the ten-t «greencranes» project: a step ahead of

THE TEN-T «GREENCRANES» PROJECT:

a step ahead of innovation towards

the «Extended Green Port» strategies

of the Livorno Port Authority

in the energy, environment and gas sectors

Valencia, 29th May 2013

Francesco PAPUCCI

Innovation & Technologies, Livorno Port Authority

[email protected]

Consortium:

CONTENTS 1. PORT OF LIVORNO GENERAL OVERVIEW

2. PORT OF LIVORNO GREEN STRATEGIES

3. ENERGY & GAS IN THE PORT OF LIVORNO

A. LPG

B. LNG

C. GREENCRANES PILOTS

GREENCRANES Intermediate Innovation Days, Livorno Port Authority presentation


1. Port of Livorno Overview

Livorno

Geographical Location and TEN-T Core Network


Main Routes passing through Livorno Port

Far East traffic

1

2 6

3

5

4

7

8

1. West Med Route: Morocco – Livorno

2. Gateway Port (i.e. North Tyrrhenian Multi-Port Gateway)

3. Northern Italy (Milan – Turin Economic Core Region)

4. Central- Eastern Europe

5. Eastern Europe

6. “West Med Mos”

7. West Med – Eastern Europe “Land Bridge”

8. North/South America



Transport Chain of the Livorno logistic platform



PORT OF LIVORNO

MAIN

INFRASTRUCTURES



1. New Container Terminal

2. New large terminal for ro-ro & ro-ro pax

3. New liquid bulk terminal

4. New connections with the inland waterways: “Canale dello Scolmatore” & “Canale dei Navicelli”

5. New rail connections

6. Gate integrations with inland ports

7. New dedicated security custom lanes seaport-inland port

Main Development Projects foreseen in the

Port Master Plan




A. LPG

B. LNG




2. Livorno Port Green Strategies

Green Port is the framework strategy adopted by the Livorno Port Authority in its Port Masterplan,

devised to achieve at the same time improved efficiency and environmental sustainability during

the implementation of all the port development actions.

Extended Green Port provides guidelines for orienting the development policies’ design and

realisation phases for an extended sector including not only the port but also port hinterland,

logistic systems and surrounding territories.

It has seven main axes:

1. Environment

2. Energy & Resources

3. Infrastructures & Services

4. Integration with surrounding territories

5. Port Knowledge and Innovation

6. Costs, Tariffs, Financial rules

7. Port and Maritime Traffic Management

The strategic vision of Extended Green PortTM



Integration with territories

Integrated Spatial Planning and harmonization of the port development with the surrounding territories and the Tuscan Region policies.

Port-to-city integration and services for cruisers tourism

Social Corporate Responsibility

Knowledge & Innovation

Cooperation with Universities, Research Centers and Industries

Promoting specialized degrees in logistics and port managem.

National and European projects of high added value

Promoting initiatives and investments in innovation

Port Traffic Management

Strengthening the cooperation with Customs and Coastguard

Implementing the eMatitime european directive with coherent strategies

Improving communication between port actors, at level B2A, A2B, A2A

Environment

Reduction of acoustic, water and air pollution

Management of standard and hazardous waste produced by ships and port areas

Harmonization of port development and safeguarding coastlines

Energy & Resources

Energy District policies for promoting a wide spread use of renewable sources

Solutions for energy saving, port areas consumption monitoring, cold ironing

Management and re-use of dredged materials

Infrastructures & Services

Designing of new sustainable terminals and port facilities

Decision Support Management systems for port infra-structures maintenance and control

Telematic Services and Port Community Systems

Port Access optimization



1. Environment

2. Energy & Resources

3. Infrastructure & Services

4. Integration with territories

5. Port Knowledge & Innovation

6. Costs, Tariffs & Financial Rules

7. Port & Maritime Traffic Mgt.

Cooperation Protocol with the Italian Ministry of Infrastructures for IT & Innovation actions in the maritime transport sector

Stakeholder participation in relevant projects as MIELE and COSTA

Cooperation Agreements with Pisa University and Sant’Anna School for Advanced Studies

Common actions with Tuscan Region for the implementation of TEN-T Corridor 1 and the

Structuring of a multimodal mediterranean sub corridor with Bulgaria and Romania

TEN-T MOS4MOS project for developing

Freight Traceability via TPCS

RFID techs. for Traceability of Ro-Ro Units

TEN-T GREENCRANES project for Port Energy Profile and project Pilots’ exploitation




A. LPG

B. LNG




3. Energy & Gas in the Port of Livorno

PORT MASTER

PLAN

IMPACT IN PORT ENERGY

SECTOR PORT MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING AUTHORITY

PUBLIC INVESTOR IN PORT GENERAL INTEREST INFRASTRUCTURES

FROM ENERGY CONSUMER TO ENERGY PRODUCER

Lowering the energetic dependency, making the use of energy more efficient and reducing the emission levels, could play an important role for the Livorno port future development.

