the struggle for democracy in south africa & apartheid
TRANSCRIPT
The Struggle for Democracy in South Africa & Apartheid
HISTORY Cape of Good Hope = 1st Euro settlement
Route to Asia, good climate, arable land, & resources Euros stayed along coast, natives moved inland
Afrikaners/Boers = Dutch farmers (17th cent) British (19th cent)
Tension arose b/c Boers used slaves 1868/1885: Diamonds & gold discovered Competition for land & resources led to…
Boer War (1899-1902) = Brits defeat Afrikaners National Party (1910) = Euro political party of S. Af.
APARTHEID: the separation of races
Policy of National Party to maintain control over black majority White-minority rule (13%) Deprived blacks of political rights, education, & economic
opportunity “Homelands” = inferior lands for blacks (poverty)
HOMELANDS
Homelands: non-whites were given less economically-productive lands that were segregated from the whites
IDENTITY CARD SYSTEM
APARTHEID RESISTANCE African National Congress (ANC)
Black South Af. political party Nelson Mandela = leader
became a national symbol of resistance spent 27 yrs. in South Africa’s prisons
ENDING APARTHEID 1986: Western nations imposed economic sanctions
Trade barriers created to motivate political change White S. Af. business owners lost billions of $$$ Motivated change
1990: Mandela is freed
1994: Universal suffrage! Nelson Mandela became president unity govt. converted South Africa
into a truly democratic nation 1997: a new constitution completed
the transition from white minority rule to democracy
ECONOMYMost developed African country
25% of Af’s economy Basis of wealth = minerals
Gold, diamonds, uranium, etc.
URBAN GEOGRAPHY Major cities are still separated
Rich white, poor black neighborhoods Integration has begun, but slowly
MODERN PROBLEMS>33% black South Africans unemployed25% = live in inadequate housing22% have (HIV)
highest in the world = lack of education & healthcare People cannot afford expensive drug treatment 2001: Govt. began distributing anti-AIDS drugs to
pregnant mothers w/HIV
THAT’S IT!