T H E T U R N I N G P O I N T S O F T H E N E W P H E N O M E N O L O G I C A L E R A

A N A L E C T A H U S S E R L I A N A

T H E Y E A R B O O K O F P H E N O M E N O L O G I C A L R E S E A R C H

V O L U M E X X X I V

Editor-in - Chief:

A N N A - T E R E S A T Y M I E N I E C K A

The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning Belmont, Massachusetts

P H E N O M E N O L O G Y I N T H E W O R L D F I F T Y Y E A R S A F T E R T H E D E A T H O F E D M U N D H U S S E R L

Book 1 T H E TURNING POINTS OF T H E N E W P H E N O M E N O L O G I C A L E R A Husserl Research — Drawing upon the Full Extent of His Development

Book 2 H U S S E R L I A N P H E N O M E N O L O G Y IN A N E W K E Y Intersubjectivity, Ethos, the Societal Sphere, Human Encounter, Pathos

Book 3 HUSSERL'S L E G A C Y IN P H E N O M E N O L O G I C A L PHILOSOPHIES New Approaches to Reason, Language, Hermeneutics, the Human Condition

Book 4 NEW QUERIES IN AESTHETICS AND METAPHYSICS Time, Historicity, Art, Culture, Metaphysics, the Transnatural

T H E T U R N I N G POINTS OF T H E N E W

P H E N O M E N O L O G I C A L E R A

Husserl Research — Drawing upon the Full Extent of His Development

B O O K 1 Phenomenology in the World Fifty Years after the Death of

Edmund Husserl

Edited by

A N N A - T E R E S A T Y M I E N I E C K A

The World Phenomenology Institute

Published under the auspices of The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning

A-T. Tymieniecka, President

If SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.

L i b r a r y of Congress Catalog1ng-1n-PublIcat1on Data

The T u r n i n g p o i n t s o f t h e new phenomeno 1 og 1 ca 1 e r a : H u s s e r l r e s e a r c h d r a w i n g upon t h e f u l l e x t e n t o f h i s d e v e l o p m e n t / e d i t e d by Anna - T e r e s a T y m i e n l e c k a .

p. cm. — ( A n a l e c t a H u s s e r l l a n a ; v. 34) ( P h e n o m e n o l o g y i n t h e w o r l d f i f t y y e a r s a f t e r t h e d e a t h o f H u s s e r l ; bk. 1)

E n g l i s h , F r e n c h , and German.

C h i e f l y p a p e r s from t h e F i r s t W o r l d C o n g r e s s o f Phenomenolog y h e l d 1n S a n t i a g o de C o m p o s t e l a , S p a i n , S e p t . 2 6 - 0 c t . 1, 1988.

" P u b l i s h e d u n d e r t h e a u s p i c e s o f t h e W o r l d I n s t i t u t e f o r A d v a n c e d Phenomeno 1 og 1 ca 1 R e s e a r c h and L e a r n i n g . "

I n c l u d e s b i b l i o g r a p h i c a l r e f e r e n c e s . ISBN 978-94-010-5533-8 ISBN 978-94-011-3464-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3464-4 1. P h e n o m e n o l o g y — C o n g r e s s e s . 2. H u s s e r l , Edmund. 1859-1938-

- C o n g r e s s e s . I . T y m i e n l e c k a , A n n a - T e r e s a . I I . W o r l d C o n g r e s s o f Phenomenology ( 1 s t : 1988 : S a n t i a g o de C o m p o s t e l a , S p a i n ) I I I . S e r i e s . I V . S e r i e s : P h e n o m e n o l o g y In t h e w o r l d f i f t y y e a r s a f t e r t h e d e a t h of H u s s e r l ; bk. 1. B3279.H94A129 v o l . 34 [ B 8 2 9 . 5 ] 142* .7 s — d c 2 0

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS UANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA I World-Wide Phenomenol-ogy Fulfilling Husserl's Project: An Introduction Xl

ROBERT WISE and JUAN CARLOS COUCEIRO BUENO IPhenomenology in the World Fifty Years after the Death ofEdmund Husserl: A Report XXI

