THE SUQUAMISH TRIBE AND THE SUQUAMISH TRIBE AND TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTYTRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY

SUQUAMISH IDENTITYSUQUAMISH IDENTITY

Translates into “people of the D’Suq’Wub (clear Translates into “people of the D’Suq’Wub (clear salt water)”salt water)”

D’Suq’Wub is the name of the beach at present D’Suq’Wub is the name of the beach at present Old-Man-House Park in SuquamishOld-Man-House Park in Suquamish

Suquamish are speakers of Puget Salish Suquamish are speakers of Puget Salish language, now known as Lushootseedlanguage, now known as Lushootseed

SUQUAMISH VILLAGESSUQUAMISH VILLAGES

The Suquamish people have lived in Puget Sound for The Suquamish people have lived in Puget Sound for at least 10,000 yearsat least 10,000 years

Recorded Archaeological sites in Kitsap County, Recorded Archaeological sites in Kitsap County, including large shell middens in Port Orchard, including large shell middens in Port Orchard, Bremerton, and Suquamish are evidence of the Bremerton, and Suquamish are evidence of the Suquamish Tribe’s long occupation of the areaSuquamish Tribe’s long occupation of the area

Old-Man-House is one of at least twelve winter villages Old-Man-House is one of at least twelve winter villages in what is now Kitsap Countyin what is now Kitsap County

Other villages were at Point Bolin (Lemolo), Poulsbo, Other villages were at Point Bolin (Lemolo), Poulsbo, Silverdale, Chico, Silverdale, Chico,

Colby, Olalla, Point White (Bainbridge Is.), Lynwood Colby, Olalla, Point White (Bainbridge Is.), Lynwood Center (Bainbridge Is.), Center (Bainbridge Is.),

Port Madison and Battle PointPort Madison and Battle Point

CONTACTCONTACT

1792-Captain George Vancouver Arrives and trades with 1792-Captain George Vancouver Arrives and trades with Suquamish Indians camped at Restoration Point on Suquamish Indians camped at Restoration Point on Bainbridge IslandBainbridge Island

1832-Fort Nisqually established at present DuPont. Chief 1832-Fort Nisqually established at present DuPont. Chief Seattle is a frequent customer and trader at the post.Seattle is a frequent customer and trader at the post.

1840-Catholic Missionaries begin to arrive in the area1840-Catholic Missionaries begin to arrive in the area 1850-Oregon Donation Land Claim Act is passed, 1850-Oregon Donation Land Claim Act is passed,

allowing non-natives to claim up to 640 acres of land in allowing non-natives to claim up to 640 acres of land in the West. Much of this land is owned by Indians, causing the West. Much of this land is owned by Indians, causing conflict.conflict.

POINT ELLIOTT TREATYPOINT ELLIOTT TREATY

Suquamish sign the Point Suquamish sign the Point Elliott Treaty on January 22, Elliott Treaty on January 22, 1855 at Mukilteo1855 at Mukilteo

Chief Seattle signs for the Chief Seattle signs for the Suquamish Tribe.Suquamish Tribe.

Land title is exchanged with the Land title is exchanged with the United States Government for United States Government for certain certain reserved treaty rights reserved treaty rights including fishing rights, shellfish including fishing rights, shellfish gathering rights, hunting rights, gathering rights, hunting rights, water rights, health care, and water rights, health care, and education.education.

POINT ELLIOTT TREATYPOINT ELLIOTT TREATY

The Treaty is also the basis for the Suquamish The Treaty is also the basis for the Suquamish Tribe’s Government-to-Government Relationship Tribe’s Government-to-Government Relationship with federal, state and local governments.with federal, state and local governments.

Article 6, Clause 2. United States Constitution: This Article 6, Clause 2. United States Constitution: This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the LandStates, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the ; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstandingnotwithstanding

FEDERAL GOVERNMENT FEDERAL GOVERNMENT RELATIONSHIP WITH RELATIONSHIP WITH INDIAN TRIBESINDIAN TRIBES

Throughout our history, despite periods of conflict and shifting Throughout our history, despite periods of conflict and shifting national policies in Indian affairs, the government-to-government national policies in Indian affairs, the government-to-government relationship between the United States and Indian Tribes has relationship between the United States and Indian Tribes has endured…this administration intends to restore tribal governments endured…this administration intends to restore tribal governments to their rightful place among the governments of this nation and to their rightful place among the governments of this nation and enable tribal governmentsenable tribal governments.. President Reagan 1983President Reagan 1983

ASSIMILATIONASSIMILATION

1900 Suquamish children forced to attend Indian 1900 Suquamish children forced to attend Indian Boarding School at TulalipBoarding School at Tulalip

Allotments and Boarding Schools are part of an Allotments and Boarding Schools are part of an federal Indian assimilation policy designed to make federal Indian assimilation policy designed to make Indians into “Americans” and solve the “Indian Indians into “Americans” and solve the “Indian Problem.”Problem.”

