the strawberry advisory system - uf/ifasplantpath.ifas.ufl.edu/classes/plp6404/lectures... · 2015....
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The Strawberry Advisory System
Natalia Peres
University of Florida
Department of Plant Pathology
Gulf Coast REC
FL strawberry industry overview
FL ~ 11,000 ac
2nd biggest U.S. producer
15% total production in U.S.
>$400 million industry
Plant City – “Winter strawberry
capital of the world”
9500
220
Strawberry Production Cycle
in West Central Florida
Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
Peak bloom periods
Land prep / planting
Peak harvest periods
Current major strawberry cultivars in FL
Florida Radiance
64%
Strawberry Festival
16%
Driscoll10%
Treasure2%
Winterstar™ 6%
Other2%
Major Strawberry Diseases in Florida
Anthracnose diseases
Anthracnose fruit rot (Colletotrichum acutatum)
Colletotrichum crown rot (C. gloeosporioides)
Botrytis fruit rot or Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea)
Powdery mildew (Podosphaerea aphanis)
Angular leaf spot (Xanthomonas fragariae)
Phytophthora crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum)
Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)
Major Strawberry Diseases in Florida
Anthracnose diseases
Anthracnose fruit rot (Colletotrichum acutatum)
Colletotrichum crown rot (C. gloeosporioides)
Botrytis fruit rot or Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea)
Powdery mildew (Podosphaerea aphanis)
Angular leaf spot (Xanthomonas fragariae)
Phytophthora crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum)
Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)
Anthracnose fruit rot
(caused by Colletotrichum acutatum)
Disease cycle
Peres, N.A., Timmer, L.W., Adaskaveg, J.E., Correll, J.C. 2005. Life styles of Colletotrichum acutatum. Plant Dis. 89: 784-796.
Botrytis fruit rot or gray mold
(caused by Botrytis cinerea)
Botrytis colonizes senescent foliage
Production of air- borne conidia
on foliage or fruit
Conidia infect flower parts
(stamen and petals)
Infection invades the receptacle as fruit matures
Spread can also be by fruit-to-fruit contact
Disease cycle
October November December January February March
Planting 1st Bloom 1st Harvest 2nd Bloom 2nd Harvest
Standard spray program for control of BFR and AFR in FL
Botrytis
Protective sprays
Bloom
spraysX X X
Late season
sprays
Anthracnose
Captan, Thiram
Captevate/Elevate, Switch, Pristine, Scala
Evaluate infection models developed to predict
the incidence of Botrytis and anthracnose fruit
rots for their effectiveness to time fungicide
applications
Replicated field trials with 2 cultivars during 3
consecutive strawberry seasons
Fungicides applied at variable intervals
according to models
Compared to a standard calendar program and an
untreated control
Development of a disease forecast system
Botrytis models
Botrytis models
Botrytis 2006-07 season
Disease incidence (%)
Treatment # Sprays Sweet Charlie Festival
Calendar standard 20 3.9 d 0.4
