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THE “STICKING” THE “STICKING” ISSUES OF ISSUES OF UNCTAD XIIUNCTAD XII

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THE CONCEPT OF THE CONCEPT OF POLICY SPACEPOLICY SPACE

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What does it mean ?What does it mean ?

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Par.4: [Developing countries need Par.4: [Developing countries need flexibility and policy space flexibility and policy space compatible with their specific compatible with their specific development conditions, taking into development conditions, taking into account international obligations, account international obligations, processes and rules.] processes and rules.] this sentence this sentence was deleted on 23 Aprilwas deleted on 23 April

55

Par.19: [Policy diversity [is necessary to enable each country to attain its – deleted on 23 April] can help countries attain their development priorities and objectives (…) there is no precise model for improved, growth-enhancing governance and institutions]. (…) [But developing countries, bearing in mind their specific environments, have to find an appropriate balance between national policy space and international disciplines and commitments – deleted on 23 April]. The specific policies and practices required for improved, growth-enhancing governance and institutions should be based on detailed and rigorous diagnostic analysis that identifies binding constraints on private-sector-led growth and development. Thus, national strategies for development should take into account the needs and circumstances of each country.]

66

Par.25: […there is a risk that the implementation of one-Par.25: […there is a risk that the implementation of one-size-fits-all policies will have unintended consequences, size-fits-all policies will have unintended consequences, and may even give results contrary to those produced by and may even give results contrary to those produced by same policy elsewhere (…) There is also a need to ensure same policy elsewhere (…) There is also a need to ensure that future agreements contain sufficient policy space to that future agreements contain sufficient policy space to allow for policy diversity in pursuit of development goals allow for policy diversity in pursuit of development goals and objectives.] and objectives.] deleted on 23 Aprildeleted on 23 April

Par.42: [UNCTAD should also continue its work on the Par.42: [UNCTAD should also continue its work on the concept of policy space, bearing in mind that it is concept of policy space, bearing in mind that it is particularly important for all countries to strike an particularly important for all countries to strike an appropriate balance between national policy space and appropriate balance between national policy space and international policy disciplines and commitments.] international policy disciplines and commitments.] deleted on 23 Aprildeleted on 23 April

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CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE

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Par.64: Climate change must be addressed Par.64: Climate change must be addressed owing to its economic and human owing to its economic and human implications. The United Nations Framework implications. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, in Convention on Climate Change, in accordance with the principle of common accordance with the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, is the appropriate respective capabilities, is the appropriate forum for negotiating issues related to the forum for negotiating issues related to the reduction of global warming. Climate change reduction of global warming. Climate change response measures can have trade and response measures can have trade and development implications, in particular for development implications, in particular for developing countries. developing countries. Approved on 9 AprilApproved on 9 April

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Par.107: [UNCTAD, Par.107: [UNCTAD, within its mandate, within its mandate, should, without should, without duplicating the duplicating the ongoing work of ongoing work of other other organisations, organisations, address the trade, address the trade, investment and investment and development development implications of implications of climate change in climate change in support of support of sustainable sustainable developmentdevelopment.].]

New par.107 approved New par.107 approved on 23 Aprilon 23 April: UNCTAD, : UNCTAD, within its mandate and within its mandate and without duplicating the without duplicating the ongoing work of other ongoing work of other organisations, organisations, should should consider climate change consider climate change in its ongoing work of in its ongoing work of assisting developing assisting developing countries with trade- and countries with trade- and investment-related issues investment-related issues in development in development strategies.strategies.

1010

Par.174: [Through Par.174: [Through its research and its research and [policy] analysis, [policy] analysis, UNCTAD should UNCTAD should help developing help developing countries make countries make informed policy informed policy choices choices to address to address the challenges the challenges posed by climate posed by climate change in relation change in relation to transport to transport strategiesstrategies (…)] (…)]

New par.174 New par.174 approved on 23 approved on 23 April: April: (…) (…) to to address the address the environmental environmental challenges in challenges in relation to relation to transport transport strategiesstrategies (…) (…)

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ENERGY AND ENERGY AND COMMODITIESCOMMODITIES

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Par.3: [For developing countries to Par.3: [For developing countries to reap the benefits of globalisation in reap the benefits of globalisation in the future there is a need to the future there is a need to address the impact of commodity address the impact of commodity dependence, including the dependence, including the volatility of prices, the effective volatility of prices, the effective use of revenues in periods of rising use of revenues in periods of rising commodity prices as well as the commodity prices as well as the diversification of production diversification of production structures in economies dependent structures in economies dependent on few commodities.] on few commodities.] approved on approved on 23 April23 April

1313

Par.84: [In relation to the Par.84: [In relation to the current commodity boom, current commodity boom, actions are needed to actions are needed to support the effective support the effective utilization by commodity-utilization by commodity-dependent developing dependent developing countries of the countries of the opportunities offered by opportunities offered by higher commodity prices higher commodity prices to initiate a process of to initiate a process of sustained economic sustained economic growth and poverty growth and poverty reduction, reduction, and to and to [address] [mitigate] the [address] [mitigate] the detrimental impact of detrimental impact of higher [commodity] higher [commodity] [energy and food] prices [energy and food] prices on the growth and on the growth and development prospects of development prospects of [net energy and food-[net energy and food-importing] developing importing] developing countries.]countries.]

New par.84 approved on New par.84 approved on 23 April23 April: Actions are : Actions are needed to support the needed to support the effective utilisation by effective utilisation by commodity-dependent commodity-dependent developing countries of developing countries of the opportunities offered the opportunities offered by current higher by current higher commodity prices to commodity prices to initiate a process of initiate a process of sustained economic sustained economic growth and poverty growth and poverty alleviation. alleviation. In this In this connection, there is also connection, there is also a need to address the a need to address the issue of volatility of issue of volatility of commodity pricescommodity prices. .

