The Treaty Of Versailles The Treaty Of Versailles & The League of Nations& The League of Nations

Objective: Analyze the Objective: Analyze the effects of World War I with effects of World War I with emphasis on the Treaty of emphasis on the Treaty of

Versailles and the League of Versailles and the League of Nations.Nations.

The Allies Won the War!!!!!!

CAUSES•Imperialism leads to international rivalries w/in Europe•Nationalism between & Within countries intensifies•Military buildup in Europe intensifies•Europe develops a complicated system of alliances•Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated•Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

WORLD WAR I

EFFECTS

•Map of Europe is redrawn•League of Nations formed•U.S. economy is boosted•U.S. suffers post-war disillusionment

I. IntroI. Intro

A) President Wilson believed the A) President Wilson believed the world could be made safe for world could be made safe for democracy.democracy.

B) His peace policy was called The B) His peace policy was called The Fourteen Points.Fourteen Points.

C) The first five points were issues C) The first five points were issues that Wilson believed had to be that Wilson believed had to be addressed to prevent another war.addressed to prevent another war.

II.Wilson’s 14 PointsII.Wilson’s 14 Points 1. There should be no secret treaties among 1. There should be no secret treaties among

nations.nations. 2. Freedom of the seas should be maintained for 2. Freedom of the seas should be maintained for

all.all. 3. Tariffs and other economic barriers among 3. Tariffs and other economic barriers among

nations should be lowered or abolished in order to nations should be lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade.foster free trade.

4. Arms should be reduced “to the lowest point 4. Arms should be reduced “to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety, thus lessening consistent with domestic safety, thus lessening the possibility of military responses” during the possibility of military responses” during diplomatic crises.diplomatic crises.

5. Colonial policies should consider the interests 5. Colonial policies should consider the interests of the colonial peoples as well as the interests of of the colonial peoples as well as the interests of imperial powers.imperial powers.

14 Points Cont. 14 Points Cont. D) The next eight points dealt with boundary D) The next eight points dealt with boundary

changes. changes. E) The Fourteenth point called for the creation of E) The Fourteenth point called for the creation of

an international organization to address an international organization to address diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the diplomatic crises like those that had sparked the war.war.

F) The formation of F) The formation of The League of NationsThe League of Nations would provide a forum for nations to discuss and would provide a forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without having to resort to settle their grievances without having to resort to war. war.

G) The League of Nations would help to create G) The League of Nations would help to create world peace. world peace.

*The United States does not join the League of Nations.

III. The Versailles Peace TreatyIII. The Versailles Peace Treaty

A) March 1919, the A) March 1919, the “Big Four” (Britain, “Big Four” (Britain, France, Italy, and France, Italy, and the U.S.) went to the U.S.) went to Paris to discuss the Paris to discuss the aftermath of WWI.aftermath of WWI.

BRITAINGeorge

FRANCEClemenceau

ITALYOrlando

THE UNITED STATESWilson

THE BIG FOUR

“It is much easier to make war than peace.”Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France

The “Big Four”The “Big Four”

GeorgeOrlando Clemenceau

Wilson

IV. Provisions of the TreatyIV. Provisions of the Treaty

1. Established nine new nations. Including 1. Established nine new nations. Including Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia.

2. The treaty barred Germany from 2. The treaty barred Germany from maintaining an Army.maintaining an Army.

3. It required Germany to return the region 3. It required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France. of Alsace-Lorraine to France.

4. Germany was to pay 4. Germany was to pay reparations: reparations: war war damages amounting $33 Billion to the damages amounting $33 Billion to the Allies. Allies.

Compare them…Compare them…

Europe before WW1Europe before WW1 Europe after WW1Europe after WW1

These new countries were acquired by Germany when Russia withdrew from World War I in 1917-Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Then Germany lost the acquired territory at the conclusion of World War I.

V. Treaty of Versailles ContinuedV. Treaty of Versailles Continued

A) Several basic flaws in the treaty sowed A) Several basic flaws in the treaty sowed the seeds of postwar international the seeds of postwar international problems that eventually would lead to the problems that eventually would lead to the Second World War.Second World War.

B) The treaty humiliated Germany. B) The treaty humiliated Germany. C) It contained a C) It contained a war-guilt clause war-guilt clause forcing forcing

Germany to admit sole responsibility for Germany to admit sole responsibility for starting WWI. starting WWI.

D) Germany could not pay the huge D) Germany could not pay the huge financial financial reparationsreparations. .

VI. Post-War DisillusionmentVI. Post-War Disillusionment

A) European countries owed the U.S. A) European countries owed the U.S. $12 Billion.$12 Billion.

B) When the “doughboys” returned, B) When the “doughboys” returned, many were unemployedmany were unemployed

C) Jobs were scarceC) Jobs were scarce D) Ending of an Era of optimism. D) Ending of an Era of optimism.

VII. Reparations, a precursor to VII. Reparations, a precursor to WWIIWWII

A) German disarmamentA) German disarmament B) ReparationsB) Reparations