the study of computing is much more than just learning to use computers

8/8/2019 The Study of Computing is Much More Than Just Learning to Use Computers

1/25


2/25


3/25


4/25


5/25


6/25

Computer network From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaJump to : navigation , search "Computer networks" redirects here. For the periodical, see Computer Networks(journal) .

A computer network , often simply referred to as a network, is a group of computers and devices interconnected by communications channels that facilitatecommunications among users and allows users to share resources. Networks may

be classified according to a wide variety of characteristics.

Web design is the skill of creating presentations of content (usually hypertext or hypermedia ) that is delivered to an end-user through the World Wide Web , using aWeb browser or other Web-enabled software . The intent of web design is to createa website a collection of electronic documents and applications that reside on aWeb server /servers . The website may include text, images, sounds and other content, and may be interactive.

Definitions of e commerce on the Web:

y commerce conducted electronically (as on the internet)wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

y Electronic commerce, commonly known as (electronic marketing) e-commerce or eCommerce, consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Commerce

y Commercial activity conducted via the Interneten.wiktionary.org/wiki/e-commerce

y Any on-line transaction of buying and selling where business is done viaElectronic Data Interchange (EDI).www.wnd.com/mediakit/glossary.asp

y E-commerce (or electronic commerce) is any business transaction whose priceor essential terms were negotiated over an online system such as an Internet,


7/25

Extranet, Electronic Data Interchange network, or electronic mail system. ...bhs.econ.census.gov/econhelp/glossary/

y E-Commerce means conducting business on the Internet. It is mostly referred tobuying and selling items on line.www.platgroupng.com/website_articles/web_design_terms.php

y

The means by which people conduct business online - trading money for services. The process of taking money via credit card transactions, PayPal andother forms of payment - in exchange for a service or product sold via theinternet, is E-Commerce.www.envisionwebhosting.com/reference/glossary-2.php

y Web-based retail operations.www.printconsulting.com/resources/glossary/e.html

y Taking money online. more on e-commerce.www.hammerdesign.co.uk/glossary_of_internet_terms_and_buzzwords/

y This is a company which organizes online delivery of products and services for the online market. Products and services are directly sold to the consumers.

Online book stores, retail stores, gift stores and all kind of online catalogs can beexample of this model.www.serpslogic.com/seo-glossary/internet-marketing.html

y Buying and selling items over the Internet. Amazon and eBay are primeexamples, but many major businesses have an e-commerce component.www.barcodesinc.com/articles/economic-and-retail-terms.htm

y This contract contemplates the possibility of an e-commerce enabled site. If ashopping cart is required for the Client's site, default software and the host will bechosen following discussion between the Developer and the Client. ...www.zirconplace.com/terms.htm

y Ability to conduct business (buy and sell) via the Internet. Requires programmingwithin the website along with payment processing abilities.www.ideabankmarketing.com/resources/glossaries/interactive

y Buying and selling of goods and services by means of the Net and the mobiletelephony without there exists no kind of physical contact between buyer andseller. ...www.latencia.com/marketingglossary.html

y Business conducted over the Internet in which a financial transaction or bindingcommitment to exchange of goods/services occurs.aede.osu.edu/Programs/e-agbiz/pageglossary/main.html


8/25

Definitions of w eb design on the Web:

y Web design is the skill of creating presentations of content (usually hypertext or hypermedia) that is delivered to an end-user through the World Wide Web, byway of a Web browser or other Web-enabled software like Internet television

clients, microblogging clients and RSS readers.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_design y Tableless web design (or tableless web layout) is a method of web design and

development without using HTML tables for page layout control purposes. ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_design_(Tableless)

y The trade of a web designer; the creation of web pages, especially in terms of layout and presentation rather than functionalityen.wiktionary.org/wiki/web_design

y The production of the look and feel of a site and all its visual elements includingpage layout, background and spot imagery, color scheme, typography,navigation buttons, etc.

