the superb project

October 20, 2007

QWG07-Desy-Hamburg Marcello A. Giorgi

The SuperB Project

Marcello A. GiorgiUniversità di Pisa

INFN Pisa

http://www.unipi.it/princ.html

October 20, 2007


Outline

• Introduction

• The physics case in the era of LHC

• Accelerator : SuperB is not just an upgrade of the present BFactories it is a:

SUPER FLAVOR FACTORY

• The Detector

• The process

October 20, 2007


Successful Flavour Physics

Great results in Flavor Physics have been obtained in the past few years both in the lepton and hadron sectors.

PEPII and KEKB BFactories together with K and neutrino experiments have played an important role .

Direct CP violation in K sector, ruling out superweak models, was firstly established at Cern in Na31 and Na48 experiments .

Babar and Belle have discovered CP violation in b sector and measured sin2 in 2001, the direct CP violation in B decay in 2004, and the mixing in 2007.

_

DD 00

October 20, 2007


Great success of accelerator physics

Design Lumi

Design Lumi

Total > 1.1ab−1

KEKB (Belle)PEP-II (BaBar)

400fb-1 710fb-1

October 20, 2007


Before Bfactories

NOW!

One example of CKM information coming only by sides measurements

CKM Unitarity Triangle

28.06,2007 PISA- SNS

Marcello A Giorgi

CP Violation and the Unitarity Triangle

0*** tbtdcbcdubud VVVVVV

*cbcdVV

*tbtdVV

Length of each side ~ O(3)

*ubudVV

),(

*cbcdVV *

cbcdVV

)0,1()0,0(

CP 0

“The” Unitarity Triangle

Sides are determined from the rates for various processesAngles are determined from CP-violating asymmetries

Area is proportional to the amount of CP violation

Goal of the B Factories is to overconstrain the apex

(,) and look for inconsistencies → New

Physics!

October 20, 2007


NOT ONLY B! DsJ and many other intriguing new particles……

ICHEP06

DsJ*(2317)+

DsJ(2460)+

Evident new resonance at 2.86GeV/c2 Hints of a broad state at 2.69GeV/c2

2

2( (2573)) (2572.2 0.3 1.0) /s

m D MeV c 2( (2860)) (2856.6 1.5 5.0) /m X MeV c

2( (2690)) (2688 4 3) /m X MeV c

22( (2573) ) (27.1 0.6 5.6) /sD MeV c

2( (2860) ) (47 7 10) /X MeV c 2( (2690) ) (112 7 36) /X MeV c

Hot topic 2004:Mass and width are far from predicted

New DK state(s) at 2.86GeV/c2

Ds2(2573)+

??

Y(3940)J/X(3872)J/

eeJ/ X(3940)

c2’

eeJ/ X(3940)

eeY(4350)

X Y Z

October 20, 2007


Most recent the D0 MIXING in Babar and Belle

mixingDD 00 x’= (0.85+0.32-0.31)% y’= (0.71+0.20-0.22)% (HFAG- D.Asner)

cos = 0.40+0.23-0.31 x=0,y=0 is excluded at 5

CPV is indication of NP as x>>y

L=380 fb-1

No Mixing

October 20, 2007


The Physics case

DATA SAMPLE: 5÷10 1010 B Bbar pair and a same order of and

c-cbar pair.

Possibility of special runs with luminosity 1035 cm-2 s-1 at Ecm=4GeV.

Possibility of at least one polarized beam.