Xu model DI=0.5 15 4.1 d 1.0
Bulger-M Captan DI=0.5; Captevate DI=0.7
12 4.1 d 1.1
Bulger-Madden DI=0.5 9 4.6 cd 1.2
Broome DI=0.5 11 5.1 cd 1.5
Xu model DI=0.8 12 6.2 bcd 1.1
Bulger-Madden DI=0.7 8 7.7 bc 1.6
Broome DI=1.4 5 9.1 ab 3.5
Untreated control 0 12.7 a 3.3
Botrytis 2007-08 season
Disease incidence (%)
Treatment # Sprays Sweet Charlie Festival
Xu model DI=0.5 14 0.9 a 0.4
Bulger-Madden DI=0.5 8 1.7 ab 0.4
Calendar standard 16 1.8 ab 0.3
Broome DI=0.5 11 1.9 ab 0.4
Bulger-Madden DI=0.7 4 2.4 bc 0.3
Xu model DI=0.8 12 2.6 bc 0.6
Bulger-M Captan DI=0.5;
Captevate DI=0.710 3.2 bc 0.2
Broome DI=1.4 4 3.8 c 0.6
Untreated control 0 3.9 c 0.8
Disease incidence (%)
Treatment # Sprays Sweet Charlie Festival
Bulger-Madden DI=0.5 3 0.6 0.3
Calendar standard 17 0.6 0.2
Combined anthracnose and
Botrytis fruit rot INF6 0.8 0.4
Forecasted 3 0.8 0.3
Bulger-M Captan DI=0.5;
Captevate DI=0.74 0.9 0.4
Untreated control 0 1.3 0.5
Botrytis 2008-09 season
Anthracnose model
Anthracnose 2006-07 season
Disease incidence (%)
Treatment# Sprays
(captan; Cabrio)Camarosa Festival
Pre-symptom W-Mcaptan or pyraclostrobin
10
(6;4)2.1 a 0.4 ab
Calendar captan or pyraclostrobin
16
(12;4)3.1 ab 0.4 ab
Calendar
captan only
16
(16;0)4.0 ab 0.1 a
Post-symptom W-Mcaptan or pyraclostrobin
6
(4;2)4.8 ab 1.2 bc
Pre-symptom W-Mcaptan only
9
(9;0)5.5 bc 0.5 ab
Post-symptom W-Mcaptan only
5
(5;0)9.4 cd 0.9 bc
Untreated control 0 14.3 d 2.0 c
Anthracnose 2007-08 season
# Sprays Disease incidence (%)
Treatment(captan;
Cabrio)Camarosa Festival
Calendar
captan or pyraclostrobin16
(12;4)15.5 a 5.2 a
Pre-symptom W-Mcaptan or pyraclostrobin
11
(9;2)17.6 ab 6.3 ab
Calendar
captan only
16
(16;0)20.2 abc 5.9 a
Post-symptom W-Mcaptan or pyraclostrobin
8
(6;2)24.7 bc 7.9 ab
Pre-symptom W-Mcaptan only
11
(11;0)27.6 c 9.8 bc
Post-symptom W-Mcaptan only
9
(9;0)38.4 d 13.4 c
Untreated control 0 58.5 e 35 e
Anthracnose 2008-09 season
Disease incidence (%)
Treatment # Sprays Camarosa Festival
Calendar captan or pyraclostrobin 17 0.8 a 0.2
Calendar
captan only 17 1.1 a 0.2
Pre-symptom W-Mcaptan or pyraclostrobin 5 1.5 a 0.3
Combined anthracnose and
Botrytis fruit rot INF 5 1.8 a 0.8
Post-symptom W-Mcaptan or pyraclostrobin 5 2.0 a 0.4
Untreated control 0 8.3 b 0.4
Treatments and thresholds selected to
develop a web-based disease forecast system
Botrytis: Bulger-Madden DI > 0.5
Anthracnose: Wilson-Madden INF > 0.15; INF > 0.5
(pre-symptom)
Length of most recent wetness period
Average temperature during wetness event
Strawberry Advisory System as a
tool in AgroClimatehttp://agroclimate.org/tools/strawberry/
Strawberry Advisory System
Strawberry Advisory System
Weather data
Disease simulation
Spray recommendation
Email and SMS alerts
Strawberry AlertFloral City…….Botrytis: ModAnthrac: Mod
Grower trials
2 treatments:
Fungicide applications based on:
1) Grower standard
2) SAS recommendations
Data collection:
60 to 200 plants per treatment
1) Disease incidence (AFR and BFR)
2) Yield
1 2