www.pavegraphics.com/glossary.htm y Theoretical layout of graphics, text, and images which will eventually bedeveloped into a Web site.www.geemultimedia.com.au/glossary.asp

y The design and development of a web site.www.powerhousemuseum.com/designersatwork/glossary.html

y The arrangement and creation of web pages that in turn make up a web site.There are many aspects to this process, and due to the rapid development of theInternet, new aspects are continually being added. ...www.best-web-design.com/definitions.html

y the selection and coordination of available components to create the layout and

structure of a Web page.keywordmktg.com/Glossary.aspx y is a process of conceptualisation, planning, modeling, and execution of electronic

media content delivery via Internet in the form of technologies (such as markuplanguages) suitable for interpretation and display by a web browser or other web-based graphical user interfaces (GUIs). ...www.delicious-webdesign.com/website-design-uncovered.html

y The intense work involved in creating a website that encompasses graphicdesign, search engine optimization and web content creation and editing toaddress the four areas of a website's content, usability, appearance and visibility....

www.imcd.com/web_design_seo_glossary/web_design_glossary_W.html y Using visual elements such as images, graphics, icons, and content formatting todisplay (ie design) content on the internet. Web design is NOT web development.Think of it this way: web design is how it looks.www.10thingsihateaboutyoursite.com/glossary/

y the process of planning and devloping a web-based presentation or applicationthat will bring about an intended result. In today's market it's also assumed that


9/25

the web designer produces the design as well.www.miketkong.com/mkdesign/webglossary.php

Definitions of system analysis and design on the Web:

y Systems analysis is the interdisciplinary part of science, dealing with analysis of sets of interacting entities, the systems, often prior to their automation ascomputer systems, and the interactions within those systems. This field is closelyrelated to operations research. ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Analysis_and_Design

Enterprise Net w orking

The networking infrastructure in a large enterprise with multiple computer systems and networksof different types is extraordinarily complex. Due to the myriad of interfaces that are required,much of what goes on has little to do with the real data processing of the payroll and orders. Anenormous amount of effort goes into planning the integration of disparate networks and systemsand managing them, and, planning again for yet more interfaces as marketing pressures forcevendors to develop new techniques that routinely change the ground rules.

Application Development/Configuration Management There are a large number of programming languages and development tools for writing today'sapplications. Each development system has its own visual programming interface for buildingGUI front ends and its own fourth-generation language (4GLs) for doing the business logic.Programmers are always learning new languages to meet the next generation.

Traditional programming has given way to programming for graphical user interfaces andobject-oriented methods, two technologies with steep learning curves for the traditionalprogrammer.

Programming managers are responsible for maintaining legacy systems in traditional languageswhile developing new systems in newer languages. They must also find ways to keep track of all the program modules and ancillary files that make up an application when severalprogrammers work on a project. Stand-alone version control and configuration management


10/25

programs handle this, and parts of these systems are increasingly being built into thedevelopment systems themselves (see configuration management ).

Database Management Like all software, a database management system (DBMS) must support the hardware platformand operating system it runs in. In order to move a DBMS to another platform, a version mustbe available for the new hardware and operating system. The common database languagebetween client and server is SQL, but each DBMS vendor implements its own rendition of SQL,requiring a special SQL interface to most every DBMS.

Database administrators must select the DBMS or DBMSs that efficiently process the dailytransactions and also provide sufficient horsepower for decision support. They must decidewhen and how to split the operation into different databases, one for daily work, the other for adhoc queries. They must also create the structure of the database by designing the recordlayouts and their relationships to each other.

Operating S ystems Operating systems are the master control programs that run the computer system. Single-user operating systems, such as Windows and Mac, are used in the clients, and multiuser networkoperating systems, such as Windows NT/2000, Unix and NetWare, are used in the servers.Windows is the clear winner on the desktop, but Windows and Unix compete with each other for the server side.

The operating system sets the standard for the programs that run under it. The choice of operating system combined with the hardware platform determines which ready-madeapplications can be purchased to work on it.

Systems programmers and IT managers must determine when newer versions of operatingsystems make sense and plan how to integrate them into existing environments.

Communications Protocols Communications protocols determine the format and rules for how the transmitted data areframed and managed from the sending station to the receiving station. Exchanging data andmessages between PCs, Macs, mainframes and Unix servers used to mean designing networksfor a multiprotocol environment. Today, most enterprises have migrated their proprietaryprotocols (IBM's SNA, Apple's AppleTalk, Novell's IPX/SPX, Microsoft's NetBEUI) to the Unix-based TCP/IP protocol, which is the transport of the Internet.

LANs Transmission from station to station within a LAN is performed by the LAN access method, or data link protocol, which is typically Ethernet. As traffic expands within an organization, higher bandwidth is required, causing organizations to plan for faster Ethernet connections (from 100

Mbps to 1,000 Mbps to 10,000 Mbps).Repeaters, bridges, routers, gateways, hubs and switches are the devices used to extend,convert, route and manage traffic in an enterprise network. Increasingly, one device takes onthe job of another (a router does bridging, a hub does routing). Over the years, vendor offeringshave been dizzying.