October 20, 2007


SuperB Physics case• There is a solid case for a SuperB collecting between 50 and 100 ab-1 (

5. 1010 -10 11 B, charm, t pair)– Precision measurements allowing to detect discrepancies from the standard model– Reduced theoretical uncertainties will allow this in many channels– Rare decay measurements– Lepton flavour violation, Tviolation in tau, tau anomalous magnetic moment.– In addition: possibility to run at tau/charm threshold, polarized beam

• Complementarity with LHC has been studied in the CERN workshop Flavour Physics in the era of LHC .– (M.Mangano,T.Hurth to be published soon as CERN yellow report)

• See in addition to SuperB CDR: – The Discovery Potential of a Super B Factory (Slac-R-709)– Letter of Intent for KEK Super B Factory (KEK Report 2004-4 )– Physics at Super B Factory (hep-ex/0406071)– SuperB report (hep-ex/0512235)– Many documents available at the URL : www.pi.infn.it/SuperB

– BUT MORE IMPORTANT……THE UNEXPECTED DISCOVERY FROM A FRONTIER MACHINE

http://www.pi.infn.it/SuperB

October 20, 2007


UTfit as now and with SuperB

1 ab-1 50 ab-1

Triangle vertexDetermined by N.P.free processes

With 50 ab-1 is measured at 1° level

Theoretical uncertainties on sides could be reduced: (V.Lubicz, SuperB IV Villa Mondragone nov.2006)Vub : 2% (excl.) 2% (incl.)Vcb : 1% (excl.) 0.5% (incl.)

October 20, 2007


Newphysics

Quark sectorLepton sectorEn

ergy

fron

tier

experiments,g-2, e, etc.

mass and mixing,CPV, and LFV

LHC, ILC

Mass spectrum,interactions

LHCb, K experiments…

Flavor mixing,CP phases

LFV, CPV

WHERE from NP?

October 20, 2007


b

s

s

s d d

, ,(KK )CP

KS0

The case for a high luminosity flavour factory

Prejudice: if there is New Physics at the TeV scale it must have a flavor/CP structure

New heavy quanta can be detected through precision measurement of processes involving loop diagrams

Statistics of O(50 ab-1) is necessary to reduce the experimental error below the theoretical uncertainty for the most sensitive analyses

Physics reach is complementary to LHC-LHCb: many rare decays are not accessible at LHC; sensitivity to off-diagonal term of squark mixing matrix, test of LFV , CP violation studies and anomalous magnetic moment

measurements in , also thanks to the beam polarization.

October 20, 2007


NEW PHYSICS AT

F=1 F=2 LFV in magnetic structure CP and CPT in

October 20, 2007


F=1ICHEP06: from b s Penguins

Theory tends to predictpositive shifts(originating from phasein Vts)

Naïve average of all b s modes

sin2eff = 0.52 ± 0.052.6 deviation betweenpenguin and tree (b s) (b c)

Naïve average of all b s modes

sin2eff = 0.52 ± 0.052.6 deviation betweenpenguin and tree (b s) (b c)

More statistics crucial for mode-by-mode studies!

October 20, 2007


NP in Box Diagram (Mixing/FCNC)

Contributions BSM can show in these processes. If prametrise with amplitude C and phase F=2 mixing process, C=1 an =0 are in SM

October 20, 2007


Present constaraints on NP for F=2 processes

From Bd mixing

Now SuperB with 75 ab-1

zoooom

October 20, 2007


Various hypothesis on NP

Minimal Flavor Violation:– No NP couplings with Flavor– CP violation from SM Yukawa couplings

• Several NP scenarios in MFV:1HDM/2HDM,MSSM, ADD, ..

MFV sensitive up to 6 0 (14 TeV)Doesn’t require to match of EWBS. 2HDM allows for

BNP with small tan at m<1 TeV

October 20, 2007


B leptonic decays

Test of universality

O(10%) Enhancement in GUT-SUSY models

Precision with 50 ab-1 at SuperB ~ 7%

Paradisi, Masiero, Petronzio ’05, Isidori, Paradisi ’06

Large tanb makes possible search above several TeV

October 20, 2007


Lepton Flavor Violation in decay

October 20, 2007


CP ,CPT violationA.Bevan Hadron 07 (oct.2007)

October 20, 2007


D0 mixing

• Recent measurements from Babar and Belle demonstrated Bfactory capabilities in charm physics

• Possibility to measure CP violation in the charm sector

1month

October 20, 2007


Physics reach on B mesons at SuperB

From ’05 T.Iijima talk

5ab-1 SuperB 50ab-1 SuperB 2fb-1 LHCb

CPV

(bs

)FC

NC

W/

CK

M

October 20, 2007


Super B factory and Super LHCb:

