the skin
TRANSCRIPT
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By
Temitope Olubode
06/13/2010
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Major regions of the skin Consists of three major regions
Epidermis (superficial region)
Dermis (middle region)
Hypodermis (superficial fascia)
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Epidermis Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Cells of epidermis
Keratinocytes—produce fibrous protein keratin
Melanocytes Produce pigment melanin
Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells—macrophages that help activate immune system
Tactile (Merkel) cells—touch receptors
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Dermis
Strong, flexible connective tissue
Cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, and occasionally mast cells and white blood cells
Consist of two layers:
Papillary
Reticular
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Hypodermis
Hypodermis –The third and deepest layer of the skin also called the subcutaneous layer. Composed of lipocytes (fat cells). Protects the deeper tissues of the body and acts as insulation for heat and cold.
Mostly adipose tissue
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Skin Color Three pigments contribute to skin color:
Melanin Yellow to reddish-brown to black, responsible for dark skin colors
Produced in melanocytes; migrates to keratinocytes where it forms “pigment shields” for nuclei
Freckles and pigmented moles
Local accumulations of melanin
2. Carotene Yellow to orange, most obvious in the palms and soles
3.Hemoglobin Responsible for the pinkish hue of skin
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Skin Accessory Organs
Sweat glands consists of apocrine gland sweat duct and sweat pore
Oil glands Widely distributed, sebum that softens hair and skin
Most develop from hair follicles
Hairs consist of arrector pili, hair follicles, hair rot and hair shaft
Nails consists of nail bed, nail body, nail root, cuticle, lunula