INAUGURAL STUDIES

THE TURNING POINTS OF THE

NEW PHENOMENOLOGICAL ERA

Life, the Critique ofReason, Embodied Subjectivity,the Human Being, the Societal World, Nature,

the Creative Experience

ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA I Phenomenology of Lifeand the New Critique of Reason: From Husserl's Philosophyto the Phenomenology of Life and of the Human Condition 3

FERNANDO MONTERO I The Construction of Subjectivity 17ARION L. KELKEL I Husserl and the Anthropological Voca-tion of Phenomenology 35

LOTHAR ELEY I Was ist und was leistet eine phanomeno­logische Theorie der sozialen Welt? Anmerkungen zurSozialtheorie von Hegel und Husserl 57

JORGE GARC1A-G6MEZ I Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka's Phe­nomenology of Creative Experience and the Critique ofReason 77

ROBERTO J. WALTON I Nature and the "Primal Horizon" 97

v

vi TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART ONE

HUSSERL RESEARCH: FOUNDATIONAL QUESTIONS

OF HUSSERL'S THOUGHT REVISITED

FRAN<;OIS LARUELLE / La Science des phenomenes et lacritique de la decision phenomenologique 115

S0REN GOSVIG OLESEN / Variation 129NELYA MOTROSHILOVA / The Phenomenology of EdmundHusserl and the Natural Sciences - Juxtaposition or Co-operation? 139

TADASHI OGAWA / Husserl und die Vorstruktur des Be­wusstseins - Eine rekonstruktive Uberlegung von demstrukturalen Gesichtspunkt 151

PIOTR DAWIDZIAK / The Organizing Principle of the Cogni-tive Process or the Mode of Existence: Husserl's andIngarden's Concepts of Attitude 163

LUIGIA DI PINTO / The Archeology of Modalization inHusserl: From Analogies to Passive Synthesis 179

FRANCISCO SALTO ALEMANY / In Continuity: A Reflectionon the Passive Synthesis of Sameness 195

DARKO POLSEK / Phenomenology as a MethodologicalResearch Program 203

TOMAS SODEIKA / Psychologism and Description in Hus-serl's Phenomenology 219

PART TWO

THE CONSTITUTION OF MEANING

AND OBJECTIVITY

MIGUEL GARCtA-BAR6/ Some Puzzles on Essence 233OSVALDO ROSSI/Method and Ontology: Reflections onEdmund Husserl 255

ANTONIO GUTIERREZ POZO / The Meaning of Thought'sNearness to Meaning in Husserlian Phenomenology 263

CHAN WING-CHEUK / Foundedness and Motivation 269MAIJA KULE / The Ontological Pre-conditions of Under-standing and the Formation of Meaning 279

CLAUDE GANDELMAN / Philosophy as a Sign-ProducingActivity: The Metastable Gestalt of Intentionality 287

TABLE OF CONTENTS Vll

JORGE GARCfA-G6MEZ I Perceptual Consciousness, Materi-ality, and Idealism 299

MATJAZ POTRC I A Naturalistic and Evolutionary Accountof Content 357

PART THREE

REASON AND RATIONALITY

SLAWOMIRA WALCZEWSKA I Husserl vs. Dilthey - AControversy over the Concept of Reason 369

KATHLEEN HANEY I Husserl'sCritiqueofReason 377ANNA ESCHER DI STEFANO I Is There a Dichotomy inHusserl's Thought? 399

THERESA PENTZOPOULOU VALALAS I Phenomenologyand Teleology: Husserl and Fichte 409

J.-CLAUDE PIGUET I La Phenomenologie refuse l'abstractionet la formalisation 427

GARY E. OVERVOLD I The Foundationalist Conflict inHusserl's Rationalism 441

PART FOUR

INTUITION, PHENOMENOLOGICAL REDUCTION,

AND CERTAINTY

ZELJKO PAVIC I Die Selbstintentionalitat der Welt 455JOSEF SIVAK I L"'Exigence d'une phenomenologie asubjec-tive" et la noematique 465

ROMANO ROMANI I Notes on Husserl and Kant 475MAREK J. SIEMEK I Husserl and the Heritage of Transcen-dental Philosophy 483

MARIA L. CORTE-REAL I On Contradiction 493MARIA JOSE CANTISTA I The Meaning of 'Radical Founda-tion' in Husserl: The Outline of an Interpretation 501

WOLFGANG KIENZLER I What Is a Phenomenon? TheConcept of Phenomenon in Husserl's Phenomenology 517