ENERGY RELATED POLICIES FOR THE PORT OF LIVORNO



Carrying out effective actions useful and usable for getting closer to the following key elements:

Creation and/or integration of small-scale renewable energy power plants (“Energy Districts” and “Smart Grids”), with particular focus on:

Solar energy;

Wind power;

Green Quays;

Wave energy;

Solutions for increasing eco-save/eco-efficiency and real time monitoring of port energy consumptions;

Fossil fuels needs analysis and studies/actions for their gradual substitution, with periodic updates of energy audits in the port operating companies;

Integration of energy decisions with the Port of Livorno infrastructural development policy framework, with particular focus on energy and production networks safety, due to their proximity with urban areas.



MARPOL ANNEX VI 0.50%

(max sulphur % by mass) FROM: 01.01.2020

Fuel Infrastructure Directive (COM 2013/18)

LNG refuelling from each TENT Core Network Port

FROM: ???

LIVORNO PORT MASTER PLAN And Extended Green Port

FROM: now

REGULATIONS

LPG FACILITY FROM: now

LNG OFFSHORE FACILITY

FROM: 2015

GREENCRANES PILOTS

in progress NEXT STEP ???

INFRASTRUCTURES

GAS




A. LPG

B. LNG





Liquefied Petroleum Gas, also called LPG, GPL, LP Gas, liquid petroleum gas or simply propane or butane, is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases.

It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to the ozone layer. When specifically used as a vehicle fuel it is often referred to as autogas.

LPG is prepared by refining petroleum or "wet" natural gas, and is almost entirely derived from fossil fuel sources, being manufactured during the refining of petroleum (crude oil), or extracted from petroleum or natural gas streams as they emerge from the ground.

It currently provides about 3% of all energy consumed, and burns relatively cleanly with no soot and very few sulfur emissions. As it is a gas, it does not pose ground or water pollution hazards, but it can cause air pollution.

Its use is becoming widespread worldwide in several sectors: motor fuels, heating, refrigeration and cooking



Is the most importan Italian LPG Storage Facility

Is the only LPG underground storage in Italy

Provides almost ¼ of the global italian LPG needs

Can be refueled with Large LPG Carrier

COSTIERO GAS LIVORNO FACILITY PROFILE



UNDERGROUND LPG STORAGE FACILITY

Costiero Gas Livorno S.p.A. is located inside the industrial canal, in an area characterized by both industrial and port settlements, including ENI Refinery

The plant is built over an area of 106,000 squared meters

Costiero Gas S.p.A. is a company of ENI Group

The hazardous substance handled and stored inside the underground caves is LPG Commercial Propane (Mix. C)



N°45 LPG Carrier

N° 1986 Rail-Tankers

N° 19.680 Road-Tankers

N° 2 Pipeline Transfer & Stock

2012 COSTIERO GAS FIGURES

445 kTons IMPORT

446 kTons EXPORT




A. LPG

B. LNG





Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is natural gas (mostly methane) in its

liquid form, achieved by reaching temperatures of -161 °C.

The same amount of gas, in its liquefied status, occupies a

volume 600 times smaller than in the gaseous state.

A single “LNG Carrier Ship” can contain large quantities of gas, making transportation

economically viable. One “LNG carrier” can transport about 130,000 cubic metres of

LNG, equivalent to about 80 million cubic metres of the product in its gaseous form.

Huge potentialities of global level trading through storage facilities and ships that are

specially designed to tolerate low temperatures.

Although production costs are among the highest of any fossil fuel, technological

improvements have reduced costs by 35-50% over the last 10 years.

As a result, the LNG market is expected to double in size by 2015 to more than 40%

of the world’s natural gas supply, compared to 26% in 2005.

Almost 90% of the world’s potential natural gas reserves are beyond pipeline export

reach, indicating an enormous potential demand for LNG technology.



LNG EXPORT TERMINAL LNG SEA TRANSPORT LNG IMPORT TERMINAL

LNG TECHNOLOGY & RE-GASIFICATION

• “Regasification” is a system that converts methane gas into a liquid form in the producer countries so it can be transported by ship to the consumer countries where it is “regasified”, i.e. brought back to its gaseous state and introduced into the normal distribution networks.

