the theory that eukaryotic cells arose from a symbiotic ... · endosymbiotic theory for the...
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Endosymbiotic Theory for the Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells The theory that eukaryotic cells arose from a symbiotic relationship formed when a _____________________________ ________________________________. A mutually beneficial relationship evolved into membrane-bound organelles.
Endo = in Symbiosis= a close relationship between species
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Supporting Evidence Mitochondria and chloroplasts ____________ ______________, which is a circular chromosome similar to prokaryotic cell chromosomes. Mitochondria have their own ribosomes which are
similar to prokaryotic ribosomes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts can divide on their
own.
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Supporting Evidence Cont. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by a __________________________ (as would be a cell engulfed by another cell.) Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same size as a typical prokaryotic cell.
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Video: Endosymbiotic Theory http://w
ww.youtube.com
/watch?v=um
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LI
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Review with your table partner:
Discuss with your partner anything you have already learned about how viruses compare to cells.
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Virus Bacterium (Prokaryotic Cell) Eukaryotic Cell
• _______________ ____________ • Protein Coat • Does NOT contain
ribosomes
• DNA (not separated from cell)
• Cell Membrane • Ribosomes • Enzymes
• DNA is in nucleus • Membrane-bound
organelles with enzymes for each task organized
• _____________________________________________
• Can NOT produce ATP (utilize energy)
• Can produce proteins
• Can produce ATP from an energy source
• More efficient • Can be 10-100 x
bigger than a bacterium
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Viruses must ____________________________.
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http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/
Relative Sizes of Cells, Organelles, Viruses, Molecules and Atoms:
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Unicellular:
An organism made of only one cell.
Example: Diatom
Multicellular:
An organisms made of many cells.
The average human has approximately 100 trillion cells.
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Levels of Organization
Tissue: A group of __________ cells that work together.
Example: Muscle tissue
Organ: A group of __________ types of cells that work together for a specific function.
Example: The heart
Organ System: A group of organs that work together.
Example: The circulatory system