The Science of Chemistry

Chapter 1, part B

I. What is chemistry?

A. Deals with the _______________ of matter

B. Physical states1. ____________2. ____________3. ____________4. (___________)

C. Chemical reactions1. Describe how __________ behaves

1. NaOH + HCl H2O + NaCl

________ __________2. Energy in reactions

1. ___________ – energy is absorbed, and the reaction feels cold

2. ___________ – energy is released, and the reaction feels warm

D. Properties1. ________ – can be observed without

changing the substance2. ___________ – can only be observed by

chemical change

E. Changes1. ________ – does not change the

properties of the substance2. _______ – changes the substance both

chemically and physically

Signs of chemical change

1. Evolution of a _______ 2. Formation of a __________________ 3. The evolution of or absorption of

_________4. The emission of _______________5. A ___________ change

II. What is matter?

A. Anything that has _____________________

B. How do mass and weight differ?1. mass is the ________________ in an object2. weight is the ____________on the mass of an object.

III. What is the nature of matter?

A. ______________1. _________________of which all things

are made2. It would take nearly ________to form a

line 1 mm long!

B. ______________1. The more than ________ types of atoms2. Each has a unique set of

___________________________________________________________

3. Each has a ______________________a. this symbol may be

_______letters in lengthb. the first letter is always

________________.C. _____________________

1. Two or more atoms combined in a ___________

2. Atoms may be of the ______________________

_________________________________________D. ______________

1. One of a number of different molecular forms of an elementEx.

IV. How is matter classified?

A. ___________ – pure substances composed of atoms of ______________________elements

1. ____________ compounds – smallest particle is a molecule

2. ____________ compounds – composed of ions

1. ________________________________________________________________________________________

3. __________ – a group of compounds w/ certain chemical properties

________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. ___________ - a group of compounds w/ certain chemical properties (mostly opposite those of ______)

________________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Organic or inorganic1. _____________ – contains ___________2. _____________ – does not contain

________

C. Formulas1. ___________ – _______________

a. Shows the ___of atoms but _____ how they’re bonded

2. ________ – shows the ____ of atoms _____ how they’re bonded

3. ____________– shows __________ arrangement

4. __________ - also shows geometric arrangement and most closely represents the ______________

Formulas

__________ __________ __________

__________

D. _________ – a collection of two or more pure substances ____________ mixed together

1. ________ – _____ mixture (18-karat gold, bronze)

2. _________ – components are ______ distributed (a solution is the best example of this type of mixture)

3. ________________– components are _________ distributed

Matter

____________

___________ ___________

___________

___________

________ ________

____________

E. How to distinguish mixtures and compounds

A. The properties of a mixture _______ properties of the substances of which it is composed.

B. Compounds often have __________________ to the elements of which they are composed.

C. Compounds have a ___________ composition by mass

D. Mixtures have ____________ composition

Mixtures

Homogeneous

Components are

_______ distributed

Properties are the ______

throughout

Heterogeneous

Components are

_______ distributed

Properties are

__________ throughout

Science Starter

You have 10 bags with 1000 coins each. In one of the bags, all coins are forgeries. A true coin weighs 1 gram; each counterfeit coin weighs 1.1 gram. If you have an accurate scale, which you can use only once, how can you identify the bag with the forgeries? And what if you didn't know how many bags contained counterfeit coins?