• The regasification process is obtained by introducing the gas into a “heat exchanger” where a warmer liquid flows, normally seawater at natural temperature, heats the LNG bringing it back to the gaseous state.

• Transport by sea is an advantageous alternative allowing gas to be bought freely throughout the world without being tied to a gas pipeline connection.

• This allows consumer countries to be supplied regardless of existing gas pipeline networks



THE “OLT OFFSHORE LNG TOSCANA” TERMINAL

OLT Offshore LNG Toscana S.p.A. is the company that has supported the

regasification terminal project and holds the permits needed for the

construction and running of the floating storage and regasification plant

(“FSRU Toscana”) which will be positioned 22 km offshore the Tuscan

coast in front of Livorno and Pisa.

E.ON Ruhrgas (46.79%)

Is the global Unit of the E.ON

Group, one of the main private

energy groups and gas company

managing the gas business at the

pan-european level.

The company, with about 3.200

employees, is active throughout

the value chain of the gas, from

exploration and production, to

transport and storage, till sale.

IREN Group (46.79%)

(which includes the share of

5.08% belonging to ASA Livorno)

Is a multi-utility operating in

electricity production, trading and

sale, heat energy for district

heating (production and sale), gas

(supplying, distribution and sale),

water mana-gement and supply;

environmental services and waste

treatment and disposal.

GOLAR LNG (2.69%)

Ship-owner specialized in the

management of LPG carrier and

LNG tanker fleets, and belonging

to the Fredriksen group (owner of

the largest oil tanker fleet in the

world) and OLT Energy Toscana

S.p.A. (3.73%) the company that

originally developed the project.



OLT OFFSHORE LNG LOCATION • The Toscana offshore regasification

plant comprises an LNG carrier that

has been suitably modified and is

permanently anchored about 22 km

offshore between Livorno and Pisa.

• The gas will be transferred onshore

through a 36 km long pipeline, (29

km at sea, 5 km in the floodway and

2 km on dry land). The gas pipeline

will be completely buried at a

minimum depth of 2 metres.

• The location of the regasification terminal was chosen at national level because

Livorno is a suitable port to support the unit’s activities.

• Livorno is also located in a strategic procurement area near to the territories where

the gas is mostly used. Tuscany is in fact one of the regions that uses large quantities

of gas with an annual consumption of about 4 billion cubic metres.



• The unit will be firmly anchored to the seabed through six anchors with a single

rotation point at the bow to permit the ship to move around the anchoring adapting to

the weather and sea conditions without repercussions to its activity.

• At full stretch the unit will have a regasification capacity of 3.75 billion cubic metres a

year (about 4% of the national requirement), an average regasification capacity of 11

million cubic metres a day and a storage capacity of 137,500 cubic metres of liquefied

natural gas (LNG).

• The OLT Offshore LNG Toscana project

provides for the conversion of an LNG

carrier (Golar Frost) into a floating unit

permanently anchored about 22 km off

the coast, invisible from dry land, which

will transform the liquid natural gas

(LNG) back to its normal gaseous state.

THE FLOATING TERMINAL



THE PROCESS • UNLOADING OF THE LNG AND STORAGE

IN THE REGASIFIER’S TANKS: in this

operating stage, the gas carriers used for

transporting the liquefied gas (LNG)

berth alongside the unit aided by tugs.

The LNG is taken from the ships via four

mobile arms and poured into the

regasifier’s four spherical tanks.

• REGASIFICATION: THE LNG IS BROUGHT

BACK TO ITS GASEOUS STATE: the stored

LNG is then put into “heat exchangers”

to heating the LNG bringing it back to

the gaseous state.

• SENDING THE GAS TO THE NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM: the gas is taken to a

depth of 120 metres via a flexible pipeline where it reaches the inlet structure of a

29.5 km long sealine, which belongs to the national distribution system.

http://www.oltoffshore.it/wp-content/uploads/att_regas_en1.jpg



Ship-terminal main features: Length 288.6 meters, width 48 meters, high 26.5 meters

Mooring of LNG carriers with a capacity between 65.000 and 138.000 cubic meters

12 miles (about 22 km): Terminal distance from the coast - no visual impact

3.75: billion of LNG cubic meters per year supplied by the plant (4% of national gas

requirement)

36.5 km: total pipeline length (29.5 km at sea and 7 km on dry land)

