The simulation game The simulation game on operational flood on operational flood

management: the tool management: the tool for implementation of for implementation of

IWRM in the flood IWRM in the flood protection strategyprotection strategy

Marta Martínková1,Václav Klečka2, Pavel Eger2, Šárka Blažková1

11 T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute,T. G. Masaryk Water Research Institute,public research institutionpublic research institutionPodbabská 30, Podbabská 30, 160 00 Praha 6160 00 Praha 6Czech RepublicCzech Republice-mail: marta_martinkova@vuv.cze-mail: marta_martinkova@vuv.cz

internet: internet: http://www.vuv.czhttp://www.vuv.cz

2 Povodí Ohře, Bezručova 4219430 03 ChomutovCzech RepublicCzech Republic

IntroductionIntroductionIntegrated Water Resources ManagementIntegrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) (IWRM) promotes the coordinated development and promotes the coordinated development and

management of water, land and related resources in management of water, land and related resources in order to maximize the resultant economic and social order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising welfare in an equitable manner without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems. the sustainability of vital ecosystems.

Adaptive management emphasizes the limitations of our knowledge considers different types of uncertainty in the

management process and the system itself Collaboration and learning are central elements.

Operational flood Operational flood management:management: Many uncertainties (e.g. in forecasts)Many uncertainties (e.g. in forecasts) Decisions about operations have to be Decisions about operations have to be

made in short timemade in short time far-reaching consequences of decisionsfar-reaching consequences of decisions It is physically impossible to be prepared It is physically impossible to be prepared

for catastrophic flood in such way that for catastrophic flood in such way that prevents any damagesprevents any damages

Increased coordination and cooperation Increased coordination and cooperation among stakeholders involved in flood among stakeholders involved in flood situation situation

Flood damages distinctively decreasedFlood damages distinctively decreased

Motivation:Motivation:

Motivation 2:Motivation 2:

TThe intensity of rainfall and consequently he intensity of rainfall and consequently the frequency of floods are expected to the frequency of floods are expected to increase globally under climate change increase globally under climate change and catastrophic floods would occur also and catastrophic floods would occur also in areas non-affected to date (Bates et in areas non-affected to date (Bates et al. 2008). al. 2008).

Motivation Motivation 33 ::

Active methods of learning are more Active methods of learning are more effective than passive ones.effective than passive ones.

ColColllaboration enhances learning.aboration enhances learning.

Objective:Objective:

To enhance the understanding, to To enhance the understanding, to increase the integration and the increase the integration and the cooperation among different cooperation among different water resources management water resources management stakeholders preferably during stakeholders preferably during the flood event. the flood event.

Method: Method: Cooperative learningCooperative learning

Heterogenous groups are engaged in a Heterogenous groups are engaged in a common taskcommon task in which each individual in which each individual depends on and is accountable to each depends on and is accountable to each other.other.

The common task:The common task:to operate the reservoirs in an optimal way

during a computer based simulation of operational flood management

Workshop on SG:Workshop on SG:

The SG was realized during two days workshop (11th The SG was realized during two days workshop (11th and. 12th November 2008) and. 12th November 2008)

at the Ohre River Board (at the Ohre River Board (Povodí Ohře)Povodí Ohře) headquarters in headquarters in Chomotov, Czech Republic. Chomotov, Czech Republic.

To demonstrate clearly the uncertainties connected to To demonstrate clearly the uncertainties connected to using the meteorological forecasts and the uncertainties using the meteorological forecasts and the uncertainties connected to operational decisions during flood.connected to operational decisions during flood.

To check the possibilities for using the SG for the training To check the possibilities for using the SG for the training of experts and water management students.of experts and water management students.

4 playing teams:4 playing teams: Representatives of local and regional Representatives of local and regional

authorities - environment departments authorities - environment departments (3 in each team) (3 in each team) andand crisis management crisis management (2 in each team). (2 in each team).

LOCAL KNOWLEDGELOCAL KNOWLEDGE Operational flood management expertsOperational flood management experts: :

a control room staff (dispatchers) of a control room staff (dispatchers) of other reservoirs systems in the Czech other reservoirs systems in the Czech Republic (2 in each team). Republic (2 in each team).