ADELHEID HAMACHER-HERMES I The Debate betweenHusserl and Voigt Concerning the Logic of Content andExtensional Logic 529

INDEX OF NAMES 549

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

As this four-book opus is going to print, ready to be presented to thescholarly public as a panorama of the world-wide expansion and wealthof phenomenology today, I wish to express thanks to all who made thismonumental publication possible. In the first place, our thanks are dueto those who made it possible for us to hold our First World Congressof Phenomenology at Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 26 September-1October, 1988 - to the Spanish Organizing Committee, headed byProfessor Fernando Montero Moliner, and to the University of San­tiago de Compostela, represented by Professor Carlos A. Baliiias, headof the Department of Philosophy, who were our co-organizers andhosts. It is chiefly from the material of the Congress that the articles ofthis publication have been selected. We are also grateful to the Spanishinstitutions enumerated in our report, "Phenomenology in the WorldFifty Years after the Death of Edmund Husserl," and in the Program ofthe Congress, for their generous financial support.I want also to thank Professor Marlies Kronegger for her expert

organization and direction of one of our symposia at the XVIIIthWorld Congress of Philosophy in Brighton, England in that sameanniversary year, from which several papers included in these volumeswere selected.Particular thanks are due to my assistant, Mr. Robert Wise, for his

dedicated cooperation in the preparations for the Santiago congressand for his personal commitment to the excellence of the editorial workfor such a body of material, most of which is in translation. Hiscontribution to the stylistic quality of this publication cannot be enoughappreciated.I am also thankful to Mr. Mark Oliver for his copy-editing of a

number of studies.

A-T. TYMIENIECKA

IX

ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA

WORLD-WIDE PHENOMENOLOGY FULFILLING

HUSSERL'S PROJECT

An Introduction

What is the status of Husserl's phenomenology today? Does it play anysignificant role or is it relegated to strictly historical research? Has thephenomenology initiated by Husserl come to an end? There is hardlyany orthodox Husserlian today. But what is or could be an orthodoxHusserlian?These questions come to mind when, even after fifty years of

discussions among scholars since the death of this great master ofphenomenology, we do not have a unified interpretation of his thought.Moreover, such a unifying interpretation is altogether impossible inview of Husserl's unfolding of his ever-expanding doctrine down to thevery end of his life, and of his reaching ever-new perspectives. Thepossibility of a consensus about his thought recedes further and furtheras rival or competing interpretations have stimulated new phenome­nologists and younger representatives to move in their own directions,often stimulated by non-Husserlian factors and nourished by new ideas.Lastly, the now vast field of research claiming allegiance to phenome­nology is diversified into numerous sectors inspired by the developingthought of other classic phenomenologists and their followers.As a matter of fact, it is often pointed out that phenomenology as a

philosophical trend is not due to one single thinker but was somehow"in the air" at the beginning of this century. We trace its direct originsto Franz Brentano and Edmund Husserl who, as the disciple inter­preting the master's intuitions in his own fashion, had elaborated thestarting point and foundations of phenomenology as a philosophiaprima. Yet, we acknowledge that the vigor, decisiveness, convincingforce, dissemination, as well as its launching as a new philosophicalapproach by Husserl was supported, invigorated and carried out bycolleagues and friends who gathered around Husserl, such as MoritzGeiger, Fritz Kaufmann, Adolph Reinach, A. Pfaender, Oscar Beckerand Max Scheler. They joined Husserl in his convictions while heinspired and formed a group of students around him. Their work notonly contributed initially to launching the main porte parole of this new

Xl

A -T. Tymieniecka (ed.), AnaleCla Husserliana, Vol. XXXIV, xi-xix.© 1991 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Xli ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA

way of thinking, the Jahrbuch fUr Philosophie, but their own originalphenomenological research has inspired in the past and is now inspiringphenomenological investigations in various regions of philosophicalquestions that they respectively undertook to investigate.In short, it is obvious that the powerful current of thought into which