Sensitivity Comparison ~2020LHCb 100 fb-1 vs Super-B factory 50 ab-1

SuperB numbers fromM Hazumi - Flavour in LHC era workshop; LHCb numbers from MuheimCDF numbers from RistoriBs time

dependent analysis onlyfor LHCB

No IP, Neutrals, , only for SuperB

CommonLHCbSuper B

CDF an important player

SuperB runs at Y5s ΔΓs, possible •No Bs mixing Bs -> μμ YES•Only partially integrated Asl(s) YES time dependent asymmetries Bs -> γγ YES

CPtagCPtag

CPtagCPtag

tttt

tttt

October 20, 2007


The e+ e- machine

October 20, 2007


1027

1029

1031

1033

1035

1037

1 10 100 1000

c.m. Energy (GeV)

DANE

VEPP2000

VEPPII

ADONE

DCI

ADONE

SPEAR2

BEPC

BEPCII

PEP-II

KEK-B

SuperB

ILC

CESR

DORIS2

VEPP4 PETRA

PEP

PETRA

LEP

LEP

LEP

Factories

Super-Factories

Storage rings

e+e- colliders M.Biagini EPS 07

October 20, 2007


Summary from Oide’s talk at 2005 2nd Hawaii SuperBF Workshop

• Present design of SuperKEKB (SAME CONSIDERATIONS FOR

PEPII) hits fundamental limits in the beam-beam effect and the bunch length (HOM & CSR)1. Higher current is the only way to increase the luminosity .

• Many technical and cost issues are expected with a new RF system

We need a completely different collider scheme.....

1High order modes, Coherent Synchrotron Radiation

“Just” increasing the current of PEP-II/KEKB is expensive•wall power•detector background explosion•effective limitation on present detector technology around 5x1035

October 20, 2007


Basic concepts

• B-factories reachs already very high luminosity (~1034 s-1 cm-2 ). To increase of ~ two orders of magnitude (KeKB-SuperKeKB) it is possible to extrapolate the requirements from the current machines:

Parameters :• Higher currents• Smaller damping time (f(exp1/3))• Shorter bunches• Crab collision• Higher Disruption • Higher power• SuperKeKB Proposal is based on these concepts

Increase of plug power ($$$$$..) and hard to operate (high current, short bunches)

look for alternatives keeping constant the luminosity => new IP scheme: Large Piwinsky Angle and CRAB WAIST

SuperKEKB (3 factors to High Lumi)

October 20, 2007


• Ultra-low emittance (ILC-DR like)

• Very small at IP• Large crossing angle• “Crab Waist” scheme

• Small collision area• Lowerispossible

• NO parasitic crossings• NO synchro-betatron

resonances due to crossing angle

P. Raimondi’s idea to focus more the beams at IP and have a “large” crossing angle large Piwinski angle

A new idea...

Test at DANE this November !!!

October 20, 2007


Large crossing angle, small x-size

With large crossing angle the x and z planes are swapped

(1) and (2) have same Luminosity, but (2) has

longer bunches and smaller x

1) Head-on,Short bunches

2) Large crossing angle, long bunches

Y

Overlap region

z

xz

x

y waist can be movedalong z with a

sextupoleon both sides of IP

at proper phase

“Crab Waist”

Large Piwinski angle:

= tg(z/x

October 20, 2007


IP beam distributions for KEKB

IP beam distributions for SuperB

KEKB SuperB

I (A) 1.7 2.

y* (mm) 6 0.3

x* (mm) 300 20

y* (m) 3 0.035

x* (m) 80 6

z (mm) 6 5

L (cm-2s-1) 1.7x1034 1.x1036

An example...

Here is Luminosity gain

October 20, 2007


SuperKEKB scheme

SuperKEKB is a more conventional machine, with a maximum peak luminosity that can approach 1036 cm2 s-1 , but high circulating current is driving a wall power ≥80 MW and some severe limitation on detector due to the background.

