the scientists: what are they doing in this new digital communication world?
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The scientists: what are THEY doing in this new digital communication world?. Alma Swan Key Perspectives Ltd Truro, UK. Key Perspectives Ltd. Why researchers publish their work. Key Perspectives Ltd. What are they doing (I): Publishing more papers (science). Total SCI database records: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The scientists: what are THEY doing in this new digital communication world?
Alma Swan
Key Perspectives Ltd
Truro, UK
Key Perspectives Ltd
Why researchers publish their work
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Communicateresults to peers
Advance career Personalprestige
Gain funding Financial reward
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What are they doing (I): Publishing more papers (science)
Total SCI database records: 1983: 672,417 1993: 754,305 2003: 1,111,397
Publications from North America and Western Europe account for: 1983: 75% of total records 1993: 70% of total records 2003: 50% of total records
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SCI articles 2003
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Asian science output
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North EastAsia
South EastAsia
South Asia
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What are they doing (II): Collaborating internationally
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What are they doing (III): Publishing in OA journals
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No Yes Don't know
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Gold-ish (‘hybrid’)journals and publishers
NAS (PNAS): $1000 16% take-up
OUP (Nucleic Acids Research): Partial OA through 04, fully gold in 05
Blackwell: ‘Online Open’ trial $2500 or £1250; free via Synergy
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OA publishing intentions
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Very likely
LikelyNeutral
Somewhat unlikelyWill n
ot
Don't know
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Derk Haank
Early 2004:
Joined Springer as CEO
Introduced ‘Open Choice’
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Derk’s new move
August 2005:
Appointed Jan Velterop as Director of Open Access
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What are they doing (IV): Self-archiving
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Preprinton webpage
Postprinton webpage
Preprint inIR
Postprintin IR
Preprint insubjectarchive
Postprintin subjectarchive
Author readiness to comply with a mandate
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Would complywillingly
Would complyreluctantly
Would notcomply
81%
14%5%
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Mandates in place
QUT CERN School of ECS, Southampton
University University of Minho University of Zurich Compliance as expected
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University of Tasmania
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University of Queensland
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Queensland University of Technology
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What are they doing (V):Obeying embargoes? Nature Physics Issue 1: 8 primary research papers 7 available on the web on the day of publication
(1 not available except in jrnl) 4 had postprints in arXiv 2 had preprints in arXiv 2 had Nature’s own PDF on author websites Citations: postprints -1,5,0,3 preprints 3,0 (physics research/pub cycle is moving very fast)
Key Perspectives Ltd
What are they doing VI: Studying publication usage: Physics (arXiv) 100% content available in some
fields 52% has postprint status:
Total records: 336829 Journal reference: 173901 “Accepted”: 15772 “Submitted”: 14539
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Effect of arXiv
No loss of subscriptions (yet) Downloads are reduced (not
clear by how much, or why) Michael Kurtz and Edwin
Henneken (D-Lib magazine)
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Astronomy (Astrophysical Journal)
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What are they doing (VII): Navigating
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% r
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OA search services Bibliographic searchservices
Several times perweek
At least once perweek
At least once permonth
< once per month
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Overall proportion of people using these
‘Traditional’ bibliographic services: 98%
OAI search services: 30% Google 72%
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Indexing services (secondary publishers) Elsevier launched Scopus
Covers 14,000 titles Includes 532 open access journals Scirus links off Scopus site
ISI announced Web Citation Index Collaboration with NEC (CiteSeer) Other collaborations on OA underway
Key Perspectives Ltd
What are they doing (VIII): Self-archiving other digital objects
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Postprint
Conference paper
Preprint
Technical report
Working paper
Book chapter
Dissertation or thesis
Courseware
Discussion paper
Software
Monograph
Manual
Video file
Audio file
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Other developments in science
Data sharing e-science Interdisciplinary research
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What are they doing (IX):Data sharing
National Institutes of Health‘Data should be made as widely and freely available as possible while safeguarding the privacy of participants, and protecting confidential and proprietary data’
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Data sharing: NIH Cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid (caBIG) Project
‘Software, data, standards, infrastructure directly supported by caBIG resources must be open source and open access (i.e. licensed to the government with the government having no restrictions with regard to redistribution).’