phenomenology gathered its momentum was the result of the meetingof several minds, meeting in a strong conviction and prompted by theirpersonal inventive and talented efforts. It was truly a significantmoment in the history of Occidental culture that gave rise to this trendas it is certainly also a significant situation of contemporary culture atlarge that phenomenology, after having formed a school of thought, didnot fold its wings after one or two generations as did NeoKantianismbut rather is being acutely heard within the world, not only Occidentalor Oriental, but within the world wherever the present culture calls forgenuine philosophical inspiration.In view of this vast expanse of thought and research which go on in

the present day in lines of innumerable diversifications, we naturallymust ask whether there is still a trend of shared features that could fallunder the common label of "phenomenology." I answer this questionemphatically in the affirmative. It is precisely in pointing to some basicideas of Husserl that they converge.Don't we find, in fact, a pervading thread of the idea of inten­

tionality, although extended to new areas? Is not the expansion ofphenomenological inquiry due to the discovery of the work of constitu­tion in previously unsuspected areas? In mentioning here just thesetwo main tenets of classic phenomenology expanded into present-daythought, we cannot overlook the fulguration of thought provoked byinquiries into the later Husserl's intuitions and the subsequent dis­coveries of historical, cultural and life elements entering into andaffecting present experience.Recognizing, on the one hand, the essential contributions to the

classic phenomenological foundation-laying phase of phenomenologyby Husserl's associates, then and now a valid source of our investiga­tion, and, on the other hand, the innovative philosophical work by thefollowing generation, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, Rombach and others notforgetting such mavericks as Heidegger and Ortega y Gasset whichimproved upon the pioneering ideas of the Husserl of his earlier andmiddle period, we cannot fail to acknowledge the central role which thework of Husserl plays within the entire phenomenologically oriented

INTRODUCTION xiii

orbit and far beyond it. Indeed, the immense, painstaking, indefatigableand ever-improving effort of Husserl to find ever-deeper and morereliable foundations for the philosophical enterprise (as well as hisconstant critical re-thinking and perfecting of the approach and so­called "method" in order to perform this task and thus cover in thissource-excavation an ever more far-reaching groundwork) stands outand maintains itself as an inepuisable reservoir for philosophical reflec­tion in which all the above-mentioned work has either its core or itssource. In fact, in his undertaking to re-think the entire philosophicalenterprise as such and to recreate philosophy upon what he sought tobe at least a satisfactorily legitimated basis, Husserl, through his alreadysystematised and "authorized" work, and his courses, and later on in hisspontaneous reflection (which did not find its way into a definitivecorpus but was nevertheless sufficiently coherent with his previouslyestablished body of thought to be considered a continuation of it),uncovers perspectives upon the universe of man and projects their newphilosophical thematisation that brings together all the attempts byphilosophers (e.g., Merleau-Ponty, who drew upon this material andfound there his own inspiration) who succeeded him with foundationalintentions; it also gives a core of philosophical ideas and insights for theyounger generation of philosophers today.

It is also true that the present-day culture - not only this or thatspecific culture but what we might call the cultural spirit of the world ­shows a receptivity, a thirst for the ideas which only phenomenologyappears able to offer. It is also true that the cultural climate of the lasttwo decades fostered a new dynamism in those who are phenomeno­logically inspired, one even more vigorous than before. As its result,phenomenology today is completing an entire phase of its self-criticalcourse, the third phase which I announced two decades ago (AnalectaHusserliana, Vol. II, 1971).As a matter of fact, because of the fundamentally self-critical char­

acter of phenomenological principles (d. A-T. Tymieniecka "Phenome­nology Reflects Upon Itself," I and II in Analecta Husserliana, Vols. IIand III), there is today an enormous proliferation of thought in new andvery diverse directions which, however, remain attached to the basictenets of phenomenology. And this crucial significance of the self­critical principles of phenomenology applies in the strongest sense toHusser) himself who, as pointed out above, has not only sought toperfect his approaches and formulations but also in this self-critical