Good relations between SuperB and SuperKEKB communities.( Simulation of SuperB made at KEK, cross participation at the workshops..)

October 20, 2007


Comparison between machines

PEPII KEKB SuperB

current 2.5 A 1.7 A 2.3 A

betay 10 mm 6 mm 0.3 mm

betax 400 mm 300 mm 20 mm

Emity (sigmay)

23 nm (~100m)

~ the same (~80m)

1,6 nm (~6m)

y/x coupling(sigma y)

0,5-1 %(~6m)

0.1 %(~3m)

0,25 %(0,035m)

Bunch length 10 mm 6 mm 6 mm

Tau l/t 16/32 msec ~ the same 16/32 msec

y 0.07 0.1 0.16

L 1.2 1034 1.7 1034 1 1036

October 20, 2007


Machine parameters• Present parameter set based on ILCDR-like parameters 3.0 Km long rings

studied with ILC OCS (Baseline) lattice scaled to 4 and 7 GeV – Same DR emittances– Same DR bunch length– 1.5 times DR bunch charges– Same ILC-IP betas

• Crossing angle and “crab waist” to maximize luminosity and minimize blowup

– Test will start in Nov 2007 on DANE.• Use PEP-KEK DR damping time 17ms• Fewer and lower field wigglers used• Final Focus (ILC-like) included• Design based on recycling all PEP-II hardware, Bends, Quads and Sexts, and

RF system– Corresponds to a lot of money

• Maximize Luminosity keeping low E and wall power.– Total power: 35 MW, as in PEP-II

• Simulations performed in many places and different codes:– LNF,BINP,KEK,LAL,CERN

October 20, 2007


M. Zobov, D. Shatilov

0

5 1036

1 1037

1,5 1037

2 1037

2,5 1037

0 2,5 1010 5 1010 7,5 1010 1 1011 1,25 1011 1,5 1011

Luminosity [cm-2 s-1]

N1036

Upgradeable

Number of particles/bunch

SuperB can operate at 4.0 GeV c.o.m Energy at luminosity 1035

A preliminary estimate of Wall Power is non unreasonableCurrent as is now in PEPII (can manage Background !)One polarized beam (e-) is considered for tau edm and CP studies The possibility of adding polarized positron is under study.LUMINOSITY is upgradeable

October 20, 2007


The Detector

October 20, 2007


Detector

• Babar and Belle designs have proven to be very effective for B-Factory physics

– Follow the same ideas for SuperB detector

– Try to reuse same components as much as possible

• Main issues– Machine backgrounds – not much

larger than in Babar/Belle– Beam energy asymmetry – a bit

smaller– Strong interaction with machine

design• A SuperB detector is possible with

today’s technology– Baseline is reusing large (expensive)

parts of Babar (or Belle)– Quartz bars of the DIRC– Barrel EMC CsI(Tl) crystal and

mechanical structure– Superconducting coil and flux return

yoke.

• Some areas require moderate R&D and engineering developments to improve performance

– Small beam pipe technology– Thin silicon pixel detector for first

layer– Drift chamber CF mechanical

structure, gas and cell size– Photon detection for DIRC quartz

bars – Forward PID system (TOF or

focusing RICH)– Forward calorimeter crystals (LSO)– Minos-style scintillator for

Instrumented flux return– Electronics and trigger – need to

revise Bfactory “½-track” trigger style

– Computing – large data amount• More details in:

– www.pi.infn.it/SuperB/node/159 - SuperB Italy Meeting on detector R&D

– indico.lal.in2p3.fr/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=167 – Paris workshop (May 9-11)

http://www.pi.infn.it/SuperB/node/159

http://indico.lal.in2p3.fr/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=167

http://indico.lal.in2p3.fr/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=167

October 20, 2007


Detector Layout – Reuse parts of Babar (or Belle)

BASELINE

OPTION

October 20, 2007


The Process

October 20, 2007


The SuperB Process• International SuperB Study Group on

– Physics case, Machine, Detector• International steering committee established, chaired by

