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The Stuart Monarchs 1603 - 1704

The first Stuart monarch, James I of England and VI of Scotland, succeeded to the throne of England when Elizabeth I died. He was the son of Mary Queen of Scots by her second husband

Lord Darnley, and great-great grandson of Henry VIII's sister Margaret.

The ascension of James VI of Scotland as _____________of England,united the countries of England and Scotland under one _____________ for the first time.He believed in the divine right of kings to rule, which made him

_______________with the English Parliament. James believed that he wasanswerable to ________alone and could not be __________by any court.

He _____________any interpretation of church doctrine different to his ownand authorised the use of the King James ____________that is still inexistence today.

James was a firm_______________ which led to the Gunpowder Plot of 1605. A group of _________________plotters planned to ______________Parliament when it opened onNovember 5. However, an anonymous _____________betrayed the plot and one of the plotters,

__________________, was captured in the ____________of the Houses of Parliament withenough ______________to blow the place sky high. Most of the ______________were capturedand executed. The Gunpowder Plot is still celebrated today every year at Bonfire Night, with

_____________and fireworks, on November 5th.

James I also introduced English and _____________Protestants into Northern Ireland through the ____________Plantation scheme and tried to keep England at ____________with the rest of Europe. Although he was a clever man, he was not able to solve the country's financial or politicalproblems. When he died in 1625 the country was badly in________.

peace - Guy Fawkes - debt – tried - plotters - forbade - God - protestant - letter - bonfires -unpopular - Ulster - gunpowder - Bible - cellars - James I - monarch – Catholic – Scottish - blow

up

Charles I continued his father's acrimonious relationship with Parliament,arguing over the right to levy________. Parliament responded with the

__________________in 1628. Its basic premise was that no taxes of anykind could be allowed without the _______________of Parliament.

Charles finally had enough, and in 1629 he _____________Parliament andruled without it for 11 years. Some of the ways he _____________moneyduring this period were of ____________legality by the standards of thetime.

Like his father he also believed in the _________________of Kings and heupset his Scottish subjects, many of whom were______________, byinsisting that they follow the same religion as his English subjects. Theresult was the two ______________Wars (1639-1640). Large numbers of people ______________from England as Archbishop Laud tried to impose

_______________on the church.

Charles' financial state had worsened to such a degree that he had nochoice but to _____________a Parliament whose condemnation of his styleof rule would lead the country to Civil War and Charles I to his

________________in 1649.

emigrated - raised - Bishops - dubious - execution - permission - DivineRight - Puritans - dissolved - Petition of Right - recall - Taxes - uniformity



In 1649, Oliver Cromwell took the title Lord _____________of the newlyformed _____________in England, known as the Commonwealth. Hisparliament consisted of a few chosen _______________and was notpopular either at home or abroad.

Cromwell disliked the Irish _____________and, on the pretence of punishment for the _____________of English _____________in 1641, helay siege to the town of ____________in 1649 and killed most of itsinhabitants. Having conquered Ireland he declared

war on the _______________- England's greatest trade rival. He went on to establish colonies inJamaica and the_______________.

Although he faced _______________from those who supported Charles I's son, Charles II, as the ____________King, (especially the Scots), Oliver Cromwell succeeded in establishing a soundreputation for the _________________by the time of his death in 1658. He was succeeded by his

son Richard, who had no wish to_______.

Cromwell's opponents were easily able to overthrow him and after a period of _____________ the _______________was restored with the ascension of Charles II.

Protector – Netherlands- Commonwealth - massacre - rule - Protestants - West Indies - anarchy -opposition - supporters – Drogheda - rightful - monarchy - Catholics - republic

After the ______________of his father in 1649, Charles assumed the titleCharles II of England, and was formally recognised as King of ____________

and Ireland.

In 1651 he led an ______________into England from Scotland to defeatCromwell and _____________the monarchy. He was defeated and _______ to France where he spent the next eight years.

In 1660 he was___________, by parliament, to return to England as KingCharles II. This event is known as the_________________.

He is known as the '___________ Monarch' because of his love of parties, music and the theatreand his ________________of the laws passed by ______________that forbade music and

dancing.

Charles was ________________with money and was forced to marry Portuguese Catherine of Braganza for the large dowry she would bring. He continued to have money problems and alliedEngland with_____________, a move that led to war with the Dutch and the acquisition of NewAmsterdam (now New York) for England. Charles II died in 1685.

France - Restoration - Merry – extravagant - Cromwell - Scotland - invited - fled - invasion -abolishment - Execution - restore



Charles II was succeeded by his ____________ James II (1685-88). James

was a____________, and he made several awkward attempts to re-establish

the ___________ of Catholics, which succeeded only in allying the

__________and Tories against him.

But he succeeded despite the passing of the ______________in 1673 (whichbarred all Roman Catholics from holding official _____________in Great

Britain) and the efforts of Parliament to have him by-passed.

In 1685 Charles' illegitimate son, the Duke of Monmouth, launched a

_____________ against James II but it was crushed and a series of

_____________ trials known as the Bloody ____________followed. The Lord

Chief Justice, George Jeffreys, condemned hundreds of men to death.

The Bloody Assizes led to an increasing number of calls for James to be replaced by

his______________, William of Orange and in 1688 the Dutchman was invited to take theEnglish___________. William's subsequent invasion of England and ascension to the throne isknown as The ______________Revolution. James fled to _____________where he lived until hisdeath in 1701.

treason - Whigs - throne – Glorious - Catholic - rights – France - Assizes - rebellion - positions -Brother - son-in-law - Test Acts

William III and his wife Mary II (daughter of James II), were proclaimed __________ sovereigns of England in 1688 following the Glorious _____________.

James II had been driven out of England because of his ______________rule,and his Roman_______________. Parliament passed a ________________in1689 which restricted the ____________of the monarch. He could no longer

_____________laws, levy taxes, or maintain a standing ____________duringpeacetime without Parliament's permission. This meant that William and Marybecame _______________monarchs, which is the reason why this is calledthe Glorious Revolution.

They were accepted by Scotland, but____________, which was mainlyCatholic, remained loyal to_____________. William led an army into Ireland

and James was defeated at the Battle of the ____________in 1690. ____________died in 1694 and William ruled alone until his death in 1702.

autocratic - Mary II - James II - powers - Joint - Ireland - constitutional - army -Bill of Rights - Boyne - Catholicism – Revolution - suspend

Queen Anne was the sister of Mary II and was married to Prince George of Denmark. She was a committed ______________and supported the GloriousRevolution that _____________her father and replaced him with her

___________and brother-in-law. In 1707 the Act of ___________formallyunited the Kingdoms of _____________and Scotland. She was the last

_________monarch as none of her eighteen children _____________beyondinfancy. Anne died in 1714.

sister - survived - deposed - England - Union - Protestant - Stuart

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