The Tempest Outside1800-1900

The Abolitionist MovementIn the 1830s Northern

abolitionists began to agitate for an end to slavery.

The Abolitionist MovementFormer slaves who

eloquently demanded an end to slavery:

Frederick DouglassSojourner Truth

The Abolitionist MovementNorthern abolitionists set up the Underground Railroad to help slaves escape to the North andCanada.

The Civil War and its AftermathAbraham Lincoln narrowly won the 1860 presidential election.

By 1861 the Civil War had begun.

The Civil War and its AftermathThe Union won the Civil War, the most devastating war in American history, in 1865.

The South was economically andMorally devastated.

The Civil War and its AftermathBy 1900, Southern states hadenacted discriminatory regulations preventing African- Americans from exercising their right to vote.

The Civil War and its AftermathThe postwar North experienced anindustrial boom that attracted aflood of new European immigrantsseeking work in U.S. factories.

The Civil War and its AftermathLate 1800s technological progress was spurred by:

*completion of the transcontinental railroad

*invention of the typewriter, the telephone, the light bulb

The Frontier

1841 – The first caravan of covered wagons brought pioneers across the Great Plains on the way to Oregon country.

The Frontier

Tribes of the Great Plains:*the Sioux*the Crow*the Pawnee

Tribes of the Northwest:*the Nez Perce (most

powerful)

The Frontier

By the mid-1800s life for all the Native Americans was doomed to change.

*armed conflicts*signed treaties

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureJournalistic accounts of the Civil War established a taste for realistic writing.

Rich subject matter for memorable poems, stories, histories, plays.

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureWar literature produced by writers who had fought in the struggle

*Ambrose Bierce

and those who came after the war*Stephen Crane

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureRealism became an important literary movement in the latter half of the nineteenth century.

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureRealism attempts to create in fiction a truthful imitation of ordinary life.

It arose as a reaction against the sentimentality of most Romantic fiction.

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureThe realist presented the everyday events of a particular time and place.

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureLocal-color realists portrayed the dialects, dress, mannerisms, customs, character types, and landscapes of their regions with an eye for accurate detail.

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureThe rapid growth of magazines provided a ready outlet for local-color writing.

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureMark Twain

*prominent early local-colorist*first popularity - “The

Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” 1865

*masterpiece - The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureOther local-colorists:

*Willa Cather – the Great Plains

*Kate Chopin – the deep South

*Mary Wilkins Freeman – New England

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureBy the end of the nineteenth century, realism had replaced Romanticism as the dominant way of viewing human life.

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureRealists

*not so optimistic as they watched the century draw to a close

The Rise of Realism in LiteratureRealists:

not so certain that humans could improve their lives,

only that humans would continue to try.