Network traffic is becoming as jammed as the Los Angeles freeways. Network administratorshave to analyze current network traffic in light of future business plans and increasing use of


11/25

Web pages, images, sound and video files. They have to determine when to increase networkbandwidth while maintaining existing networks, which today have become the technical lifebloodof an enterprise.

W ANs Transmitting data to remote locations requires the use of private lines or public switchedservices offered by local and long distance carriers and Internet providers. Connections can beas simple as dialing up via modem or by leasing private lines, such as T1 and T3. Switched 56,frame relay, ISDN, SMDS and ATM offer a variety of switched services in which you pay for thedigital traffic you use. With Internet access, you typically pay a fixed amount per month basedon the total bandwidth of the connection.

Laptop use has created a tremendous need for remote access to LANs. Network administratorshave to design LANs with a combination of remote access and remote control capability to allowmobile workers access to their databases and processing functions.

Net w ork Management Network management is the monitoring and control of LANs and WANs from a centralmanagement console. It requires network management software, such as IBM's NetView andHP's OpenView. The Internet's SNMP has become the de facto standard management protocol,but there are many network management programs and options. For example, there are morethan 30 third-party add-ons for HP's popular OpenView software.

S ystems and S torage Management Systems management includes a variety of functions for managing computers in a networkedenvironment, including software distribution, version control, backup & recovery, printer spooling, job scheduling, virus protection and performance and capacity planning. Networkmanagement may also fall under the systems management umbrella.

Storage management has become critical for two reasons. First, there is an ever-increasing

demand for storage due to the Internet, document management and data warehousing as wellas increasing daily transaction volume in growing companies. Secondly, finding the time windowin a 7x24 operation to copy huge databases for backup, archiving and disaster recovery hasbecome more difficult.

Electronic Mail Most earlier proprietary mail systems have given way to Internet protocol-based e-mail;however, some still remain within the enterprise. No matter which mail system is used, keepingthe network safe from virus-laden attachments and preventing it from overloading because of spam is an ongoing challenge.

The Internet and Intranets

As if everything above is not enough to keep the technical staff busy, the World Wide Webcame along in the mid-1990s with the force of a tornado, and nothing in the IT world would ever be the same. Today, the Internet sets many of the standards, and the browser has become aninterface for accessing just about everything. Every component of system software fromoperating system to database management system, as well as every application on the market,was revamped in some manner to be Internet compliant. Today, almost every new applicationdeals with the Internet in some manner.


12/25

In S ummary Happy Computing!

D atabase designFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation , search

D atabase design is the process of producing a detailed data model of a database .This logical data model contains all the needed logical and physical design choicesand physical storage parameters needed to generate a design in a Data DefinitionLanguage , which can then be used to create a database. A fully attributed datamodel contains detailed attributes for each entity.

The term database design can be used to describe many different parts of thedesign of an overall database system . Principally, and most correctly, it can bethought of as the logical design of the base data structures used to store the data. Inthe relational model these are the tables and views . In an object database theentities and relationships map directly to object classes and named relationships.However, the term database design could also be used to apply to the overall

process of designing, not just the base data structures, but also the forms andqueries used as part of the overall database application within the databasemanagement system (DBMS). [1]

The process of doing database design generally consists of a number of stepswhich will be carried out by the database designer. Usually, the designer must :

y D etermine the relationships between the different data elements.


13/25

y S uperimpose a logical structure upon the data on the basis of theserelationships. [2]

''I nternet System A dministrators are t h e data

cowboys of t h e computer world. T h ey maintainnetworks so t h at t h e user community can h aveunbroken access to t h e I nternet, '' says PaulCh effers, an I nternet System A dministrator.

I t is estimated t h at t h ere are about 1,300I nternet system administrators working inW estern A ustralia, mainly in t h e Pert h Metropolitan area.

Eac h year, approximately 800 training places areoffered in degrees majoring in an informationtec h nology discipline. Not all of t h ese coursegraduates will c h oose to work as I nternet systemadministrators, many opting instead for careersin software development, web design or as an I Ttec h nician.