M.A.G.. Members from– Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Spain, UK, US– Regular interaction with Japan, although not formalized

• Regular workshops– Five workshop held (2 in Frascati, 1 in SLAC, 1 Villa Mondragone, 1

Paris)– SuperB Meeting at Daresbury– Accelerator retreat at SLAC in 2006– Accelerator Retreat at SLAC Sep 17-21, 2007

• Conceptual Design Report– Ready, printed and distributed.– Describe Physics case, Accelerator, Detector, including costing– International review ongoing

• More information: www.pi.infn.it/SuperB– http://www.pi.infn.it/SuperB/seminars


http://www.pi.infn.it/SuperB/seminars

http://www.pi.infn.it/SuperB/seminars

October 20, 2007


CDR Ready !!!!

The CDR of SuperB is ready!

INFN/AE-07/02, SLAC-R-856, LAL 07-15

Available at:

www.pi.infn.it/SuperB

arxiv.org/abs/0709.0451

476 pages

Printed and available

Copies can be requested from [email protected]


October 20, 2007


Signatures breakdown by type

Accelerator physicists

12%

Theorists13%

Experimentalists75%

Signatures: some numbers

• 320 Signatures; 85 institutions

• 174 Babar members– 65 non Babar exper. Australia, 1

Canada, 7

France, 21

Germany, 11

Israel, 2

Italy, 137

Japan, 4

Norway, 1

ROC, 3

Russia, 18

Slovenia, 5

Spain, 12

Switzerland, 4

UK, 24

USA, 70

Signatures

Signatures breakdown by country

October 20, 2007


CDR Review & Next Steps• An International Review Committee has been appointed by INFN.

– John Dainton – UK/Daresbury, chair– Jacques Lefrancois – F/Orsay– Antonio Masiero – I/Padova– Rolf Heuer – D/ Desy– Daniel Schulte – CERN– Abe Seiden – USA/UCSC– Young-Kee Kim – USA/FNAL– Hiroaki Aihara – Japan/Tokyo

• The review is scheduled for Nov 12-13, 2007.• A first report is expected january 2008(Meanwhile a “Physics Retreat” to update the physics case in Valencia January 7-15,2008)• The final report foreseen in spring 2008

– After the results of the LNF test of crab waist foreseen in fall 2007• Already presented to ECFA in the summer

– Very positive reaction• Presentation to the CERN strategy group foreseen in spring 2008

– Coordinates all projects in european HEP for research infrastructure• INFRA-2007-2.2.1.33: Projects in the European strategy for particle physics (CERN

Council)

October 20, 2007


BACKUP

October 20, 2007


SuperB where ?

• Area available• Strong interest of

University and INFN• Tunnel at about -12m• Synergy with

approved FEL (SPARX)

• Engineering group created

• Feasibility study in preparation

• The SuperB conceptual design is largely site independent

• A possible site is on the Università di Roma Tor Vergata campus

October 20, 2007


Mac

hin

e p

aram

eter

sNominal Parameters Upgrade Parameters Ultimate Parameters

PARAMETER LER HER LER HER LER HER

Particle type e+ e- e+ e- e+ e-

Energy (GeV) 4 7 4 7 4 7

Luminosity x 1036

Circumference (m) 2250 2250 2250 2250 2250 2250Revolution frequency (MHz) 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13

Eff. long. polarization (%) 0 80 0 80 0 80

RF frequency (MHz) 476 476 476 476 476 476

Harmonic number 3570 3570 3570 3570 3570 3570

Momentum spread 8.4E-04 9.0E-04 1.0E-03 1.0E-03 1.0E-03 1.0E-03

Momentum compaction 1.8E-04 3.0E-04 1.8E-04 3.0E-04 1.8E-04 3.0E-04

Rf Voltage (MV) 6 18 6 18 7.5 18

Energy loss/turn (MeV) 1.9 3.3 2.3 4.1 2.3 4.1

Number of bunches 1733 1733 3466 3466 3466 3466

Particles per bunch x1010 6.16 3.52 5.34 2.94 6.16 3.52

Beam current (A) 2.28 1.30 3.95 2.17 4.55 2.60

Beta y* (mm) 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20

Beta x* (mm) 20 20 20 20 20 20

Emit y (pmr) 4 4 2 2 2 2

Emit x (nmr) 1.6 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8

Sigma y* (microns) 0.035 0.035 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020