XIV ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA

effort expanded his range of positive, constructive insights in variouscircuits of reflection. In fact, since the Second World War, Husserlresearch and the influence of his thought have followed the progressiveadvance of Husserl himself as the various posthumous publicationssecured by Husserl disciples and directed by the enthusiastic Fr. H. L.Van Breda and released from the Husserl Archives at Leuven to theexpectant philosophical world. With each major volume the perspec­tives upon Husserl's thought have changed and expanded. Now, as weread in the latest publications of his inedita (e.g. Intersubjektivitiit,Ethische Vorlesungen, ...), Husserl's thought seems to have encom­passed an entire cycle of philosophical reflection upon the human beingwithin his life-world and even beyond it leading toward the divinity. It isfrom this complete cycle that the present-day generation of phenome­nological scholars draws inspiration and enlightenment. For this andother major reasons which we will briefly treat below, the present four­volume collection not only gives us the essential panorama of whatphenomenology is at the present moment (we could say a truly culmi­nating moment of its fruitful progress) - a vigorous thought inspiringinventive minds around the world in all cultures, languages, nations,political orientations, and economic conditions - but further makes apoint of getting a fix on this newly self-completing phase of thephenomenological development as such. We could say that the "thirdphase" of phenomenology, into which two decades ago phenomenologywas entering, leaving the classic and post-classic phases, has reached itsfull growth and precisely this in still one more quite major turn in the(then) unforeseeable enrichment of all lines of Husserlian thought andwithin innumerable ramifications of these lines.This collection is composed mainly from the papers submitted for

the First World Congress of Phenomenology organized by The WorldPhenomenology Institute in September of the year 1988 in Santiago deCompostela, Spain, commemorating the fiftieth annivarsary of Husserl'sdeath, as well as from selected work presented at other programs of theInstitute which took place the same year and with the same intent in theUS and England (d. the report: "Phenomenology in the World FiftyYears after the Death of Edmund Husserl," Bk 1, p. xxi). Theseprograms carried out on two continents, at two world congresses (theother being the XVIIth World Congress of Philosophy in Brighton,England, 1988) have been an exceptional occasion to bring togetherour collaborators dispersed in the world with many other phenomeno-

INTRODUCTION xv

logically inspired scholars attracted by these rare opportunities to cometogether and air their views, interests, concerns. This accounts for thetruly world-wide sounding of what phenomenology is today; it allowsthe surprisingly extensive and colorful fulguration of interests, problemsand formulations of ideas to appear.It is not possible, in fact, to put the spectrum of philosophical issues

in their original varied colorful richness which we have here into fixedphilosophical categories; they are too full of ingenious new twists,aspects, insights, views, indications, hints.... Consequently, in theirarrangement we will follow a rather standard differentiation by disci­plines and themes.Nevertheless, while declining to prematurely attempt a systematic,

interpretative differentiation of this wealth of ideas which has emergedso profusely, we must indicate, first, their allegiance to phenomenologyand to legitimizing it; second, we must trace the origin of this un­expected fecundity which phenomenology, now a century old, displaysas on the first day.The first reason for this new wave of renewal of the entire field lies

in the first place in the above-cited availability of the entire cycle ofHusserl's thought, renewing all in itself already or having germinalthought toward it. But it can be traced also to four other factors. Wewill endeavor to trace them while we present the main sectors of ouranthology.1. The present collection of essays marks in a striking way the

special new phase in strictly Husserlian research. Although inroads intophenomenology drawn from the integral Husserl corpus have alreadybeen initiated in recent years, as witnessed in the latest volumes ofAnalecta Husserliana and elsewhere, it is in the present collection thatwe see it in a vast spread of ideas, themes and insights; this collectiondoes, in this sense, inaugurate the new integral phase in Husserlresearch proper.2. Yet we gain not only new vistas and new precisions about the

thought of Husserl on the one hand, but also a deeper view into thegreat puzzles of phenomenology, by confronting Husserl's thought withother great phenomenological (and other) thinkers. Our second bookgroups these studies. It covers a great range of issues, bringing theminto a new light. Also, in the strictly thematic essays, viewed literally orobliquely, the great classic issues remain openly and intrinsically thefocus of concentration. Throughout these studies and reflections by the

