the teacher in-service program in south africa
DESCRIPTION
The Teacher In-Service Program in South Africa. 5 August 2006 Cape Town, South Africa Moshe Kam Educational Activities. A Few Words about IEEE. IEEE is the largest professional engineering association in the world 367,000 members in 150 countries - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1
The Teacher In-Service Program in South Africa
5 August 2006Cape Town, South Africa
Moshe Kam Educational Activities
2
A Few Words about IEEE
IEEE is the largest professional engineering association in the world
367,000 members in 150 countries A 501(c)3 organization in incorporated in New York
Originally concentrating on power engineering and communications IEEE at present spans technical interests across the spectrum of technology
From nanotechnology to oceanic engineering
In many respects IEEE has become “the steward of Engineering”
3
It all starts in Philadelphia… AIEE
In 1884 the Franklin Institute organized the International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia
The Operator, 15 April 1884 “The…exhibition would be attended by foreign electrical savants, engineers, and manufacturers...it would be a lasting disgrace to American electricians if no American electrical national society was in existence to receive them with the honors due them from their co-laborers in the United States." Thomas Edison, Elihu Thomson, Edwin Houston, and Edward Weston
AIEE’s First Technical Meeting 7-8 October 1884, the Franklin Institute
4
Early Presidents
Alexander G. Bell Elihu Thomson Charles Steinmetz Frank Sprague
5
A few more recent Presidents
Leah Jamieson Joseph Bordogna Michael Lightner Wallace Read
6
AIEE IRE
Established 1884
An American Organization
Representing the establishment
Rooted in Power Engineering
First computers working group Now the Computer Society
Established 1908
An international Organization
Open to students, young professionals
Quick to adopt advances in radar, radio, TV, electronics, computers
Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers (January 1913)
1963: Merger of AIEE and IRE to create IEEE
7
What is IEEE?
A membership organization
A major creator and guardian of technical IP
A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together
both geographically and disciplinarily
A guardian of the future of Engineering
An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives
8
What is IEEE?
A membership organization
A major creator and guardian of technical IP
A mechanism to bring people of common technical interests together
both geographically and disciplinarily
A guardian of the future of Engineering
An implementer of technology-related public Imperatives
9
What does IEEE do?
Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing
Organizes conferences
Develops standards
Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together
Organizes professional activities among engineering students
Educates the public about Engineering
10
What does IEEE do?
Publishes literature in engineering, technology and computing
Organizes conferences
Develops standards
Gets engineers and technologists from different locales together
Organizes professional activities among engineering students
Educates the public about Engineering
11
Why is IEEE interested in pre-university engineering education
Because it is in our stated and un-stated mission
Because in many IEEE Sections there is marked decline in the interest of young people in Engineering
This is bad for the future of these communities and would have a negative impact on their standard of living
Because we do not believe the problem is going to be tackled effectively without us
Industry does not appear to be able to address the problem directly Governments do not appear sufficiently concerned (yet) Other engineering associations look up to us
12
What is the Problem?
Flat or declining engineering enrollments in most developed nations
Coupled with disappointing performance of youth in Mathematics
E.g., “free fall” in Scandinavia
Insufficient number of engineers and engineering educational programs in most developing countries
Asia is far behind Europe and the US in number of engineers per capita
13
What is the Problem?
Women & minority students conspicuously under-represented
Public perception of engineers/ engineering/ technology is largely misinformed Resulting in early decisions that block the
path of children to Engineering
14
Percentage of Science Degrees Awarded
41.8
36
32.4
18.4
15.6
39.5
31.5
24.2
15.9
15
38.4
31
25.9
15.7
14.9
05
101520253035404550
1999 2001 2002
South Korea
Germany
Czech Rep.