14/25

A n I nternet system administrator is responsible forestablis h ing and maintaining networks t h at are connected

to th

eInternet. Given t

heir tec

hnical capabilities, t

heymay also be known as I nternet tec h nicians. T h ey work

mainly wit h network servers, powerful computersdedicated to t h e task of facilitating data transfer betweenmac h ines. A n end user ' s PC communicates wit h a serverin order to access t h e I nternet.

System A dministrators need to be familiar wit h a diverserange of systems. T h e majority of network servers areUNIX or sometimes W I NDO W S NT mac h ines. Commonserver software packages include A pac h e and Squid, bot h of w h ich act as web servers.

You ' ve Got Mail!

Email is central to modern computing, yet few peopleh ave any understanding of h ow it works, transferringinformation between different and generally incompatiblecomputer systems wit h apparent ease. I t is t h e systemadministrator w h o is responsible for keeping mail transferagents functioning.

A ccording to Paul C h effers, t h ere are many configurationparameters, w h ich must be set to make t h ese programswork properly. A s a result, system administrators spend alot of t h eir time installing, configuring or upgrading t h eseprograms. Often, t h e system administrators are requiredto spend a fair amount of time using I nternet resources tofind out h ow to configure t h e system and to acquire t h enecessary software.

I nternet system administrators also investigate softwareor h ardware problems. For example, t h ey may h ave toinstall new serial port cards, components t h at enablecommunication between telep h ones and computers. I f two mac h ines on a network are not communicatingproperly, it is t h eir job to figure out w h y. Performing t h istask requires a detailed understanding of exactly h ow it isth at computers communicate to one anot h er.


15/25

Exc h anging I nformation

I n addition, system administrators also configure andmonitor routers. T h ese are very robust, special purpose

computers t h at ferry ' packets of information ' between onecomputer network and anot h er. Routers are connected toat least two networks and decide w h ich way to send eac h information packet based on t h eir understanding of t h estate of t h e network. System administrators wouldgenerally connect routers using p h one lines or et h ernetcables (network cables).

Useful Computer Skills

Th e I nternet runs on a protocol called TCP/ I P(Transmission Control Protocol/ I nternet Protocol), w h ich enables mac h ines to communicate wit h eac h ot h er bot h locally over I ntranets, and over t h e I nternet itself. Systemadministrators need to h ave an excellent understanding of h ow software packages use t h ese protocols to assist inth e transfer of data between mac h ines. S h ould abreakdown in t h is transfer occur, system administratorsmust understand t h e nature of communications protocolsin order to isolate t h e problem, and solve it.

Paul says t h e main component t h at TCP/ I P protocols relyon is I P numbers, ot h erwise known as I P addresses.Th ese numbers define t h e location to w h ich a data packetis to be sent. T h e I P system is t h e central definingcommunications protocol of t h e entire I nternet.

'' So an understanding of t h e I P system is crucial in t h is job, '' h e says.

I f t h is occupation h as your name all over it, t h en it wouldbe beneficial to h ave skills in UN IX systems administrationand PERL programming, as well as an aptitude forI nternet services administration.

Wh ere You ' ll Find T h ese Data Cowboys


16/25

I nternet system administrators work indoors in anairconditioned office environment at t h eir company ' sh eadquarters. T h ey don ' t p h ysically h ave to be at a user ' sdesk to deal wit h problems. Using software, t h ey can stay

at t h eir desks and deal wit h any incidents or problemsfrom t h ere. T h ey would just telenet into a mac h ine, w h ich is like a virtual console t h at listens in on t h e Net, andprovide services, suc h as assisting t h e browser find w h atit needs.

A ccording to I T industry representatives, most largeorganisations utilise t h e services provided by I nternetsystem administrators. I n fact, w h ere once t h eseadministrators were largely employed on a contract basis,th ere is now a s h ift toward permanent employmentaccording to an I con ( I T) recruitment specialist. Demandfor t h ese computing cowboys is currently sound.

Th e starting salary in t h is occupation is about $30,000 peryear and t h is may go as h ig h as $80,000 for someonewit h several years experience in t h e industry.