XVI ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA

new generation of scholars we find not only the work of Husserl andthe classic phenomenologists but also the ruminated and digestedpresence of the classic interpretations of Husserl (e.g., of E. Fink, R.Ingarden, L. Landgrebe and his school). The later thought of M.Merleau-Ponty, H. G. Gadarner, E. Levinas, and Paul Ricoeur, phe­nomenlogically inspired albeit divergent in other aspects, are eitherdirectly treated or implicitly alluded to. We might say that in thisvibrantly new fragrance of thought we feel the new generation ofscholars breathing the air of their forerunners.What makes this vaste expanse of thought phenomenological, or,

what makes its allegiance to phenomenology, is, in the first place, thepredominance of the direct concern with the great classic issues ofHusserlianism: intentionality, evidence, consciousness, subject-object,intuition, constitution, reason, empathy, certainty, method, relation,transcendentalism, foundationalism, originality, time, horizon, histori­city, intersubjectivity, life-world, etc. In the enormous variety of ap­proaches, queries, insights, versatility of points of view, these dominantissues undergo an infinite adumbration in nuancement and refinement.3. This richness and its spread is also due to the immersion of

scholars in the debates going on in the philosophical streamlets of today- debates in which they participate and solidarize themselves vicari­ously - because it can be said that the entire span of the philosophicalarena of today, whether positive or negative, constructive or decadent,is indebted to the vigorous Husserlian proclaiming of phenomenologyand its unfolding. We distinguish Husserlian phenomenological concernsin all the streamlets of present-day philosophical thought. Whether it bestructuralism, semiotics, dialogism, communicative action, existentialismin its various shades, deconstruction, etc., in spite of their emphaticdisclaiming of any allegiance to phenomenology, each displays basiccontroversies or issues which can easily be shown to be related to orissuing from Husserl's inspiration. We may detect a Husserlian influ­ence at the very heart. First of all we might say that Husserl's vigorousstruggle against relativism and his quest for a neutral framework for theformulation and resolution of philosophical questions are visible inHabermas' efforts and those ... of Foucault where we see a startlingexample of the old drive for a unitary framework; the drive alsounderlies the most recent phenomenology of life (Tymieniecka). Theold Realism/Idealism issue is still vigorously debated having taken onnew forms, e.g., moving from transcendental idealism to the metaphysi­cal "onto-"realism.

INTRODUCTION XVll

As already mentioned, the trends of structuralism, post-structur­alism, deconstructionism, etc., can all be related to Husserl's mainemphasis upon pure forms, absolute certainty, evidence of eidoi, etc.Had not, in the final account, his critique of reason in the hands of hisfollowers and others in contemporary philosophy led to disastrousaporias? But it also stimulated the determined countering of thetendencies which lead to the total decadence of our culture, by seekinga major way out of them in a new attempt at rethinking the startingpoint and the context of phenomenology precisely in the phenomenol­ogy oflife which takes all these aporias in its stride.Phenomenology appears to have laid bare the bone of contention to

be taken up by the main debates in the decadent philosophies of thepresent historical moment; it has brought forth the subjacent arteries ofissues denouncing the mystification or twist or biased approaches andsubsequent formulations. (They are led astray into dead-end streets orfloat upon spurious waves at the thinnest surfaces of this humanuniverse of discourse). The decisive issues thus brought forth byphenomenology such as objectivity/subjectivity, individualism/intersub­jectivity, cognition of reality/transcendental constitution, idealism/real­ism, horizon, analysis and passive synthesis, life/reason, structure/content, intellect/passions, cognition/action, individual/community, etc.,constitute the centers of these streamlets and are reformulated accord­ing to the different starting points which the thinkers take, givingdynamism to the new debates in which these streamlets play.Consequently, immersed in a much vaster network of philosophical

discussions than the strictly phenomenologically encircled one, thepresent-day scholar in phenomenology is in his very own insights andformulations of questions influenced by the philosophies of todaythrough those of their aspects congenial to phenomenology and yetdifferent due to their own biases. Hence we witness even in strictlyHusserlian research and everywhere beyond it a wealth of new inge­nious twists and new intuitions with which the great issues of the coreof the phenomenological patrimony are adumbrated and enriched. Thealmost infinite proliferation of perspectives upon the great classicthemes is overwhelming and eludes any hasty categorization.When we propose the picture of the phenomenological spirit within

the entire world in which it is alive today, we cannot overlook the factthat when classic phenomenological ideas fall upon a ground quitedifferent culturally from the one in which they emerged, these ideasundergo specific variations and nuancements. Since it is the human

xviii ANNA-TERESA TYMIENIECKA

being within this life-world that is the center of the phenomenologicalconcern, different types and modalities of the life and societal worldalso play their role in giving a special "flavor" to the work of the spirit,special enrichment.This should not be understood, nevertheless, as indicating the