USA
Norway
Science degrees include life sciences, physical sciences, mathematics, statistics, computer sciences, engineering, manufacturing, and building
Source: Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development
15
BS Degrees Awarded (US)
Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics
16
Selected education statistics in South Africa
17
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, 1998
12th grade
Mathematics general knowledge (21 nations) Average score:500 ; SA last with 356
Science general knowledge (21 nations) Average score:500 ; SA last with 349
http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/98049.pdf
18
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, 2003
Average mathematics scale scores of eighth-grade students (46 nations)
Top 5: Singapore, Korea, HK, Taiwan, Japan Average score 466, SA last with 264
Dropped 11 from 1999
Average science scale scores of eighth-grade students (46 nations)
Top 5: Singapore, Taiwan, Korea, HK, Estonia Average score 473, SA last with 244
Gained 1 from 1999
19
SA – enrollment and graduation in engineering disciplines
University enrollment and graduation
02000400060008000
10000
Year
Enrollment
Graduation
Technikon enrollment and graduation
05000
1000015000200002500030000
Year
Enrolled
Graduated
Enrollment is small
Enrollment trends appear positive
Source: ECSA
20
SA – number of graduating students in engineering disciplines
Technikons
0500
100015002000250030003500
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Series1
Universities
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Series1
Technikons + Universities
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Series1
•Absolute numbers are small
•Technikons are up, universities are down
Source: ECSA
21
Another way to analyze the numbers: number of new baccalaureate engineering degrees per year per million citizens (2004)
Country Number of degrees per million citizens
USA 468.3
China 271.1
India 103.7
SA 105.1 (w/ technikons);
36.5 w/o technikons
•Assume 500 CS/IT graduates in 2004
22
Sources
Gary Gereffi and Vivek Wadhwa: “Framing the Engineering Outsourcing Debate: Placing the United States on a Level Playing Field with China and India,” Duke School of Engineering 2005 http://memp.pratt.duke.edu/downloads/duke_outsourcing_2005.pdf
Education statistics: www.ECSA.co.za
SAITIS: A Survey of the IT Industry and Related Jobs and Skills in South Africa January 2000, http://www.dti.gov.za/saitis/studies/jobs_skills/index.html
23
SA – graduation/enrollment ratios
Technikons
0
0.020.04
0.06
0.080.1
0.12
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Series1
Universities
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Universities
Graduation/enrollment ratios are low
Technikon graduation/enrollment ratios are stable
University graduation/enrollment ratios are fallingSource: ECSA
24
SA: distribution among engineering disciplines Technikons
Source: ECSA
25
SA: distribution among engineering disciplines Universities
Source: ECSA
26
Pre-university activities in IEEE
27
Who inside IEEE is active in this area?
The IEEE Educational Activities Board (EAB)
The IEEE Regional Activities Board (RAB)
IEEE-USA
28
IEEE’s Pre-University Initiative 2005-2006 New Initiative
“Launching Our Children’s Path to Engineering”
Objectives
Increase the propensity of young people worldwide to select Engineering as a career path
Build a sustained public awareness program, led by IEEE,
with broad support of corporations and professional associations
29
Objective 1: Engineering in the pre-university classroom
Institutionalization of IEEE Teacher In Service Program
IEEE Section engineers develop and present technology-oriented projects to local pre-university educators
Emphasis on volunteer-teacher interaction as opposed to volunteer-student interaction
Ideally: a sustained program involving several thousand schools every year
30
Objective 2: Engineering Associations, Unite!
Center for Pre-University Engineering Education
Ideally, the resource of choice for pre-university cooperation with Engineering Associations
Ideally, a multi-association organization With partners such as ASCE, ASME, IEE, SEE
It is about ENGINEERING, not Electrical Engineering
31
Objective 3: Strong On-line presence
New on-line portals for students, teachers, school counselors, and parents
Educational and entertaining Focused on the audience
From lesson plans for teachers to games for children
Ideally, the premier on-line resource on engineering for pre-university students
32
On Line Portal
Tryengineering.org
“Strong On-line presence”
33
The Web provides us with high potential for reachability
A successful portal can become a major resource for students, parents, school counselors, and teachers
But success is difficult in an ever-crowded medium
Effort needs to be coupled with more modern tools
Instant messaging, podcasts
34
What information is needed on line?
We met with school counselors and Engineering Associations
Need on line tools for identifying formal and informal engineering education opportunities
Engineering associations that participated in our discussions
ACM, AIChE, AIAA, ASME, ASCE, IEE, JETS, SAE, SEE, Sloane Career Cornerstone Center
35
What information is available on line?
We conducted a comprehensive review of engineering education resources
By EAB and consultants
Conclusions: Many “Engineering Resources” are actually
focusing on Science and Mathematics Resources for teachers are largely inadequate Wrong message is sent about the nature of
engineering and the life of engineers
36
From Collegeboard.com: Law
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
fascinated by the relationship between law and society
engage in intense discussion of thorny legal problems ?
