the scientific method observations questions hypotheses predictions tests outcomes 1
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The Scientific Method
• Observations• Questions• Hypotheses• Predictions• Tests• Outcomes
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Observations
Question
Hypothesis #1:Dead batteries
Hypothesis #2:Burnt-out bulb
Prediction:Replacing batterieswill fix problem
Prediction:Replacing bulbwill fix problem
Test prediction Test prediction
Test falsifies hypothesis Test does not falsify hypothesis
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Fundamental Quantities
• Distance• Time• Mass• Temperature• Amount of substance
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Metric Prefixes• Giga- one billion (1,000,000,000 = 109) G• Mega- one million (1,000,000 = 106) M• Kilo- one thousand (1,000 = 103) k• Hecto- one hundred (100 = 102) h• Deca- ten (10 = 101) da• (no prefix) one (1 = 100)• Deci- one-tenth (0.1 = 10-1) d• Centi- one-hundredth (0.01 = 10-2) c• Milli- one-thousandth (0.001 = 10-3) m• Micro- one-millionth (0.000001 = 10-6) m• Nano- one-billionth (0.000000001 = 10-9) n
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How many millimeters are in 150 miles?Use dimensional analysis to find out.
€
150mi
1
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟1760yd
1mi
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟3 ft
1yd
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟12in
1 ft
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟2.54cm
1in
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
1m
100cm
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟1000mm
1m
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟= 241,401,600mm
To three significant figures, the answer is 241 million millimeters,or 2.41 x 108 mm.
This is given in the problem.
All units cancel except the ones that should be in the answer.
These are conversion factors.
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Metric System Nations
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