the sun notes
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THE SUN
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COMPOSITION OF THE SUN:
a) 75% Hydrogenb) 24% Heliumc) 1% Trace Elements
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NUCLEAR FUSION:
The process by which nuclei of small atoms combine to form a new more massive nucleus; the process releases a lot of energy
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NUCLEAR FUSION:
Fusion powers the sun by combining hydrogen atoms in order to form Helium, the remaining mass is converted to energy,
E = mc2
Energy = mass x (speed of light)2
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THE SUN’S INTERIOR:
a) Three layers: Core, Radiative Zone, Convective zone
b) Fusion occurs in the core c) Core is ionized gas (plasma)
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THE SUN’S ATMOSPHERE:
a) Three layers: Photosphere, Chromosphere, and the Corona
b) Photosphere is called the Sun’s “surface” because it is what you see
c) Corona – the outermost layer of the sun’s atmosphere
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SUNSPOT
the dark area of the photosphere of the sun that is cooler than the surrounding areas and has a strong magnetic field
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SUNSPOT CYCLE:
Observing sunspots showed that the sun rotates (about 27 days)
The increase and decrease of sunspots follows an 11 year cycle
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SOLAR FLARE:
An explosive release of energy (electrically charged particles such as protons and electrons) that comes from the sun, and that is associated with magnetic disturbances on the sun’s surface (sunspots)
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CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS:
A part of coronal gas that is thrown into space from the sun, causes disturbances with Earth’s radio communications
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AURORAS:
Colored light produced by charged particles from the solar wind and the Earth’s atmosphere that react and excite the oxygen and nitrogen in the Earth’s upper atmosphere
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