Sigma x* (microns) 5.657 5.657 4.000 4.000 4.000 4.000

Bunch length (mm) 6 6 6 6 6 6

Full Crossing angle (mrad) 34 34 34 34 34 34

Wigglers (#) 4 2 4 4 4 4

Damping time (trans/long)(ms) 32/16 32/16 25/12.5 25/12.5 25/12.5 25/12.5

Luminosity lifetime (min) 10.4 5.9 7.4 4.1 6.1 3.5

Touschek lifetime (min) 5.5 38 2.9 19 2.3 15

Effective beam lifetime (min) 3.6 5.1 2.1 3.4 1.7 2.8

Injection rate pps (100%) 4.9E+11 2.0E+11 1.5E+12 5.0E+11 2.1E+12 7.2E+11

Tune shifts (x/y) (from formula) 0.004/0.17 0.004/0.17 0.007/0.16 0.007/0.16 0.009/0.2 0.009/0.2

RF Power (MW)

3.4

4417 35

1 2.4

BASELINE

October 20, 2007


GOALSUPERB somewhere in EUROPE as result of an

international collaborationOne possible site is the University of Rome Tor Vergata

• Area available• Strong interest of University

and INFN• Tunnel at about -12m• Synergy with approved FEL

(SPARX)• Engineering group created• Issues: water, power

October 20, 2007


Accelerator and site costs

NumberEDIA Labor M\&S Rep.Val.

WBS Item Unitsmm mm kEuro kEuro

1 Accelerator 5429 3497 191166 1263301.1 Project management 2112 96 1800 0

1.2 Magnet and support system 666 1199 28965 25380

1.3 Vacuum system 620 520 27600 14200

1.4 RF system 272 304 22300 60000

1.5 Interaction region 370 478 10950 0

1.6 Controls, Diagnostics, Feedback 963 648 12951 8750

1.7 Injection and transport systems 426 252 86600 18000

NumberEDIA Labor M\&S Rep.Val.

WBS Item Unitsmm mm kEuro kEuro

2.0 Site 1424 1660 105700 02.1 Site Utilities 820 1040 31700 0

2.2 Tunnel and Support Buildings 604 620 74000 0

Note: site cost estimate not as detailed as other estimates.

October 20, 2007


Detector costEDIA Labor M\&S Rep.Val.

WBS Item mm mm kEuro kEuro

1 SuperB detector 3391 1873 40747 464711.0 Interaction region 10 4 210 0

1.1 Tracker (SVT + L0 MAPS) 248 348 5615 01.1.1 SVT 142 317 4380 01.1.2 L0 Striplet option 23 33 324 01.1.3 L0 MAPS option 106 32 1235 01.2 DCH 113 104 2862 0

1.3 PID (DIRC Pixilated PMTs + TOF) 110 222 7953 67281.3.1 DIRC barrel - Pixilated PMTs 78 152 4527 67281.3.1 DIRC barrel - Focusing DIRC 92 179 6959 67281.3.2 Forward TOF 32 70 3426 0

1.4 EMC 136 222 10095 301201.4.1 Barrel EMC 20 5 171 301201.4.2 Forward EMC 73 152 6828 01.4.3 Backward EMC 42 65 3096 01.5 IFR (scintillator) 56 54 1268 01.6 Magnet 87 47 1545 96231.7 Electronics 286 213 5565 01.8 Online computing 1272 34 1624 01.9 Installation and integration 353 624 3830 01.A Project Management 720 0 180 0

Note: options in italics are not summed. We chose to sum the options weconsidered most likely/necessary.

the superb project

Documents

b decay

b sector

superb physics casethere

flavor physics

direct cp violation

b bbar pair

kek super b factory

superb cdr