dispersal of phenomenology today. Besides being differentiated intofields of study, some new vigorous self-critical attempts, instructed bythe criticism of classic and post-classic phenomenological inquiry, bringforth a new interpretation of the phenomenological project in thereformulation of the philosophical enterprise as such in toto (unlike theattempts of those of the post-Husserlian period who took up somemajor innovative task but did not bring it to a conclusion that alonecould allow a judgement as to the validity of the total effect, e.g.,Ingarden, Merleau-Ponty, etc.). We find this reformulation within thepresent collection as a low but vigorous profile of this vast spread ofthought, making its way through it and taking on substance.Yet the most remarkable thing which I have been emphasizing over

and over again is that scholars from the West and East, from the Northand South, from all the continents, social milieux, and political tenden­cies meet at conferences of The World Phenomenology Institute andfind in our core themes, the phenomenology of human life and of thehuman condition a unique ground for intimate communication throughand beyond all the divergencies which they otherwise bear.In fact, after we see the wheel of critical reflection upon the various

phases of phenomenology turn its full cycle, we find at the poleopposite to Husserlian intentionality as the sovereign function of thehuman being, the passions; intentionality's constitutive/cognitive modeof operation is dethroned from its primordial position by the creativeact of man and his creative function; the intentional network of func­tioning is challenged by the creative orchestration; and the life-worldwith the absolutism of transcendental consciousness at its center is, inits position of pole of reference, dismissed to a secondary command,receding to the subjacent life with its pre-human, pre-subject/objectdivision, to the unity-of-everything-there-is-alive (Tymieniecka and thework of The World Phenomenology Institute expounded in the forumof the Analecta Husserliana series).4. But, as we all know, Husserl's intent that phenomenology should

function as a philosophia prima with respect to all fields of scholarship,all fields of knowledge, has been fully realized. Indeed, from itsincipient stage, phenomenology not only encompassed all the philo-

INTRODUCTION xix

sophical disciplines such as philosophy of mind, logic, aesthetics, ethics,ontology, anthropology, etc., but already was applied to jurisprudence(Reinach), social science and economics (Scheler), sociology (Schutz),religion (Otto), art (Geiger), biology (Conrad-Martius), etc. The earlyphenomenological schools of psychology and psychiatry have bur­geoned (Binswanger, Bujtendinck, Boss, Straus, Minkowski), and theirworks are classics by now. But this first wave of the influx of phe­nomenology into the sciences of man has intensified and spread in theperiod after the Second World War and now, toward the end of thecentury in its tenth decade, it can be said without exaggeration thatthere is hardly any human science or art theory which does not beardirectly or by proxy a mark of phenomenological inspiration in itsincredibly varied and rich spectrum of ideas, insights, bents, illumina­tions, etc.Seeking to systematise the fruitful exchange between phenomenology

and the sphere of knowledge, the sciences and the arts, our continuingresearch program carried out under the heading of "The Interdisci­plinary Phenomenology of Man and of the Human Condition" coordi­nated in the systematic progression the world-wide research into whatis called "phenomenological praxeology" by The World Phenomenol­ogy Institute for the past two decades. (cf. Analecta Husserliana, Vols.1-32 and Phenomenological Inquiry, Vols. 3-14). Phenomenologyhas proven itself to be enlightening beyond the strict humanities,extending to biology, all branches of sociology, technical studies andarchitecture, and the phenomenology of life has much to contribute toecology and environmental studies.

In summary, phenomenology in all its variants is present beyond thescholarly sphere in all realms of educated life, on every continent,wherever the local culture seeks some serious and innovative philo­sophical inspiration.We conclude this survey by stating that, after a long period of

reception, criticism, dissemination of germinal ideas, and progressivediscovery of deeply seated intuitions, phenomenology in the world ofscholarship, science, art, thought and culture has come of age. Whatwould be the most appropriate historical moment to bring it into theopen? This is the conclusion that the reader, aware of the philosophico­scientific and cultural sphere of the present-day wide, wide world, willcome to make after study of our four volumes.

