the solar system. composed of the following sun sun planets planets moons moons asteroids asteroids...
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The Solar SystemThe Solar System
The Solar SystemThe Solar System
Composed of the followingComposed of the following SunSun PlanetsPlanets MoonsMoons AsteroidsAsteroids CometsComets MeteroidsMeteroids
General InformationGeneral Information
The Sun takes up 99.85% of the Mass of The Sun takes up 99.85% of the Mass of the Solar systemthe Solar system
Each planet moves around the sun in an Each planet moves around the sun in an elliptical orbitelliptical orbit
The PlanetsThe Planets
Two Types of PlanetsTwo Types of Planets TerrestialTerrestial
• Mercury, Venus, Earth and MarsMercury, Venus, Earth and Mars• Small and rockySmall and rocky
Jovian Jovian • Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and NeptuneJupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune• Huge Gas GiantsHuge Gas Giants
Pluto does not fit neatly into either categoryPluto does not fit neatly into either category
ComparisonsComparisons
SizeSize Inner Planets (Terrestial) smallerInner Planets (Terrestial) smaller Earth is ¼ the size of smallest Jovian planet Earth is ¼ the size of smallest Jovian planet
(Neptune)(Neptune) DensityDensity
The inner planets are more denseThe inner planets are more dense Differ because of chemical compositionDiffer because of chemical composition
Interiors of the PlanetsInteriors of the Planets
3 substances make up the interior of the 3 substances make up the interior of the planetsplanets GasesGases
• Hydrogen and HeliumHydrogen and Helium• Melting point is near absolute zeroMelting point is near absolute zero
RocksRocks• Mainly silicates and metallic ironsMainly silicates and metallic irons• Melting points are above 700 degrees celciusMelting points are above 700 degrees celcius
IcesIces• Ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide and waterAmmonia, methane, carbon dioxide and water• They have intermediate melting pointsThey have intermediate melting points
AtmosphereAtmosphere
Why don’t the gases escape?Why don’t the gases escape? GravityGravity
• Gases are held into our planets by gravityGases are held into our planets by gravity• In order for a gas to escape it has to travel at the In order for a gas to escape it has to travel at the
planets escape velocityplanets escape velocity Earth 11 km/sEarth 11 km/s Jupiter 60km/sJupiter 60km/s
The Inner PlanetsThe Inner Planets
MecuryMecury VenusVenus EarthEarth MarsMars MoonMoon
MercuryMercurySizeSize 1/3 of the Earth1/3 of the Earth
Orbital PeriodOrbital Period 87.9 Days87.9 Days
Length of DayLength of Day 59 Days59 Days
Avg. TempAvg. Temp 440440
# Moons# Moons 00
AtmosphereAtmosphere OO22, Na and H, Na and H22
ColorColor Dark greyDark grey
Unique FactsUnique Facts Largest Night Largest Night Day Temp. Day Temp. ChangeChange
MercuryMercury
Innermost PlanetInnermost Planet Second SmallestSecond Smallest Surface FeaturesSurface Features
Cratered highlandsCratered highlands Smooth terrainsSmooth terrains Has scarps which shows signs of previously Has scarps which shows signs of previously
being tectonically activebeing tectonically active
Mercury ContinuedMercury Continued
Surface TemperatureSurface Temperature Revolves around sun quicklyRevolves around sun quickly Rotates SlowlyRotates Slowly
• One Night Takes 3 monthsOne Night Takes 3 months Avg. Daily tempAvg. Daily temp
• 427 427 oo C C Avg. Nightly tempAvg. Nightly temp
• -173 -173 oo C C
VenusVenusSizeSize 1/1 1/1
Orbital PeriodOrbital Period 224.7 Days224.7 Days
Length of DayLength of Day 243 Days243 Days
Avg. TempAvg. Temp 737737
# Moons# Moons 00
AtmosphereAtmosphere COCO2,2, O O22and Nand N22
ColorColor Dirty YellowDirty Yellow
Unique FactsUnique Facts Highest Albedo Highest Albedo and Hottest and Hottest PlanetPlanet
VenusVenus
Second PlanetSecond Planet Earth’s TwinEarth’s Twin Covered with thick cloudsCovered with thick clouds Surface FeaturesSurface Features
Varied Topography much like EarthVaried Topography much like Earth 80 % is covered by plains, created by lava80 % is covered by plains, created by lava Only 8% is the highlands (volcanoes)Only 8% is the highlands (volcanoes)
VenusVenus
Surface TemperatureSurface Temperature Surface Temperature is approx. 475oCSurface Temperature is approx. 475oC
AtmosphereAtmosphere 97% CO297% CO2 Small Amounts of Water VaporSmall Amounts of Water Vapor Small Amounts of NitrogenSmall Amounts of Nitrogen Atmospheric Pressure is 90x Greater than Atmospheric Pressure is 90x Greater than
Earth’sEarth’s
MarsMars
SizeSize ½½
Orbital PeriodOrbital Period 686.9 Days686.9 Days
Length of DayLength of Day 24.6 Hours24.6 Hours
Avg. TempAvg. Temp 210210
# Moons# Moons 22
AtmosphereAtmosphere COCO2,2,
ColorColor ReddishReddish
Unique FactsUnique Facts Olympus Mons Olympus Mons
Water Ice Caps Water Ice Caps
MarsMars
The Red PlanetThe Red Planet Has Brilliant White Polar CapsHas Brilliant White Polar Caps AtmosphereAtmosphere
1% the Denisty of Earth’s Atmosphere1% the Denisty of Earth’s Atmosphere Primarly made up of CO2Primarly made up of CO2 Temperatures can Drop to -125oCTemperatures can Drop to -125oC Polar Caps are made of water ice covered by Polar Caps are made of water ice covered by