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Data sharing: NASA
‘NASA is committed to full and open sharing of ESE data from its funded and owned systems’ No embargo period Access for the scientific community and the
general public ‘NASA is committed to non-discriminatory
access to data’
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Data sharing: Global Change Research Program
Bromley Principles:
‘Full and open sharing of the full suite of global data sets for all global change researchers is a fundamental objective.’
Key Perspectives Ltd
Data sharing: OECD (Declaration on Access to Research Data from Public Funding)
The governments of 34 nations recognise: Optimum international exchange of data, information and
knowledge contributes decisively to the advancement of scientific research and innovation
Open access to, and unrestricted use of, data promotes scientific progress and facilitates the training of researchers
Open access will maximise the value derived from public investments in data collection efforts
Substantial benefits that science, the economy and society at large could be gained from the opportunities that expanded use of digital data resources
The risk that undue restrictions on access to and use of research data from public funding could diminish the quality and efficiency of scientific research and innovation
Key Perspectives Ltd
Data sharing: UK funding bodies
Research Councils Joint Data Standards Study Wellcome Trust
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Data sharing: Nature
‘A condition of publication in Nature is that authors are required to make materials, data and associated protocols available to readers on request’
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Data sharing: ICMJE (Intl Committee Medical Journal Editors)
Open access registry of drug trials data Electronically searchable; public access The 11 journals involved will not publish
the results of clinical trials unless research teams have pre-registered the trial and deposited the data
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What are they doing (X): e-science
‘e-Science is about global collaboration in key areas of science, and the next generation of infrastructure that will enable it.’
John Taylor
Director General of Research Councils
Office of Science and Technology
Key Perspectives Ltd
And…
‘The large scale science that will increasingly be carried out through distributed global collaborations enabled by the Internet.’
RCUK’s e-Science Programme
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e-science: ‘Atkins’ Report on Cyberinfrastructure (NSF)
‘Archives containing hundreds or thousands of terabytes of data will be affordable and necessary for archiving scientific and engineering information’.
Key Perspectives Ltd
e-science Infrastructure
The Grid – software that enables flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions and resources
Middleware - services that allow scientists to build – as a matter of routine – the infrastructure for their ‘Virtual Organisations’
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Already in place
Particle Physics global sharing of data and computation
Astronomy ‘Virtual Observatory’ for multi-wavelength
astrophysics Chemistry
remote control of equipment, data archives Environment
federated data centres
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‘Atkins’ continued…
‘The primary access to the latest findings in a growing number of fields is through the Web, then through classic preprints and conferences, and lastly through refereed archival papers’.
Key Perspectives Ltd
What are they doing (XI): Interdisciplinary research: NSF
Program $millions FY2005
Total funding 3844
Mathematical & physical sciences 1115
Computer Science & Engineering 618
Engineering 576
Multidisciplinary research 31
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Interdisciplinary research: EPSRC (UK)
Programme £millions
Engineering 234
Materials science 177
Physics 128
Mathematics 54
Life sciences interface 31
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Interdisciplinary fields
Biomimetics Systems biology Environmental science Chemical biology Genomics Healthcare technologies Green chemistry
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What are they doing (XII):Citation and impact studies
Lawrence 2001 (computer science) Kurtz 2004 (astronomy) Brody & Harnad 2004 (all disciplines) Antelman 2005 (philosophy, politics,
electrical & electronic engineering, mathematics)
Wren 2005 (biomedicine)
Key Perspectives Ltd
New scientometric measures
ISI ‘times cited’ Measures of correlation of
downloads and citations New measures of impact and
new ways of measuring linkages and trends in the research literature
Key Perspectives Ltd
Scholarly communication drivers
Increasing diversity in location Increasing collaboration Increasing diversity of communication methods
including informal ones Increasing interdisciplinary work, with concomitant
demand for access to information across traditional boundaries
Research cycle speed is increasing – ‘bigger, better and faster’ science is being done
The semantic web is happening
Key Perspectives Ltd
Impact on scientific publishing
Increasing tendency for published papers to have an archival role rather than awareness of new findings
Databases will be increasingly important Preprint/early postprint deposition coupled
with new linking possibilities will change face of bibliometrics
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The opportunities for science publishers
Peer review (paid for) Indexing Database publishing New services with aggregated content Tertiary publishing
Key Perspectives Ltd
Why researchers publish their work
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Communicateresults to peers
Advance career Personalprestige
Gain funding Financial reward
Key Perspectives Ltd
Key Perspectives Ltd
Thank you for listening
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