The Spanish The Spanish ConquestConquest

Mr. BarchettoMr. Barchetto

Notes #2Notes #2

Ferdinand Magellan & the Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of First Circumnavigation of

the Worldthe World

Ferdinand Magellan & the Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of First Circumnavigation of

the Worldthe World

~The ~The Explorer~ Explorer~ Christopher Columbus- 1492Christopher Columbus- 1492

– GoalGoal to find an alternate route to the Spice Islands…to find an alternate route to the Spice Islands…

– OutcomeOutcome he instead found the Americashe instead found the Americas traveled in and out of the Caribbean Islands writing traveled in and out of the Caribbean Islands writing

down what he witnessed about the native population.down what he witnessed about the native population.– Purpose/Significance of “Columbus Letter”Purpose/Significance of “Columbus Letter”written written

on board the on board the CaravelCaravel, off the Canary Isles, on the 15th of February, 1493., off the Canary Isles, on the 15th of February, 1493.– Read “Read “Columbus Letter”Columbus Letter” and answer questions.and answer questions.

What is the purpose of the letter and who is he writing it to?What is the purpose of the letter and who is he writing it to?– Writing to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella Writing to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella – Purpose- inform them on his progress in the new world what he has Purpose- inform them on his progress in the new world what he has

foundfound

Why is this letter significant?Why is this letter significant?– Letter opens up the new world to Spanish conquest and domination.Letter opens up the new world to Spanish conquest and domination.

•Spanish soldiers who came to the New World to help conquer and settle the Americas for Spain.

•Some of their methods were harsh and brutal especially to the Native

American population.•With every Spanish explorer

were conquistadors and members of the Catholic Church to convert

Native Americans.

Hernan Hernan CortezCortezHernan Hernan CortezCortez

The First Spanish Conquests:The First Spanish Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

The First Spanish Conquests:The First Spanish Conquests:The AztecsThe Aztecs

Montezuma Montezuma IIII

Montezuma Montezuma IIII

vvs.s.vvs.s.

~The ~The Conquistadors~Conquistadors~

Hernan Cortez-Hernan Cortez-15191519 Purpose-Purpose-

– conquer new lands for conquer new lands for the Spanish Crown.the Spanish Crown.

– Traveled from Cuba into Traveled from Cuba into Mexico—Aztec EmpireMexico—Aztec Empire

– arranged arranged alliancesalliances to defeat to defeat the Aztec in Tenonchtitlánthe Aztec in Tenonchtitlán

– Montezuma is defeated, Montezuma is defeated, Tenochtitlan becomes Tenochtitlan becomes Mexico City in 1521. Mexico City in 1521.

Francisco Francisco PizarroPizarro

The First Spanish Conquests:The First Spanish Conquests:

The IncasThe Incas

The First Spanish Conquests:The First Spanish Conquests:

The IncasThe Incas

AtahualpaAtahualpa

vvs.s.

~The ~The Conquistadors~Conquistadors~

Francisco Pizarro-Francisco Pizarro-1532 1532

Purpose-Purpose-– conquer new lands for conquer new lands for

the Spanish Crown.the Spanish Crown.

– Peru—Inca Empire (South Peru—Inca Empire (South America)America)

– Held Atahualpa ransom, and Held Atahualpa ransom, and killed him. killed him.

– Took over the Incan EmpireTook over the Incan Empire

Spanish Success in the Spanish Success in the Americas Americas

Spanish Conquer Native Americans: 4 Key Ingredients for Success

1. Disease-1. Disease- brought by Europeans weakened Native populations. Natives never had exposure to these diseases.

2. Superior Weapons-2. Superior Weapons- Spanish had armor which protected them from arrows and the Spanish had guns and Canons

3. 3. Disunity-Disunity- Spanish were able to use disunity between natives to form alliances which would help take down large empires.

4. Gods?-4. Gods?-Many natives saw the emergence of the Spanish in the New World as their world ending

~Cycle of Conquest & ~Cycle of Conquest & Colonization~Colonization~

~Cycle of Conquest & ~Cycle of Conquest & Colonization~Colonization~

COLONIAL PERIODCOLONIZATION IS A NATURAL OUTGROWTH OF EXPLORATION

MERCANTILISM - COLONIES EXIST TO BENEFIT THE MOTHER COUNTRY

3 MAJOR COUNTRIES TOOK THE LEAD IN

COLONIZING THE NEW WORLD

SPAIN

FRANCE

ENGLAND

SPAIN IN AMERICASPANISH OBJECTIVES IN THE NEW WORLD

o WEALTH

o POWER & GLORY

o EXPAND BOUNDARIES

o SPREAD RELIGION

COLONIES LOCATED IN SOUTH AMERICA, CENTRAL

AMERICA & SOUTHERN NORTH AMERICA

Spanish empire by the 1600’s

consisted of the part of North

AmericaCentral America

Caribbean Islands Much of South

America.

~The Colonial Class ~The Colonial Class System~System~

~The Colonial Class ~The Colonial Class System~System~PeninsularesPeninsulares

Spanish Spanish ancestoryancestory

PeninsularesPeninsularesSpanish Spanish

ancestoryancestoryCreolesCreolesSpanish Spanish

and and European European mixture.mixture.

CreolesCreolesSpanish Spanish

and and European European mixture.mixture.

MestizosMestizosSpanish Spanish

and and Indian Indian

mixturemixture

MestizosMestizosSpanish Spanish

and and Indian Indian

mixturemixture

MulattosMulattosSpanish Spanish

and Black and Black mixturemixture

MulattosMulattosSpanish Spanish

and Black and Black mixturemixture

Native IndiansNative IndiansNative IndiansNative Indians Black SlavesBlack SlavesBlack SlavesBlack Slaves

1. Spanish practice of securing an adequate and cheap labor supply = FEUDALISM

•“granted” to deserving subjects of the King2. Conquistador controlled Indian populations

•Required Indians to pay tribute from their lands•Indians often rendered personal services as well.

3. In return the conquistador was obligated to•protect his wards•instruct them in the Christian faith•defend their right to use the to live off the land

4. Encomienda system eventually decimated Indian population. 5. The King prevented the encomienda with the New Laws (1542) supported by de Las Casas, the system gradually died out.