5 to 15 acres
Strawberry Advisory System2010-11
Treatment Cultivar # Sprays BFR (%) AFR (%)
Farm 1
Grower Festival 16 5.0 a 2.2 a
SAS Festival 8 3.9 a 0.2 b
Farm 2
Grower Festival 18 3.5 a 2.2 a
SAS Festival 8 2.0 a 0.1 b
Farm 3
Grower Festival 12 1.7 a 0.8 a
SAS Festival 8 1.3 a 0.5 a
Farm 4
Grower Festival 18 2.2 a 0
SAS Festival 10 0.9 a 0
Strawberry Advisory System2011-12
Treatment Cultivar # sprays BFR (%) AFR (%)
Dover 1
SAS Alafia 11 2.3 a 0 a
Grower Alafia 13 2.7 a 0 a
Dover 2
SAS Radiance 11 32.5 a 0.1 a
Grower Radiance 13 28.2 a 0.1 a
Plant City
SAS Radiance 8 17.9 a 0.6 a
Grower Radiance 13 18.0 a 0.6 a
Floral City
SAS Festival 12 0.8 a 0.3 a
Grower Festival 17 0.9 a 0 a
Strawberry Advisory System2012-13
Treatment Cultivar # sprays BFR (%) AFR (%)
Dover
SAS Alafia 10 3.6 a 0.2
Grower Alafia 16 7.0 a 0.3
Plant City 1
SAS Radiance 7 3.9 a 0.3
Grower Radiance 15 2.0 a 0.5
Plant City 2
SAS Festival 7 4.5 a 0.2
Grower Festival 15 4.9 a 0
Floral City
SAS Festival 24 2.7 a 0
Grower Festival 15 3.4 a 0
Strawberry Advisory System2013-14
Treatment Cultivar # sprays BFR (%) AFR (%)
Plant City 1
SAS Radiance 11 2.1 a 0.5
Grower Radiance 16 4.4 a 0.5
Plant City 2
SAS Radiance 11 4.7 a 0.6
Grower Radiance 16 5.9 a 0.4
Floral City 1
SAS Winter Star 13 1.4 a 0
Grower Winter Star 18 0.5 a 0
Floral City 2
SAS Festival 13 1.6 a 0
Grower Festival 18 1.0 a 0
Summary
SAS can help FL growers reduce the number of fungicide applications for control of AFR and BFR without reducing disease control or yield
Recent survey has shown that around 50% of acreage is using SAS recommendations to manage AFR and BFR (success reasons)
USDA-SCRI project funded to validate and expand the system to North Carolina, South Carolina, Ohio and Iowa, California, New York, Virginia, Georgia… (challenges)
Botrytis outbreak in 2012
Evaluation of fungicide sensitivity in Botrytis from FL
12 locations surveyed Number of isolates = 470
n Number of isolates/field
Distribution of resistance to Pristine/Cabrio
HiPk
Ci
Sensitive
Resistant
Distribution of resistance to Scala/Cyprodinil
HiPk
Ci
Sensitive
Resistant
Distribution of resistance to Elevate
HiPk
Ci
Sensitive
Resistant
Distribution of resistance to Switch
HiPk
Ci
Sensitive
Resistant
Evaluation of fungicide sensitivity in Botrytis from FL
13.5
86.5
Pristine (boscalid)
40.5
59.5
Scala (pyrimetanil)
60
40
Elevate (fenhexamid)
5
95Topsin-M (thiophanatemethyl)
Sensitive Resistant
14.6
85.4Pristine (pyraclostrobin)
47.3
52.7
Switch (cyprodinil)
100
Switch (fludioxonil)
7
11
1
9
9
17
Multiple fungicide resistance in Florida
S Sensitive
FR1 Resistant to 1 fungicide
MR2 Resistant to 2 fungicdes
MR3 Resistant to 3 fungicdes
MR4 Resistant to 4 fungicdes
n = 19n = 50
n = 80
n = 29
n = 29
n = 70
n = 34
n = 60n = 57
Current recommendations
Apply only when conditions are conducive for BFR
development
Moderately favorable conditions
Thiram or Captan +
Elevate, Fontelis or (Merivon)*
Highly conducive
Switch
GCREC Strawberry Pathology