the short form (sf) 36 health survey questionnaire as...

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The Short Form (SF)36 health survey questionnaire as an outcome measure in contraceptive research (Phase 1 results of the HRQL changes among DMPA users trial 2009) Dr. Sikolia Wanyonyi Senior resident Dept. OBGYN Aga Khan University Hospital NAIROBI, KENYA International conference on Family planning: Research and Best Practices, Kampala 2009

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Page 1: The Short Form (SF) 36 health survey questionnaire as anfpconference.org/2009/media/DIR_169701/15f1ae857ca... · The Short Form (SF)‐36 health survey questionnaire as an outcome

The Short Form (SF)‐36 health survey questionnaire as an 

outcome measure in contraceptive research

(Phase 1 results of the HRQL changes among DMPA users trial 2009)

Dr. Sikolia WanyonyiSenior residentDept. OBGYN

Aga Khan University HospitalNAIROBI, KENYA

International conference on Family planning: Research and Best Practices, Kampala 

2009 

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Outline 

Introduction

Objective

Methods

Data management

Results

Conclusions

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Introduction

Contraceptive is often a lifestyle choice

It could impact on the quality of life (QoL) of users

Focus has been on side effects and contraceptive efficacy

The effect of contraceptives on QoL could also  affect 

acceptability,  uptake and discontinuation rates

3

Trussell et al. Fam Plan Pers 1999(31); www.who.int

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Introduction

Contraceptive users are presumably a healthy population 

Knowledge on contraceptive related QoL changes is essential 

for uptake and continuation of use

QoL tools e.g. SF‐36, have not been adequately used in 

contraceptive research

4

Trussel et al. Fam Plan Pers 1999(31), Brazier JE et al. BMJ 1992(308), Garrat et al. BMJ 1993(306)

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Characteristics of Measures of Health-related Quality of Life

Guyatt, G. H. et. al. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:622-629

Approach Strength Weakness

Generic Instruments

e.g. 

SF‐36

•Single instrument needed

•Detects different aspects of 

health status

•Comparisons across 

conditions possible

•May not focus adequately 

on area of interest

Specific instruments

(condition or population 

specific)

•Clinically sensible

•More responsive

•Cross‐condition 

comparisons not possible

•Limited in population and 

intervention

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What Makes SF‐36 a good HRQL measure?

High signal‐to‐noise ratio–

Responsiveness enhanced

Validity–

Consistency with theoretically derived predictions

Interpretability–

Differences between patients small/trivial

6Guyatt, G. H. et. al. Ann Intern Med 1993;118:622-629; http://www.rand.org

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Main Objective

To determine the internal consistency and reliability of  Short Form (SF)‐36 health survey questionnaires 

among users of DMPA 

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Methods

Research question•

Is the SF‐36 a reliable tool in assessing the effects of contraceptives 

on the health related quality of life?

Main outcome measures

The eight scales of the SF 36 health survey profile

Setting•

The Aga Khan University Hospital and Family Health Options clinics, 

Nairobi, Kenya. 

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Mode of administration of SF‐36 Questionnaire

Interviewer‐based–

Maximizes response rate

Few if any missing items

Minimizes errors of misunderstanding

Other modes–

Telephone

Self administered

Surrogate responders

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Data management

Analysis: SPSS version 15.0 

Inter scale correlations‐

Kline’s criterion of 0.4

Internal consistency‐

Cronbach’s α

(Nunnally’s criterion of 

0.7)

Sub group analysis done

10

Kline P. A. Handbook of test construction, London 1986; Nunnaly JL. Psychometric theory ,NY 1978

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Study flow

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147 Screened

131 recruited16 Declined

107 met eligibility criteria

( For 6 months follow-up)

24 excluded

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Results

Mean age: 31.4 years (SD 5.8) 

Average family size: 1.7 children

Marital status: 90.8% married

Level of education: 78.7%

tertiary

53% were contraceptives naive prior to DMPA

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Internal consistency of SF 36 health questionnaire

SF Scale Items Alpha Mean Item scale correlation

Physical Functioning 10 0.89 82.63 0.44

Social Functioning 2 0.56 77.61 0.39

Role limitation/physical 4 0.83 82.79 0.55

Role limitation/emotional 3 0.79 76.83 0.55

Energy fatigue 4 0.62 67.20 0.29

Mental health 5 0.75 71.39 0.38

Pain 2 0.73 79.05 0.57

General Health 5 0.59 73.95 0.23

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NB: Reliability is considered acceptable if α

exceeds 0.7 or Item scale correlations above 0.4

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Conclusions

SF‐36 is a potential measure of outcome among 

contraceptives users

It is acceptable, internally consistent and a reliable measure 

of health status

This  tool should be tested  and modified among  FP users for 

possible adoption by researchers and providers

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Conclusions

Knowledge of the impact of contraceptives on QoL could lead 

to better uptake of FP as a lifestyle choice

Motivated and informed users are less likely to discontinue 

contraceptive methods chosen

Specific psychometric tools could also be developed and 

adopted

15

Wan GJ et al. Contraception 2007(7); Sonnenberg FA et al. Contraception 2004(69); Hubarcher D et al. Contraception 1999(60)

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