the Romanovs, had ruled as czar for over 300 had ruled as czar for over 300 yearsyears

He and his family were executed a He and his family were executed a year lateryear later

The Bolshevik RevolutionThe Bolshevik Revolution The Duma established a temporary or The Duma established a temporary or

“provisional government”“provisional government” The man placed in charge, Alexander The man placed in charge, Alexander

Kerensky continued to fight WWIKerensky continued to fight WWI Angry peasants formed soviets, which Angry peasants formed soviets, which

often had more power than the often had more power than the provisional govt.provisional govt.

Soviets= local councils made up of Soviets= local councils made up of workersworkers

Germany wanted Russia out of the war, Germany wanted Russia out of the war, so they secretly sent Lenin back inso they secretly sent Lenin back in

In November 1917, armed factory In November 1917, armed factory workers called the Bolshevik Red Guards workers called the Bolshevik Red Guards stormed the Winter Palacestormed the Winter Palace

Within hours the Bolshevik Revolution Within hours the Bolshevik Revolution was over & Vladimir Lenin was in powerwas over & Vladimir Lenin was in power