The Skeleton and The Nervous System

The Skeleton and The Nervous SystemCourse: Basic EnglishSemester/Group:2nd. BMembers: Ariadna MuroGigi ZavaletaOdalier EscobarCarlos Sandoval

UNIVERSIDAD JUREZ AUTNOMA DE TABASCO.DIVISIN ACADMICA DE CIENCIAS DE LA SALUDESTUDIO EN LA DUDA, ACCIN EN LA FE

VocabularySkeletonBonesAppendicularAxialSkullRibsSternumVertebraFibulaCranial VaultSphenoidEthmoidSpinal CordPeripheral NervesVertebraeTrunkKneeAnkleThighNeuronsNeural TissueInterstitial FluidPathogensAidInjuryMidbrainPonsMedulla Brain StemCerebrumThe Skeleton The human skeleton consists of 206 bones and is divided into the apendicular and axial skeleton.The axial skeleton consists of the skull, ribs, sternum, adn vertebra.The appendicular consistsof the shoulder bones, humerus, radius, ulna, pelvis, femur, fibula, tibia.

The Cranial VaultThe Cranial Vault consists of the eight bones that encase and protect the brain: the parietal, temporal, frontal, occipital, spheniod, and ethmoid bones.

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the foramen magnum.The Cranial Vault

The SpineThe spine or vertebral column, serves as a primary support structure for the body and houses the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. The spine consists of 33 bones called vertebrae, which support the weight of the body, protect the spinal cord, provide a site for the muscle attachment, and permit movement of the head and trunk.

The spine is divided into five sections: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx.The ArmThe Humerus is the bone of the arm.The forearm extends from the elbow to the wrist. Two bones, the radius and ulna, make up the forearm.The radius is the bone on the lateral side of the forearm when the forearm is in the anatomic position, and the ulna is located on the little finger side.

The HandBeyond the wrist are the metacarpal bones, which form the hand. Each finger is composed of a series of small bones called phalanges.

The PelvisThe pelvis, or pelvic girdle, is the place of attachment of the lower extremity to the body. It consists of a ring of bones formed by the sacrum posteriorly and the coxal, or pelvic bones, on each side.

The LegAt the distal end of the femur, the lateral and medial condyles articulate with proximal tibia at the knee.The tibia is the longer and thicker of the two bones and is situated on the anterior surface of the leg.The fibula is the second of the two leg bones, is posterior to the tibiaand does not articulate directly with the femur, but rather with the tibia at the head.

The Nervous SystemThe nervous system is composed of specialized tissue that conducts electrical impulses between the brain and the rest of the body. Neural tissue contains two basic types of cells: Nerve cells, which are known as neurons and contain projections called axons and dendrites that make connections between adjacent cells, and neuroglia, which are supporting cells that have four basic funtions.

The NeurogliaThe neuroglia, provide a supporting skeleon for neural tissue, isolate and protect the cell membranes of neurons, regulate he composition of interstitial fluid, defend neural tissue from pathogens, and aid in the repair of injury

The Central Nervous SystemConsists of the brain and the spinal cord, both of which are encased in and protected by bone. The brain is located within the cranial cavity and contains billions of neurons that serve a variety of vital functions.The major regions of the adults brain are the cerebrum, diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata. The midbran, pons, and medulla are referred to as the brain stem. The largest portion of the brain is the cerebal cortex or cerebrum.

The Central Nervous SystemThe cerebrum is divided into right and left hemispheres.Within each hemisphere are subdivisions known as lobes.

The Cranial NervesTwelve pairs of cranial nerves arise from the base of the brain. All but two pairs, the olfactory nerves and the optic nerves, exit from the brain stem.