6 meter: pipeline depth

4 billion of LNG cubic meters used by Toscana Region

7 billion of LNG cubic meters Toscana Region use expected for next 2/3 years

7%: LNG market worldwide growth

600 million euro: projectʼs global investment

THE “OLT OFFSHORE LNG TOSCANA” – SOME NUMBERS




A. LPG

B. LNG





Loading / Unloading SubsystemYard SubsystemDelivery / Reception

SubsystemH. TransportSubsystem

PROCESS ANALYSIS

SUBSYSTEMS

DEFINITION

EQUIPMENTS

OPERATION TYPE

CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS

PROCESSES ANALYSIS

SUBSYSTEMS DEFINITION

EQUIPMENTS

OPERATION TYPE

SUBSYSTEMS

OPERATION TYPE IMPORT EXPORT TRANSHIPMENT

ENERGY CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS IN THE PORT OF LIVORNO CONTAINER TERMINAL



GENERIC EXPORT PROCESS

Gat

e Te

rmin

al

RTG

Re

ach

Sta

cke

r

Stac

kin

g A

rea

RTG

Re

ach

Sta

cke

r

Yard

Tra

cto

r

Ber

th

STS

Cra

ne

Ve

sse

l

Emp

ties

Fo

rklif

t

Maritime OperativeLand Operative Housekeeping

(1)

(2)

Emp

ties

Fo

rklif

t

(3)

Delivery / Reception Sub-System

Yard Sub-System

Horizontal Transport Sub-System

Loading / Unloading Sub-System

(4)(5) (6)

Gat

e Te

rmin

al

RTG

Re

ach

Sta

cke

r

Stac

kin

g A

rea

RTG

Re

ach

Sta

cke

r

Yard

Tra

cto

r

Ber

th

STS

Cra

ne

Ve

sse

l

Emp

ties

Fo

rklif

t

Maritime OperativeLand Operative Housekeeping

Emp

ties

Fo

rklif

t


Yard Sub-System



(1)(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

GENERIC IMPORT PROCESS



Stac

kin

g A

rea

RT

G

Re

ach

Sta

cke

r

Yard

Tra

cto

r

Be

rth

ST

S C

ran

e

Ve

sse

l

Maritime OperativeMaritime Operative

Em

pti

es

Fork

lift


Yard Sub-System



(1)(2)

(3)

Yard

Tra

cto

r

Ve

sse

l

ST

S C

ran

e

Be

rth

RT

G

Re

ach

Sta

cke

r

Em

pti

es

Fork

lift

(4)

(5)(6)(7)

Housekeeping

TRANSHIPMENT

HOUSEKEEPING OPERATIONS



PCT’s TYPICAL EQUIPMENTS

1. STS, Ship-to-Shore Gantry Crane

2. RTG, Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane

3. SC, Straddle Carrier

4. RS, Reach Stacker

5. TT, Terminal Tractor

1

2

3

4

5


34%

13%5%

48%

Electrical Consumption 2011 (kWh)

STS Cranes Yard Lightning Offices Container Reefers


PORT OF VALENCIA - NOATUM TERMINAL

2011 (kWh)

STS Cranes 6.510.256

Terminal Lightning 2.438.803

Offices 1.061.346

Reefer Containers 9.193.395

Total Terminal NCTV 19.203.799

26%

13%

10%

51%

Electrical Consumption 2011 (kWh)

STS Cranes Terminal Lightning Offices Reefer Containers

PORT OF LIVORNO – DARSENA TOSCANA

2011 (kWh)



Offices 923.628

Reefer Containers 4.633.337

Total Terminal TDT 9.151.837

PORT OF KOPER – CONTAINER TERMINAL

2011 (kWh)



Offices 178.413

Cathodic Protection 132.016

Other 251.605

Total Terminal Koper 5.350.325

ELECTRICAL CONSUMPTION 2011



63%

33%

3% 1%

Yard Machinery. Total Fuel Consumption NCTV 2011

RTGs Yard Tractors Reach Stackers Empty Forklifts

PORT OF VALENCIA - NOATUM TERMINAL

Fuel Consumption 2011 (litres)

RTGs 3.857.979

Terminal Tractors 1.989.317

Reach Stackers 193.547

Empty Forklifts 62.402

Total Terminal NCTV 6.103.445

28%

6%

23%

41%

2%

Yard Machinery. Total Fuel Consumption TDT 2011

RTGs Internal Tractors External Tractors Reach Stackers ForkLifts

PORT OF LIVORNO - DARSENA TOSCANA


RTGs 380.850

Internal Tractors 85.979

External Tractors 308.180


Forklifts 21.359

Total Terminal TDT 1.348.571

PORT OF KOPER - CONTAINER TERMINAL


RTGs 783.847


Empty Containers 158.911

Forklifts 4.264

Total Terminal Koper 1.422.249

FUEL CONSUMPTION 2011



• Carbon Footprint is an indicator for measuring the environmental impact of a certain activity in

terms of Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GHG).