a thin layer of frozen CO2a thin layer of frozen CO2
MarsMars
Surface FeaturesSurface Features Olympus MonsOlympus Mons
• Volcano that is the size of Ohio and 23 km highVolcano that is the size of Ohio and 23 km high• 2.5 times taller than Mt. Everest2.5 times taller than Mt. Everest
Valles MarinerisValles Marineris• Largest CanyonLargest Canyon• 5000km Long and 8km Deep5000km Long and 8km Deep
• NO MARTIANSNO MARTIANS
JupiterJupiter
SizeSize 11x11x
Orbital PeriodOrbital Period 12 Years12 Years
Length of DayLength of Day 9.925 hrs9.925 hrs
Avg. TempAvg. Temp 129129
# Moons# Moons 16+16+
AtmosphereAtmosphere HH2 2 and Heand He
ColorColor Red, OrangeRed, Orange
Unique FactsUnique Facts 70% all 70% all Planetary Planetary MassMass
JupiterJupiter
Jupiter: 5th planet from the SunJupiter: 5th planet from the Sun Largest planet in the SS, twice the combined Largest planet in the SS, twice the combined
mass of the eight other planets mass of the eight other planets Fastest rotating planet; causes it to slightly Fastest rotating planet; causes it to slightly
bulge at centerbulge at center Great Red Spot is the universe’s largest storm Great Red Spot is the universe’s largest storm
& also has enormous lightning storms& also has enormous lightning storms Io, a moon of Jupiter, is the most volcanically Io, a moon of Jupiter, is the most volcanically
active object in the SSactive object in the SS
SaturnSaturn
SizeSize 9.5 x 9.5 x
Orbital PeriodOrbital Period 29 Years29 Years
Length of DayLength of Day 10.656 hrs10.656 hrs
Avg. TempAvg. Temp 9797
# Moons# Moons 1818
AtmosphereAtmosphere HH22, and He, and He
ColorColor Bluish YellowBluish Yellow
Unique FactsUnique Facts 7 Major Rings7 Major Rings
SaturnSaturn
Saturn: 6th planet from the Sun Saturn: 6th planet from the Sun Also known as the Ringed Planet; rings Also known as the Ringed Planet; rings
composed of varying rock & ice composed of varying rock & ice fragmentsfragments
2nd largest planet in our SS2nd largest planet in our SS Least dense planet; less dense than Least dense planet; less dense than
waterwater Rapid rotation causes bulge at equator & Rapid rotation causes bulge at equator &
flattened polesflattened poles
UranusUranus
SizeSize 4 x4 x
Orbital PeriodOrbital Period 84 Years84 Years
Length of DayLength of Day 17.24 Hrs17.24 Hrs
Avg. TempAvg. Temp 5858
# Moons# Moons 20+20+
AtmosphereAtmosphere HH22, He CH, He CH44
ColorColor BlueBlue
Unique FactsUnique Facts Accidentally Accidentally DiscoveredDiscovered
UranusUranus
Uranus: 7th planet from the SunUranus: 7th planet from the Sun 3rd largest planet in our SS3rd largest planet in our SS Axis of rotation is tilted on its side; almost Axis of rotation is tilted on its side; almost
perpendicular to its orbital plane around perpendicular to its orbital plane around the Sun = the Rolling Planetthe Sun = the Rolling Planet
Also has ringsAlso has rings Poles spend 42 years in darknessPoles spend 42 years in darkness
NeptuneNeptune
SizeSize 4 x4 x
Orbital PeriodOrbital Period 165 Years165 Years
Length of DayLength of Day 16.11 hrs16.11 hrs
Avg. TempAvg. Temp 5858
# Moons# Moons 88
AtmosphereAtmosphere HH22, He and CH, He and CH44
ColorColor BlueBlue
Unique FactsUnique Facts Existence was Existence was Predicted before Predicted before discoverydiscovery
NeptuneNeptune
Neptune: 8th planet from the SunNeptune: 8th planet from the Sun Sometimes is the 9th planet from the Sometimes is the 9th planet from the
Sun when it crosses Pluto’s orbitSun when it crosses Pluto’s orbit Similar to Uranus; has several moons & Similar to Uranus; has several moons &
ringsrings Existence was predicted before Existence was predicted before
discoverydiscovery Great Dark Spot is an Earth size storm Great Dark Spot is an Earth size storm
on Neptune that disappeared in 1994on Neptune that disappeared in 1994
PlutoPluto
SizeSize 1/51/5
Orbital PeriodOrbital Period 248 yrs248 yrs
Length of DayLength of Day 6.3 days6.3 days
Avg. TempAvg. Temp 5050
# Moons# Moons 11
AtmosphereAtmosphere NN22 and CH and CH44
ColorColor UnknownUnknown
Unique FactsUnique Facts RetrogradeRetrograde
Highest Highest eccentricityeccentricity
PlutoPluto
Pluto: 9th Planet from the SunPluto: 9th Planet from the Sun Sometimes is the 8th planet from the Sun when it Sometimes is the 8th planet from the Sun when it
crosses Neptune’s orbitcrosses Neptune’s orbit Also known as Planet X because it was not discovered Also known as Planet X because it was not discovered
until 1930until 1930 Smallest planet in our SSSmallest planet in our SS Sometimes referred to as double planet because of it’s Sometimes referred to as double planet because of it’s
moon Charon, which exhibits synchronous rotation moon Charon, which exhibits synchronous rotation with Pluto with Pluto
Only outer planet to have solid, rocky surface, but is Only outer planet to have solid, rocky surface, but is not dense enough to be considered a terrestrial planetnot dense enough to be considered a terrestrial planet
Was the 8Was the 8thth planet between 78 - 98 planet between 78 - 98