Definitions of Information security on the Web:

y Information security means protecting information and information systems fromunauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification or destruction.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_security

y an all encompassing term that refers to the security of the information systemsthat are used and the data that is processed.www.public.iastate.edu/~ecommerce/glossary.html

y The implementation of programs and practices that protect the integrity andsafety of computer programs and information.www.nekwib.org/survey-definitions.html

y The securing or safeguarding of all sensitive information, electronic or otherwise,which is owned by an organization.www.state.mn.us/portal/mn/jsp/content.do

y Preservation of the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information.it.med.miami.edu/x2224.xml

y The protection of data against unauthorized access. Programs and data can besecured by issuing passwords and digital certificates to authorized users.However, passwords only validate that a correct number has been entered, notthat it is the actual person. ...www.imvajra.com/glossary1.html


17/25

y Situation in which information security risks are under control.www.tietoturvakoulu.fi/en/index/opettajille/sanastoa.html

Computer Forensics

Definitions of Computer forensics on the Web:

y Computer forensics is a branch of forensic science pertaining to legal evidencefound in computers and digital storage media. Computer forensics is also knownas digital forensics.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_forensics

y The application of computer technology and techniques to aid legalinvestigations.www.forensicsciencecentral.bravehost.com/glossary.shtml

y Computer Forensics is the use of specialized techniques for recovery,authentication, and analysis of electronic data when a case involves issuesrelating to reconstruction of computer usage, examination of residual data,authentication of data by technical analysis or explanation of technical ...www.precisecyberforensics.com/glossary.html

What is Project Management .

Project management is the science (and art) of organizing thecomponents of a project, whether the project is development of anew product, the launch of a new service, a marketing campaign,

or a wedding. A project isn't something that's part of normalbusiness operations. It's typically created once, it's temporary,and it's specific. As one expert notes, "It has a beginning and anend." A project consumes resources (whether people, cash,materials, or time), and it has funding limits.


18/25

Project Management Basics

No matter what the type of project, project management typicallyfollows the same pattern:

1. D efinition2. Planning3. Execution4. Control5. Closure

D efining the Project

In this stage the project manager defines what the project is andwhat the users hope to achieve by undertaking the project. Thisphase also includes a list of project deliverables, the outcome of a

specific set of activities. The project manager works with thebusiness sponsor or manager who wants to have the project implemented and other stakeholders -- those who have a vestedinterest in the outcome of the project.

Planning the Project

D efine all project activities. In this stage, the project managerlists all activities or tasks, how the tasks are related, how longeach task will take, and how each tasks is tied to a specificdeadline. This phase also allows the project manager to definerelationships between tasks, so that, for example, if one task is xnumber of days late, the project tasks related to it will also reflect a comparable delay. Likewise, the project manager can set milestones, dates by which important aspects of the project needto be met.

D efine requirements for completing the project. In this stage, theproject manager identifies how many people (often referred to as"resources") and how much expense ("cost") is involved in theproject, as well as any other requirements that are necessary forcompleting the project. The project manager will also need tomanage assumptions and risks related to the project. The project manager will also want to identify project constraints. Constraintstypically relate to schedule, resources, budget, and scope. Achange in one constraint will typically affect the other constraints.For example, a budget constraint may affect the number of people who can work on the project, thereby imposing a resourceconstraint. Likewise, if additional features are added as part of project scope, that could affect scheduling, resources, and


19/25

budget.

Ex ecuting the Project

Build the project team. In this phase, the project manager knowshow many resources and how much budget he or she has towork with for the project. The project manager then assignsthose resources and allocates budget to various tasks in theproject. Now the work of the project begins.

Controlling the Project

The project manager is in charge of updating the project plans toreflect actual time elapsed for each task. By keeping up with thedetails of progress, the project manager is able to understandhow well the project is progressing overall. A product such as

Microsoft Project facilitates the administrative aspects of project management.

Closure of the Project

In this stage, the project manager and business owner pulltogether the project team and those who have an interest in theoutcome of the project (stakeholders) to analyze the finaloutcome of the project.

Time, Money, Scope

Frequently, people refer to project management as having threecomponents: time, money, and scope. Reducing or increasing anyone of the three will probably have an impact on the other two. If a company reduces the amount of time it can spend on a project,that will affect the scope (what can be included in the project) aswell as the cost (since additional people or resources may berequired to meet the abbreviated schedule).

Project Portfolio Management

Recent trends in project management include project portfoliomanagement (PPM). PPM is a move by organizations to get control over numerous projects by evaluating how well eachproject aligns with strategic goals and quantifying its value. Anorganization will typically be working on multiple projects, eachresulting in potentially differing amounts of return or value. Thecompany or agency may decide to eliminate those projects with alower return in order to dedicate greater resources to the


20/25

remaining projects or in order to preserve the projects with thehighest return or value.