EXPERT KNOWLEDGEEXPERT KNOWLEDGE

SetSet --up of up of SGSG::

The outputs of the game software has to be The outputs of the game software has to be similar to the outputs of the real operation similar to the outputs of the real operation software, but has to be simplified so that software, but has to be simplified so that they could be quickly understood by they could be quickly understood by

non-experts. non-experts. The information on inputs and outputs of the The information on inputs and outputs of the

individual steps of SG has to illustrate individual steps of SG has to illustrate properly the procedure and the involved properly the procedure and the involved uncertainties.uncertainties.

The SG simulates The SG simulates precipitation (magnified precipitation (magnified experienced event), experienced event), inflow in reservoirs and inflow in reservoirs and the effect of operations.the effect of operations.

SetSet --up of game cont.up of game cont.

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předpověď

real

the standard hardware and software the standard hardware and software equipment of the operational control equipment of the operational control room was provided to the playing teams. room was provided to the playing teams.

Hydrological answer on individual teams’ Hydrological answer on individual teams’ operation was simulated and then operation was simulated and then provided to the teams in same form as it provided to the teams in same form as it is provided to control room staff during is provided to control room staff during the real flood situation. the real flood situation.

SetSet --up of game cont.up of game cont.

The tasks : The tasks :

to operate the reservoirs in an optimal to operate the reservoirs in an optimal way,way,

to decide about warnings and to decide about warnings and evacuations, evacuations,

to deal with unexpected situations.to deal with unexpected situations.

Simulation gameSimulation game

works in virtual time steps of different works in virtual time steps of different length. Regarding the characteristics of length. Regarding the characteristics of modeled precipitation event the time modeled precipitation event the time steps are longer at beginning of the SG steps are longer at beginning of the SG and shorter later.and shorter later.

Virtual t ime Virtual t ime R R eal eal t imetime

RUN (12RUN (12 or or 24 hours)24 hours)

STOPSTOP

STOPSTOP

20 min20 min

10-20 min: teams 10-20 min: teams analyses situation + analyses situation + available forecasts available forecasts

decide about operationsdecide about operations

20 min:20 min: ComputationComputation of hydrological answer of hydrological answer

for each teamfor each team (effect of (effect of operations)operations)

total 213 hours total 7:35 (8) hours213 hours total 7:35 (8) hours

““Simulation control Simulation control centre”:centre”:

Organizers of SGOrganizers of SG ObserversObservers Took control of the Took control of the

SG process.SG process. Simulated the Simulated the

backround (media).backround (media). Simulated the Simulated the

unexpected situation.unexpected situation.

ResultsResults ::

Team 1 Team 2 Team 3 Team 4 Optimal operations

EvaluationEvaluation ::

effectivity criteria effectivity criteria of participatory of participatory processes processes ((Rowe a Frewer 2000, 2004). Rowe a Frewer 2000, 2004).

expectations of participants before the expectations of participants before the gamegame

perceptions and feedback after the perceptions and feedback after the gamegame

Results cont.Results cont.1) More than a half of the respondents fully agreed 1) More than a half of the respondents fully agreed

that after the SG the communication with other that after the SG the communication with other stakeholders would be easier than before.stakeholders would be easier than before.

2) The non-expert participants expressed that they 2) The non-expert participants expressed that they better understand their own and others’ roles better understand their own and others’ roles during the flood.during the flood.

3) They also agreed that their view on floods had 3) They also agreed that their view on floods had been shifted and that SG helped to improve their been shifted and that SG helped to improve their knowledge on floods.knowledge on floods.

4) More than a half of all respondents fully agreed 4) More than a half of all respondents fully agreed that the purpose of SG had been explained well. that the purpose of SG had been explained well.

5) The most of the respondents agreed that they 5) The most of the respondents agreed that they enjoyed the SG and that the whole workshop left enjoyed the SG and that the whole workshop left a good impression. a good impression.

ConclusionsConclusions

The realization of the SG of operational The realization of the SG of operational flood management proved that it is flood management proved that it is effective tool for the enhancement of the effective tool for the enhancement of the integration and the cooperation among integration and the cooperation among the water management stakeholders. the water management stakeholders.

It can be also used for the purposes of It can be also used for the purposes of professionals’ and students’ training. professionals’ and students’ training.

OutlookOutlook

New realisations New realisations (November 2009: (November 2009: Karlovy Vary/Karlsbad regional authority)Karlovy Vary/Karlsbad regional authority)

Modification Modification of SG of SG for for simulation of simulation of droughtsdroughts