The States of The States of MatterMatter

How does matter respond to its environment?

And the UNITUNIT Essential Question is…

What are the phases of matter?

Today’s Essential Question

I.I. The 5 phases of The 5 phases of mattermatter

D.D. gasgas E.E. plasmaplasma

B.B. solidsolid C.C. liquidliquid

A.A. Bose-Einstein condensateBose-Einstein condensate (BEC)(BEC)

Essential question: What are the phases of matter?

What causes matter to behave in a certain way?

At room temperature; why is Copper a solid, Mercury a liquid, and

Helium a gas?

II.II. The Kinetic Theory of The Kinetic Theory of Matter Matter

A.A. Moving particles have Moving particles have energy, energy, kinetic energykinetic energy

B.B. All particles of All particles of matter matter are in constant are in constant motionmotion

1.1. Determines the state or phase of matter Determines the state or phase of matter

2.2. Gives matter certain properties Gives matter certain properties

Essential question: What causes matter to behave a certain way?

What are the characteristics of

each phase of matter?

III.III. The The CommonCommon States States of of Matter Matter

A.A. Solids Solids

Essential question: What are the characteristics of each phase of matter?

1.1. Have a definite shape and volume Have a definite shape and volume

2.2. Particles are packed very close together and have order Particles are packed very close together and have order

3.3. Particles are fixed but can vibrate Particles are fixed but can vibrate

Like you guys right now in your

seats!

B.B. Liquids Liquids1.1. Particles are close together but they are free to Particles are close together but they are free to move aroundmove around

2.2. They have no definite shape They have no definite shape

3.3. They have a set volume due to the attraction They have a set volume due to the attraction among particlesamong particles

Essential question: What are the characteristics of each phase of matter?

Like you guys in the hallways!

C.C. Gases Gases1.1. They have no definite shape or volume They have no definite shape or volume

2.2. Energy is too high for particle attraction Energy is too high for particle attraction

3.3. Particles are far apart and move rapidly Particles are far apart and move rapidly

Essential question: What are the characteristics of each phase of matter?

Like you guys, June 3rd at 10:38!

D.D. Plasma Plasma1.1. Particles are ionized and glow Particles are ionized and glow

2.2. Is the most common phase of matter in the universe Is the most common phase of matter in the universe * 99% of observable matter in the universe* 99% of observable matter in the universe

Essential question: What are the characteristics of each phase of matter?

3.3. Examples: Examples:

low high

slow fast

low high

high low

high low

CYN (Check your notes)

• What are the 5 phases of matter? • All particles of matter are in _________ motion.• Which phase of matter has no definite shape or

volume?• Which phase of matter has a definite volume but

no definite shape?• Which phase of matter is like you guys at a pep

rally?• Which phase of matter is the most abundant in

the universe?

How do gasses react to changes in their environment ?

Focus: The Gas phase

IV.IV. The Behavior of The Behavior of GasesGases

Essential question: How do gases react to changes to their environment?

A.A. Pressure Pressure1.1. Particles colliding onto a surface causes pressure Particles colliding onto a surface causes pressure

2.2. Pressure is affected by three factors Pressure is affected by three factors

a. a. TemperatureTemperature- raising the temperature increases the - raising the temperature increases the speed of the molecules. This increases the pressure of speed of the molecules. This increases the pressure of the gas. the gas.

Click to

Try me

b. b. VolumeVolume- reducing the volume of a gas increases - reducing the volume of a gas increases the pressurethe pressure

Notice how the particles collide more as the volume decreases.

c. c. Number of particlesNumber of particles- the more particles there are, the - the more particles there are, the more collisions occur causing more pressuremore collisions occur causing more pressure

B.B. Boyle’s Law Boyle’s Law1.1. As the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure As the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure of the gas increasesof the gas increases

2.2. Volume and Volume and pressure will have pressure will have an inverse an inverse relationshiprelationship

P1 V1 = P2 V2

These are held constant

C.C. Charles’s Law Charles’s Law1.1. As the temperature of a gas increases, so As the temperature of a gas increases, so will the volume if pressure is held constantwill the volume if pressure is held constant

2.2. Temperature and Temperature and volume will have a volume will have a direct relationshipdirect relationship

V1

T1

V2

T2=

These are held constant

D.D. Combined Gas Law Combined Gas Law

P1 V1

T1

P2 V2

T2=

Index Card Pressure Tool

Now try it, and answer the following questions.

1. With constant Temperature, what happens to the pressure when the volume increases?

2. With constant Volume, what happens to the pressure when the temperature increases?

3. With constant Pressure, what happens to the temperature when the volume increases?

Complete the following gas problems:

1. A gas has a volume of 5.0L, at a pressure of 50KPa. What happens to the volume when the pressure is increased to 125KPa? The temperature doesn’t change.

2. Gas stored in a tank at 273K (0oC), has a pressure of 388 KPa. The safe limit for the pressure is 825 KPa. At what temperature will the gas reach this pressure?

3. At 10 oC, the gas in a cylinder has a volume of 0.250 L. The gas is allowed to expand to 0.285 L. What must the final temperature be for the pressure to remain constant? (You must convert 10 oC to K using the

conversion, oC + 273 = K)