• GHGs are gases present in the earth's atmosphere that reduce the loss of heat into space, as

H2O vapor, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide, (N20), and fluorinated gases.

• The approach used for its calculation on industrial installations is focused on their activities &

processes provided during ordinary operations.

• The Carbon Footprint is determined taking as a reference the energy consumption of the

terminal, disaggregated by type of energy source (electricity and fuels). For each type of energy

source, emission coefficients are defined in order to obtain the GHG emissions produced at the

consumer point derived from the use of each type of energy.

• The used methodology also considers the concept of "CO2 equivalent emissions"

CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATION



VALENCIA LIVORNO KOPER

CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATION



PORT CONTAINER TERMINALS ARE HUGE ENERGY CONSUMERS, ESPECIALLY ON THOSE ENERGY SOURCES BASED ON FOSSIL FUELS

PORT ENERGY PROFILE CONCLUSIONS

BIG PORT CONTAINER TERMINALS CAN BE DEFINED AS IMPORTANT GHG EMITTERS AT THE SAME LEVEL OF OTHER HEAVY INDUSTRIES

EFFORTS TO REDUCE FUEL CONSUMPTION AND GHG EMISSIONS PRODUCED BY RTGS, YARD TRACTORS AND REACH STACKERS ARE STRONGLY RECOMMENDED

• Concerning social impact, port installations are usually located near populated cities and urban areas. This is the case of Livorno (and many other Mediterranean ports).

• Impact of port operations affects directly nearby population as direct GHG emissions (derived from diesel oil) are locally deployed, not only CO2, but also other pollutant and toxic gases like N20, Sulphur compounds and suspension particles.

• Although electricity does not produce direct environmental impact in terms of emissions at ports, its generation in power plants produce also indirect GHG which must be taken into account when describing the energy consumption maps of port container terminals.



The third pilot and demonstration of the GreenCranes project, to be held in the port of

Livorno, will be based on the adaptation of a Reach Stacker vehicle to a different

motorisation for reducing the environmental impact and the energy consumption.

PILOT PHASES:

Design of a Reach Stacker that adopts

alternative environmental compatible

fuelling (i.e. LNG or hydrogen cells)

Integration and realisation of a

prototype according to the design

Functional testing of the prototype

Pilot of the prototype and analysis of

performance in a real PCT

FOLLOWING ACTIVITY: PORT OF LIVORNO PILOT EXPERIENCE



ECO EFFICIENT FUEL ALTERNATIVES ASSESSMENT FOR REACH STACKERS (1)

Main Technical Issues

Tank NET volume 5 to 10 times actual Diesel tank HI

Vehicle adaptation design and costs efforts HI

Refueling station costs M

Environmental Issues Zero Local Impact LO

H2 with fuel cell


Tank NET volume 4 times actual Diesel tank HI

Vehicle adaptation design and costs efforts M


Environmental Issues Lower emissions of particulate, non-methane hydrocarbon emissions, nitrogen oxides and GHG.

LO

CNG





Tank NET volume 1,5 times actual Diesel tank M

Vehicle adaptation design and costs efforts M


Impact of «out of service» time M


LO

Cost/Benefit Aspects Payback will be 5 years and IRR will be 25,79% LO

LNG SINGLE FUEL





Additional LNG tank LO

Vehicle adaptation design and costs efforts LO


Impact of «out of service» time LO


M

Cost/Benefit Aspects Payback will be 7 years and IRR will be 11,89%. M

DUAL FUEL LNG/DIESEL

DUAL FUEL LNG/DIESEL IS THE FINAL DECISION



MARPOL ANNEX VI 0.50%

(max sulphur % by mass) FROM: 01.01.2020

Fuel Infrastructure Directive (COM 2013/18)

LNG refuelling from each TENT Core Network Port

FROM: ???

LIVORNO PORT MASTER PLAN And Extended Green Port

FROM: now

REGULATIONS

LPG FACILITY FROM: now

SHIPS & TRUCKS LNG REFUELLING

STATION ???

INFRASTRUCTURES

NEXT STEP !!!

GAS

LNG OFFSHORE FACILITY

FROM: 2015

GREENCRANES PILOTS

in progress

GREENCRANES, AN ACTION DEVELOPED THANKS TO:

Consortium:

the ten-t «greencranes» project: a step ahead of

Documents