Project Management Resources

Scrappy Project Management, Part 1

Scrappy Project Management, Part 2

Laying the Foundation for Leading a Project Management Office

The Whole Entire History of Project Management in 20 Minutes

What is Microsoft Project?

Definitions of Project management on the Web:

y Project management is the discipline of planning, organizing, and managingresources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals andobjectives. ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_management

y Knowledge of, and experience with, Project Management methodologieswww.harveynash.com/uk/microsites/ihtsdo/2009/11/job_description.asp

y The application of modern management techniques and systems to theexecution of a project from start to finish, to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, quality, time and cost, to the equal satisfaction of those involved.cio.osu.edu/projects/framework/glossary.html

y Project management refers to the sum of all methods used and to managementof the various individual activities needed to carry out > projects.www.actano.com/20911_EN-What%B4s_new-Glossary.htm

y Planning, monitoring and control of all aspects of a project and the motivation of all those involved in it to achieve the project objectives on time and to thespecified cost, quality and performance (Alternative definition The controlled


21/25

implementation of defined change).www.brunswickis.co.uk/project-management-glossary.asp

y A service that provides genetics to marketing of products.livestock.landmark.com.au/terms-and-definitions/

y Project management is the process by which projects are defined, planned,

monitored, controlled and delivered such that the agreed benefits are realised.Projects are unique, transient endeavours undertaken to achieve a desiredoutcome. ...www.apm.org.uk/Definitions.asp

y application of the knowledge, skills, tools and techniques during the projectactivities in order to meet or surpass the needs and expectations of all theparticipants interested in the project results;www.unizg.hr/tempusprojects/glossary.htm

y As a discipline, Project Management developed from different fields of application including construction, engineering, and defense. ...www.collaborationpedia.com/

y

The methods and disciplines used to define goals, plan and monitor tasks andresources, identify and resolve issues, and control costs and budgets for aspecific project.www.bridgefieldgroup.com/bridgefieldgroup/glos7.htm

y The use of skills and knowledge for co-ordinating the organisation, planning,scheduling, directing, controlling, monitoring and evaluating of prescribedactivities to ensure that the stated objectives of a project are achieved.www.4eto.co.uk/ERP-Software-Concepts-Terms-P.asp

y A management philosophy that says that efficient management will yield effectiveresults. Specifically, efficient management of resources and constraints toperform tasks in order to achieve a desired result.krypton.mnsu.edu/~tony/courses/609/PERT/defs.html

y A project manager oversees the execution of entire project or publication,including hiring members of the production team, assigning tasks, organizing andscheduling the writing and production process, and attending to all administrativedetails. Fees: $80 to $100 per hour www.writerseditors.com/services.htm

y A qualified individual or firm authorized by the owner to be responsible for coordinating time, equipment, money, tasks and people for all or specifiedportions of a specific project.www.mastercustomhomes.com/services/construction-terms/

y is a critical skill required for execution. It is an essential organizing andmanagerial discipline in getting things done. The art of managing the product andservice development cycle to achieve a balance of time, cost and quality isproject management.civilengineerblog.com/forum/project-managers/definitions-of-management/page-1/post-30/


22/25

S ystems Analysis and Design

The chapter begins by discussing the motivation for information systems development.The systems life cycle is distinguished from the systems development life cycle. Thesteps in the traditional systems development life cycle are then discussed. They are

systems analysis, systems design, systems development and implementation, andsystems operation and maintenance. Systems analysis comprises requirementsanalysis, systems survey, feasibility analysis, logical modeling, and model integration.Systems design is focused on developing a physical model from the logical modeldeveloped during the systems analysis stage. Documentation of the physical model andfeasibility analysis are also conducted during the systems design stage. Systemsdevelopment and implementation seeks to create data structures, perform thenecessary detailed programming, test the system, perform training, convert data fromthe old to the new system, and document the process. The final step in the systemsdevelopment life cycle is systems operation and maintenance. This step focuses onsystems conversion from the old to the new system, maintenance of the new system,

and the post-implementation review. Various systems conversion options are discussedand the two goals of the post-implementation review are described.

The chapter then presents two project management techniques -- Pert and Ganttcharts. Alternatives to the traditional SDLC are then discussed. Tools to speed upapplication development, and tools to enhance user involvement in the design anddevelopment process are described. CASE tools are identified as the key method of speeding up application development. RAD, JAD, and prototyping were presented asthree approaches to increase the extent of user involvement in the systems designprocess.

