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Political & Social - Monica1955-1960

Britain • There was a radical change in society during 1955. 30,000

workers had immigrated into Britain in order to find employment. Different cultural backgrounds and beliefs were introduced which caused an impact on British society.

• Beatniks - an emerging group of young people rejecting conventional lifestyles. There was a predominate rise of these young people which caused rebellious acts among Britain.

• Feminism was still on the rise. They yet again achieved success as 24 women became MPs, representing their political role in parliament.

• However in 1958, rioting and radical tension developed within society in Nottingham, which influenced London’s Notting Hill race riots. Political and social differences began to show which challenged British society.

• In 1959 25 women became MPs. • In 1960 Contraceptive oral pill becomes available for women to use and the

Second wave of the ‘Feminist Movement’ begins.

USA• The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968) in the United States

aimed at outlawing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring their right to vote.

• The movement was characterized by major campaigns of civil resistance. Acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience caused crisis situations between activists and government authorities. Federal, state and local governments, businesses and communities often had to respond immediately toward inequality faced by African Americans. Forms of protest and civil disobedience included boycotts like the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955, ‘sit-ins’ such as the influential Greensboro sit-ins in North Carolina, marches in Alabama and a wide range of other nonviolent activities.

• Noted legislative achievements during this phase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that banned discrimination based on "race, color, religion, or national origin" in employment practices and public accommodations

Russia• The end of the Stalin era brought immediate liberalization in several

aspects of Soviet life. Party leader Nikita S. Khrushchev denounced Stalin's tyrannical reign in 1956, signaling a sharp break with the past. Because Khrushchev lacked the all-encompassing power of Stalin, his time in office was marked by continuous maneuvering against political enemies much more real than Stalin's had been.

• Party control of cultural activity became much less restrictive with the onset of the first "thaw" in the mid-1950s. Khrushchev attempted reforms in both domestic and foreign policy, with mixed results. During his tenure (1953-64), world politics became much more complex as the insecurities of the Cold War persisted; Khrushchev ultimately was undone by a combination of failed policy innovations in agriculture, party politics, and industry

1910-1915Literature1913-27 – ‘Remembrance of Things Past’ Marcel Proust (France)Music1910 – ‘Firebird’ Igor Stravinsky (Russia) Theatre1912 – ‘The Post Office’ Rabindranath Tagore (India)Film1915 – ‘The Tramp’ Charlie Chaplin (US)

1955-1960Literature1955 – ‘Monstre Gai’, ‘Malign Fiesta’ Wyndham Lewis (UK)Theatre1960 – ‘Dance of the Forests’ Wole Soyinka (Nigeria)Film1955 – ‘Rebel Without a Cause’ Nicholas Ray (US)

1910-19151910- Claude demonstrates the first modern neon light at the Paris Motor Show.1911- Joseph Rawlings files a United Kingdom patent for a wall plug.1912- RMS Titanic strikes an iceberg and sinks on her maiden voyage from the United Kingdom to the United States.1913- Kinemacolor, the first commercial “natural color” system for movies is invented.1914- A 76 cm refracting telescope is built at Allegheny Observatory in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It is the fifth largest refractor in the world.1915- Pluto is photographed for the first time but not recognized as a planet.

1955-1960 1955- Strömsund Bridge in Sweden completed, the first significant cable-stayed bridge of the modern era.1956- First flight of Convair B-58, the first supersonicjetbomber capable of Mach 2 flight, designed by Robert H. Widmer.1957- Launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite.1958- The United States Congress formally creates the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).1959- Agfa introduces the first fully automatic camera, the Optima.1960- Dutch mathematician Hans Freudenthal invents the artificial language Lincos, intended for communication with extraterrestrial intelligence.

1910-The City Rises by Umberto Boccioni. -Girl with Parrot- Pierre Bonnard - Pablo Picasso – Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler- Julian Trevelyan - English printmaker

1911- Mona Lisa stolen from the Musée du Louvre-Lydia Field Emmet – Olivia- Henri Matisse – L’Atelier Rouge

1912-Marcel Duchamp – Nude Descending a Staircase, No. 2-David Bomberg – Vision of Ezekiel-Ludwig Merwart - Austrian painter and graphic artist

1914-David Bomberg – The Mud Bath- Jean Tabaud, French artist

1915-print magazine

The category I have chosen is Art & Design because it consists of major artistic movements and events which I am interested in. I also want to use this as an opportunity to expand my knowledge on different styles of artwork.

Pablo Picasso – Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler; a Cubist style, Oil on canvas

Kahnweiler was an important person in Picasso's life, he was among the first people to recognize the importance of P's painting