the structural theory of organic chemistry
TRANSCRIPT
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CARBON COMPOUNDS AND CHEMICAL BONDS
ENGLISH II
INTEGRANTES DE EQUIPO:
De Aquino Glvez Alexandra Ivette
De la Cruz Valencia Brenda Adriana
Domnguez Roque Kenia Eden
Hernndez Valdez Alhely
GRUPO: 201
CHILPANCINGO DE LOS BARVO, GRO; APRIL 24th 2013
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The structural theory is composed of two ideas: the atoms can form a
fixed number of links and a carbon atom can use multiple valences to
form bonds.
Keywords: Inorganic, organic, bond, structure Lewis.
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The compounds of carbon are central to life on this planet.Berzelius, in the early nineteenth century, suggested the existence of
two types of matter in nature, organic matter and inorganic matter. To
explain the differences between the two is admitted that organic matter
had a special composition and that its formation was due to a "vital
force" exclusive living and whose handling was not possible in thelaboratory. The crisis of this approach, called vitalism, took with the
rapid development of the chemistry of organic matter in the laboratory.
At present, because the old overcome Berzelius classification is called
organic chemistry the chemistry of the carbon derivatives include the
study of the compounds in which the element is an essential part,although many of them have no connection with living matter.
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"It showed that organic compounds are composed mainly of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen" (Antoine Lavoisier, 1784).
Between 1828 and 1850 a number of compounds that were clearly organic
were synthesized from source that were clearly inorganic. The firsh of these
syntheses was accomplished (Friedrich Wohler ,1828).
"I regard it as necessary and in the present state of chemical knowledge as
in many cases possible to explain the properties of chemical compounds bygoing back to the elements themselves which compose these compounds.
(August Von Kekul, 1858).
Promulgated a theory certain chemical bonds called "covalent bonds",
which are generated from non-metallic elements that have four or more
valence electrons, without reach eight.(Gilbert Lewis 1916).
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During the 1780s scientists began to distinguish
between organic compounds and inorganic
compounds.
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between 1828 and 1850 a
number of organic compounds
were synthesized from inorganicsources.
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Tetravalent Divalent Monovalent
cO
H
Cl
1. Atoms of the elements in the organic compounds can form a fixed number of
links.
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2. One carbon atom may use one or more of its valences to
form bonds with other atoms.
C C C C C C
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ISOMERS
C4H12O2 C4H12O2
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THE NUMBER OF VALENCE ELECTRONS OF AN ATOM CAN BE
OBTAINED FROM THE PERIODIC NUMBER OF THE ATOM, BECAUSE
IT IS EQUAL TO THE GROUP NUMBER OF THE ATOM.
Element Valencia
Electron Lewis
Structures
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HIDROGEN
OXIGEN
CHLORINE
CHLORIDE
SOME SHOWN HERE WITH YOUR SETTINGS ELECTRONIC
AND DEMONSTRATE ITS ELECTRON VALENCIA.
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OCTET RULE LINKED MET BY ATOMS.
LEWIS SYMBOLS STRUNTURE LEWIS
ATOMS ATOMS MEET THE
RULE IS LINKED BYTE
SEPARATELY
NOT COMPLY WITH
THE RULE OF BYTE
WATER
MOLECULE
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POSITIVE NEGATIVE INTERESTING
(8) Most historians of science
date its origin to the arly part
of the nineteenth century, a
time in which erroneous belief
was dispelled.
(3) Despus de la sntesis de
Whler sobre la urea el
vitalismo desaparece
lentamente de los crculos
cientficos.
Este tema es muy
importante porque nos
menciona los principios
bsicos de la qumica
orgnica. Sabiendo que de
un compuesto inorgnico se
puede formar un compuesto
orgnico medianteevaporacin y que los
elementos qumicos pueden
presentar varios tipos de
enlaces y representarse por
diagramas de punto.
(9) Structural theory
concerning the observation
and understanding of the way
the atoms bond in molecules.
(7) When two different
molecules have the same
molecular formula are called
isomers.
(9) The number of valence
electrons of an atom can be
obtained from the periodic
table because it is equal to the
group if the structure is an ion,we add or subtract electrons to
give it the proper charge.
(5) The ability to write proper
Lewis structures is one of the
most important tools for
learning organic chemistry.
(8) Electronegativity measures
the ability of an atom to attract
electrons.
(6) Ionic compounds form only
when atoms of very different
electronegativities transfer
electrons to become ions.
Positive: 34 puntos
Negative: 21 puntos
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This topic discusses the structural theory organic chemistry was studied
by A. Kekul, A. Scott Couper and A. M. Butlerov although separately.
This theory talks about the numbers of links that can form a chemical
element in addition to the various compounds that can be formed with asingle formula.
Lewis structure in talks about the octet rule tells us that the tendency of
ions periodic system, it is completing his last energy levels with a total of
8 electrons so stabilizes
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In conclusion we serve structural theory to understand the union
between the atoms and electrons to form molecules.
In Lewis structure says that to stabilize the energy of the element
has to fulfill the octet rule that everyone should have 8 electrons
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Structural theory of organic chemistry. 2010.
http://rabfis15.uco.es/weiqo/Tutorial_weiqo/Hoja3P1.html
Consulta: jueves 18 de abril de 2013.
Teora estructuralhttp://minificciones.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/4-teorc3ada-estructural.pdf
Consulta: jueves 18 de abril de 2013.
Qumica de los compuestos del carbono.
http://www.fisicanet.com.ar/quimica/organica/ap01_carbono.php#.UXQ2ab
WSDqUCONSULTA: Domingo 21 de abril de 2013.
Solomon Graham . Organic chemistry. 7th edition.