37
From Collegeboard.com: Broadcast Journalism
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
sharp of mind and quick of tongue
learn how to find and interview sources?
38
From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.
Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?
39
From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.
Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?
40
From Collegeboard.com: Civil Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A problem-solver who’s creative, curious, logical, and a fan of math.
Spend hours and hours working on problem sets and design projects?
41
From Collegeboard.com: Mechanical Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A fan of science and math, a creative problem solver, and someone who likes to take things apart to find out how they work.
Rely on your math skills? Master difficult scientific concepts? Take on a heavy course load? Spend five years as an undergrad…
42
From Collegeboard.com: Electrical Engineering
It helps to be… Are you ready to…
A fan of science and math who’s curious about the way things work
Spend hours building detailed, complicated systems
Try, try, and try again when at first a project doesn’t succeed
43
44
Good existing model
Tryscience.org “Your gateway to experience the excitement of
contemporary science and technology through on and offline interactivity with science and technology centers worldwide.”
Science is exciting, and it's for everyone!
Partnership between IBM the New York Hall of Science the Association of Science-Technology Centers Science centers worldwide
45
Next step – tryengineering.org Companion site to tryscience.org
Comprehensive
Ultimate Audience: young people ages 9-18
Designed to convey excitement about engineering and design
Can-do attitude Hands-on experience Positive image of the engineering process and engineering
“Discover the creative engineer in you”
46
Tryengineering.orgA portal for students, parents, school counselors and teachers
School searchBy location, program, environment
Day in the life of an engineer
Hands-on and virtual projects
Class plans for teaching engineering design
Ask an engineerBrought to you by SAE
Ask a studentBrought to you by JETS
Games Summer camps, internship opportunities
47
48
49
Unique features
School search
Ask an Engineer To be managed by SAE
Ask a Student To be managed by JETS
50
Current status
TryEngineering.org is on line Please visit and provide us with feedback
We are having a “quiet launch” between now and late August
We already had several thousand visitors in the first week
Advertising campaign in late August – early September
51
How SA students can benefit from TryEngineering.org…
It should be a relatively simple matter to…
Augment the TryEngineering University Search with South African school information
Create a page on university accreditation in South Africa
52
The Teacher in Service Program
“Engineering in the classroom”
53
Basics
IEEE Section engineers develop and present technology-oriented projects to local pre-university educators
Started at the Florida West Coast Section in 2001
Lesson plans in English and Spanish for teachers and engineers
Lesson plans matched to educational standards
54
Basics (2)
IEEE Section engineers develop and present technology-oriented projects to local pre-university educators
Started at the Florida West Coast Section in 2001
Lesson plans in English and Spanish for teachers and engineers
Lesson plans matched to educational standards
55
Activity Sample
http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/lessons.html
http://www.ieee.org/web/education/preuniversity/tispt/slessons.html
56
Rotational Equilibrium: A Question of Balance
Demonstrate the concept of rotational equilibrium, by building and testing a Mobile
57
Build working models with household items
58
Design and Build a Better Candy Bag
Lesson Focus
Demonstrate how product design differences can affect the success of a final product
in this case a bag for holding candy.
Students work in pairs to evaluate, design, and build a better candy bag
59
More on the Program
60
What have we done in 2005? Pilot study in Region 3 (Southeastern US)
65 participants, from 23 Sections, in Atlanta, GA
Whole day workshop on lessons, association with educational standards and working with schools
Plus half a day of a simulated TISP session
Feedback: multiple groups organizing training sessions in Southeastern US and Jamaica
61
What are we doing in 2006?
A Region 3 refresher
Expand to
Region 1 (Boston, MA) Region 4 (Indianapolis, IN) Region 8 (South Africa) Region 10 (Malaysia)
62
What will we do in 2007?
Expand to
Region 2 (Baltimore) Region 5 (Dallas) Region 9 (Peru and Argentina) Region 10 (Hong Kong, India, Israel)
63
What do we want to achieve in South Africa ?
Create a sustainable pre-university engineering education program
TISP program Participation in TryEngineering.org
Reach 250 pre-university teachers in one year All over the country 600 teachers in the next two years
Make TryEngineering a popular resource among teachers and students in the pre-university and university communities in SA
64
Questions and comments