Definitions of E-business on the Web:

y Electronic business, commonly referred to as "eBusiness" or "e-business", maybe defined as the utilization of information and communication technologies (ICT)in support of all the activities of business. ...en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-business

y Alternative spelling of e-businessen.wiktionary.org/wiki/e-Business

y The practice of servicing businesses or employees over the Internet; Thepractice of running a business over the Internet; e-commerce; A business thatoperates partially or primarily over the Internet, usually providing services toother businessesen.wiktionary.org/wiki/e-business

y Encompasses all of what has been called e-commerce, and includes everyaspect of the organisation's strategy and operations. In its narrowest sense, e-


23/25

business means the use of information and the Internet technologies to conductbusiness between buyers, sellers and other trading partners.www.geemultimedia.com.au/glossary.asp

y The use of Web-based technology to improve performance, create value andstrengthen relationships with customers, suppliers, business partners,

shareholders and employees.www.spectraenergy.com/investors/glossary/e/ y The processes and tools that allow an organization to use Internet-based

technologies and infrastructure, both internally and externally, to conduct day today business process operations.www.cylogy.com/library/glossary.html

y Also known as "e-commerce", this term describes any commercial transactionsconducted over the web (buying and selling of goods or services).www.help2go.com/Tutorials/Internet_Basics/Internet_Glossary.html

y Business that uses computer media and involves a minimum of two players.aede.osu.edu/Programs/e-agbiz/pageglossary/main.html

y

The use if information technology among buyers, sellers and other tradingpartners for the purpose of improving customer service, reducing costs, andopening new markets and channels to increase shareholder valueecommerce.etsu.edu/Glossary.htm

y Electronic trade in goods, information, money, services etc. on the Internet.www.itst.dk/filer/Publikationer/aarsberetninger/aarsberetning_2008/ar_0607_annex/ar_0607_annex/kap09.htm

y a term that is easily confused with E-Commerce. E-Business may be an umbrellaterm that refers to any type of business transaction on the Internet. ...www.translationdirectory.com/glossaries/glossary017_e.htm

y The transaction of business by way of electronic media, such as telephones, faxmachines, computers, and video-teleconferencing equipment. This generally isbroader than e-commerce although some may view e-business and e-commerceas interchangeable terms.www.ifs-de.com/pages/glossary_files/Egloss.htm

y stands for electronic business and refers to any kind of sales, services,purchasing or commerce on the Internet.att-promotions.com/glossary.php

y Conducting business online; commonly sales transactions and/or marketing.mcgrawhill.ca/college/larson10/student/olc/10fal_gloss_01.html

y Web Architecture/Integration, Data Warehousing, Customer RelationshipManagement (CRM), Enterprise Application Integration (EAI), BusinessExchanges/Marketplaces. (14% of revenues)wiki.smashits.com/wikipedia/Syntel


24/25

Definitions of Database S ystems on the Web:

y A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of computer programs thatcontrols the creation, maintenance, and the use of the database with computer as a platform or of an organization and its end users. ...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_systems y provide a means to select and organize data in response to a question, and

thereby to produce information.www.pasda.psu.edu/tutorials%5Coutreachglossary.asp

E lectronic commerceE lectronic commerce , commonly known as e-commerce or eCommerce , or e-business consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronicsystems such as the Internet and other computer networks . The amount of tradeconducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage.The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing oninnovations in electronic funds transfer , supply chain management , Internetmarketing , online transaction processing , electronic data interchange (EDI),inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modernelectronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point inthe transaction's lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies

such as e-mail as well.A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a website, but most electroniccommerce involves the transportation of physical items in some way. Onlineretailers are sometimes known as e-tailers and online retail is sometimes known ase-tail . Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the WorldWide Web .

Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as

business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g.commodity exchange ) or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants ( privateelectronic market ). Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses andconsumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business-to-consumer or B2C . Thisis the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon.com .Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce where the buyer is directlyonline to the seller's computer usually via the internet. There is no intermediary


25/25

service. The sale and purchase transaction is completed electronically andinteractively in real-time such as Amazon.com for new books. If an intermediary is

present, then the sale and purchase transaction is called electronic commerce suchas eBay.com .

Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business . Italso consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspectsof the business transactions

the study of computing is much more than just learning to use computers

Documents