Indian Language and Culture not allowed in Indian Language and Culture not allowed in boarding school. Children punished for speaking the boarding school. Children punished for speaking the Indian language.Indian language.

Reservation lands allotted to individual Indians and Reservation lands allotted to individual Indians and sold with U.S. government assistance.sold with U.S. government assistance.

SURVIVALSURVIVAL

-1963 Suquamish Tribe approves Tribal Constitution-1963 Suquamish Tribe approves Tribal ConstitutionFormalizes election process; 7 member Tribal Council Formalizes election process; 7 member Tribal Council elected by the General Membership on staggered terms elected by the General Membership on staggered terms each Marcheach March

-1969 Tribal Council hires first tribal employee, Chuck Deam, -1969 Tribal Council hires first tribal employee, Chuck Deam, as a Community Health Representative. Tribal Government as a Community Health Representative. Tribal Government now employs nearly 125 full-time employees.now employs nearly 125 full-time employees.

SURVIVALSURVIVAL

1974 Boldt Decision reaffirms Tribal rights to half of 1974 Boldt Decision reaffirms Tribal rights to half of harvestable salmon. Tribes recognized as co-harvestable salmon. Tribes recognized as co-managers of salmon resource and salmon habitat.managers of salmon resource and salmon habitat.

ESTABLISHING ECONOMIC ESTABLISHING ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE

1998 Tribes and State Negotiate 1998 Tribes and State Negotiate Agreement to allow use of Agreement to allow use of electronic gaming deviceselectronic gaming devices

1999 Port Madison Enterprises 1999 Port Madison Enterprises begins making first significant begins making first significant contributions to the Tribal contributions to the Tribal Council Budget. Council Budget.

2003 Suquamish Clearwater 2003 Suquamish Clearwater Casino Opens Permanent Casino Opens Permanent FacilityFacility Facility fully financed by Facility fully financed by

conventional bank loans. No conventional bank loans. No management agreement or management agreement or silent partners.silent partners.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT RELATIONSHIP WITH LOCAL GOVERNMENT RELATIONSHIP WITH SUQUAMISH TRIBESUQUAMISH TRIBE

The Cities of Bainbridge Island, Poulsbo and Bremerton recognize The Cities of Bainbridge Island, Poulsbo and Bremerton recognize the government-to-government relationship through MOU the government-to-government relationship through MOU agreements. agreements.

The Suquamish are still working with Kitsap County to formally The Suquamish are still working with Kitsap County to formally acknowledge the government-to-government relationship.acknowledge the government-to-government relationship.

WASHINGTON STATE GOVERNMENT WASHINGTON STATE GOVERNMENT RELATIONSHIP WITH INDIAN TRIBESRELATIONSHIP WITH INDIAN TRIBES

Governed by Centennial Accord signed August 4, 1989Governed by Centennial Accord signed August 4, 1989

SUQUAMISH TRIBE AND SUQUAMISH TRIBE AND RESERVATION RESERVATION DEMOGRAPHICSDEMOGRAPHICS

Membership: 978Membership: 978 Land Base: Original Land Base: Original

Reservation-7,486 acres; Reservation-7,486 acres; Allotment Lands Allotment Lands (Individual-Trust) (Individual-Trust) approximately 2,500 approximately 2,500 acres; Tribal Lands acres; Tribal Lands (Tribal Trust) (Tribal Trust) approximately 300 acresapproximately 300 acres

Remaining reservation Remaining reservation lands, approximately lands, approximately 5,000 acres are fee lands 5,000 acres are fee lands (owned by individuals that (owned by individuals that are not members of the are not members of the Suquamish Tribe).Suquamish Tribe).

Kitsap County Zoning Kitsap County Zoning applies to fee lands.applies to fee lands.

Tribal lands are subject to Tribal lands are subject to tribal and federal land use tribal and federal land use requirements.requirements.

Thank You…Questions?Thank You…Questions?