1414

MIGRATION MIGRATION

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Par.61: [Par.61: [Migration is a multi-dimensional Migration is a multi-dimensional issue and there are trade and development issue and there are trade and development challenges and opportunitieschallenges and opportunities. . The challenges The challenges posed by migration issues, including brain posed by migration issues, including brain drain, labour mobility, integration processes drain, labour mobility, integration processes and remittances, are important for trade and and remittances, are important for trade and development.development. New complementarities in New complementarities in demographics, labour forces and skills have demographics, labour forces and skills have created significant win-win opportunities with created significant win-win opportunities with trade and development implications in the trade and development implications in the area of the temporary movement of workers, area of the temporary movement of workers, which should be conducted in accordance which should be conducted in accordance with national laws.(…)]with national laws.(…)]

1616

New par.61 approved on 23 April:New par.61 approved on 23 April: Globalization and interdependence have Globalization and interdependence have resulted in increasing international resulted in increasing international migration flows. This phenomenon has migration flows. This phenomenon has served to underscore the important nexus served to underscore the important nexus between international migration and between international migration and development.development. New complementarities in New complementarities in demographics, labour forces and skills have demographics, labour forces and skills have created significant win-win opportunities created significant win-win opportunities with trade and development implications in with trade and development implications in the area of the temporary movement of the area of the temporary movement of workers, which should be conducted in workers, which should be conducted in accordance with national laws. accordance with national laws.

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Par.88: [(…) bilateral arrangements Par.88: [(…) bilateral arrangements between developed and developing between developed and developing countries, as well as regional countries, as well as regional arrangements, should facilitate the arrangements, should facilitate the movement of workers. This includes movement of workers. This includes measures that encourage temporary measures that encourage temporary migration, with better ways of migration, with better ways of ensuring return, mitigating brain ensuring return, mitigating brain drain, achieving “brain gain and brain drain, achieving “brain gain and brain circulation”, and maximising the circulation”, and maximising the productive use of remittances.(…)]productive use of remittances.(…)]

1818

New par.88 approved on 23 April: New par.88 approved on 23 April: Countries are encouraged to take into Countries are encouraged to take into consideration the development dimension consideration the development dimension of migration in the areas of global, of migration in the areas of global, regional and interregional cooperation regional and interregional cooperation with a view to facilitating dialogue and the with a view to facilitating dialogue and the exchange of information and experience, exchange of information and experience, fostering coordination at the regional and fostering coordination at the regional and national levels, building common national levels, building common understanding, promoting cooperation, understanding, promoting cooperation, contributing to capacity-building and contributing to capacity-building and strengthening partnership among strengthening partnership among countries of origin, transit and destination countries of origin, transit and destination in order to ake full advantage of the in order to ake full advantage of the benefits and opportunities that migration benefits and opportunities that migration brings to the global community. brings to the global community.

1919

Par. 102: [UNCTAD should continue its Par. 102: [UNCTAD should continue its research and policy analysis on the nexus research and policy analysis on the nexus between international migration, trade and between international migration, trade and development. It should also continue to development. It should also continue to analyse the potential of migrants’ analyse the potential of migrants’ remittances to contribute to development. It remittances to contribute to development. It should focus on ways to maximise the should focus on ways to maximise the benefitsbenefits from such remittances and from such remittances and minimise the costs through minimise the costs through appropriate appropriate policies in the countries of origin and in the policies in the countries of origin and in the destination countries.destination countries. (…)] (…)]

2020

New par.102 approved on 23 April: New par.102 approved on 23 April: Without prejudice to the work Without prejudice to the work undertaken in other forums and in undertaken in other forums and in cooperation with other organisations, cooperation with other organisations, UNCTAD, within its mandate, should UNCTAD, within its mandate, should conduct research and analysis on the conduct research and analysis on the potential potential benefitsbenefits of the movement of the movement of labour, trade, investment and of labour, trade, investment and development links between societies development links between societies of origin of migrants and their of origin of migrants and their expatriate communitiesexpatriate communities. .

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GOOD GOVERNANCE GOOD GOVERNANCE AND THE ROLE OF THE AND THE ROLE OF THE

STATESTATE

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Par.5: [Good governance at all levels, freedom, Par.5: [Good governance at all levels, freedom, peace and security, domestic stability, respect for peace and security, domestic stability, respect for human rights, including the right to development, human rights, including the right to development, the rule of law, gender equality, market-oriented the rule of law, gender equality, market-oriented policies and an overall commitment to just and policies and an overall commitment to just and democratic societies are essential for sustainable democratic societies are essential for sustainable and equitable development. Sustained economic and equitable development. Sustained economic growth, poverty eradication and employment growth, poverty eradication and employment creation, further require sound economic policies creation, further require sound economic policies and solid democratic institutions responsive to the and solid democratic institutions responsive to the needs of the people. Both, the role of the State and needs of the people. Both, the role of the State and the role of the market are vital for designing and the role of the market are vital for designing and implementing successful development strategies, implementing successful development strategies, reducing poverty and attaining equitable income reducing poverty and attaining equitable income distribution, building physical and human distribution, building physical and human infrastructure and addressing market failures where infrastructure and addressing market failures where they occur.] they occur.] Approved on 23 April.Approved on 23 April.

2323

Par. 41: [UNCTAD, because of its Par. 41: [UNCTAD, because of its credibility and expertise, can serve credibility and expertise, can serve as an important forum to exchange as an important forum to exchange and better appreciate measures of and better appreciate measures of good governance.] good governance.] deleted on 23 deleted on 23 AprilApril