ROBERT WISE AND JUAN CARLOS COUCEIRO BUENO

PHENOMENOLOGY IN THE WORLD FIFTY YEARS

AFTER THE DEATH OF EDMUND HUSSERL

A Report

In the year 1988 several centers dedicated to phenomenology andfaithful to its principal founder celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of hisdeath. Moreover, within this commemorative framework some eventsthat took place were of a nature to allow us to draw a balance sheet onphenomenology in its main manifestations worldwide. Indeed, we maysay that all seems to have conspired so that the enormous spreadof phenomenology within the world came to light. It seems also toinaugurate a new epoch for phenomenology-in-progress given thevigorous interest of a new generation, an epoch which, while keeping tothe main classical areas of interest, is ready to advance philosophicalinvestigation into new ranges. This new epoch promises to be charac­terized by a striking adumbration and refinement of the formulations ofthe issues advanced in phenomenological investigation as it has beenpracticed within this half-century.This last phenomenon seems to be, at least partially but nonetheless

significantly, caused by the development of a new stage of publicationof the posthumous work of Edmund Husserl.And so, we review the various commemorative events starting with

the early spring symposium of the Simon Silverman PhenomenologyCenter at Duquesne University. Its focal point consisted in Prof. S.IJseling's (KU., Leuven) reminiscences on the history of the Husserlmanuscripts salvaged by our unforgettable Fr. H. Van Breda at theHusserl Archives in Louvain. Then came the symposium in April at theHusserl Archives in Freiburg i. B. with lectures by E. Stroker, K Rank,and B. Waldenfels. Our attention was attracted next by the internationalsymposium at Louvain, September 21-24, under the title: "Husserl­Ausgabe und Husserl-Forschung," which proposed to "investigate howthe recent editorial research of Husserl's Nachlass has contributed to amore precise understanding of his philosophy." Topics and speakerswere: "Heimwelt-Fremdwelt-die eine Welt," K Held (Wuppertal);"Husserls fruhe Raum-Probleme," M. Sommer (Munster); "Husserl onLogic," J. N. Mohanty (Philadelphia); "Objektivierende und nicht-

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xxn R. WISE AND J. C. COUCEIRO BUENO

objektivier-ende Akte," U. Melle (Leuven), "Was bedeuten uns nochachtzigjiihrige Gottinger Vorlesungen zur Einleitung in die Logik undEr-kenntnistheorie?" R. Boehm (Ghent); "Husserls Begriff des Noema,"R. Bernet (Leuven): "Recit de la Duree et Discontinuite de l'Apparaitre,"R. Duval (Strasbourg); "Retlexions sur la cinquieme Meditation Car­tesienne," M. Henry (Montpellier); "I, We and God," J. Hart (Bloom­ington); "Monadologie transcendantale et temporalisation," M. Richir(Brussels); "Displacement and Identity," R. Sokolowski (Washington). Itwill be interesting to read their papers and see the way in which theyfulfilled their assigned roles.However, the most spectacular event bringing phenomenology into

the limelight on the world stage occurred in two separate occasions.The first stage was offered by the XVIII World Congress of Philosophyon August 21-27,1988 at Brighton, England, a congress organized bythe International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP) every fiveyears.Although phenomenology is always represented at this event by

individual presentations, in this year's gathering there were two specialoccasions at which the fiftieth anniversary of Husserl's death wasappropriately observed. There was the official Colloquium organized bythe program committee of the congress on the theme: Husserl afterFifty Years. Then, there was the official Round Table organized byAnna-Teresa Tymieniecka on behalf of The World Institute for Ad­vanced Phenomenological Research and Learning on the theme: TheLegacy of Edmund Husserl and Contemporary Phenomenology. In theColloquium, whose participants were Nelli Motroshilova, Dag F0lles­dal, and Roberto Walton, the emphasis was upon the classical issues ofHusserl's thought. N. Motroshilova treated the much debated issue ofphenomenology and the natural sciences; D. F0llesdal discussed thetheory of the noema; and R. Walton brought a new element to theinterpretation of Husserl, one inspired by Merleau-Ponty. It becameapparent that the classical Husserlian problems always enjoy theattention of scholars. The Round Table developed as a continuation ofthe Colloquium. Husserl's legacy in contemporary phenomenology wasits focus. A-T. Tymieniecka introduced the subject by reviewing thevarious states of Husserl's research in the period after the SecondWorld War which paralleled those of Husserl's own development andcoincided with the posthumous publication of his work. This develop­ment went "from the universal to the concrete," that is, from the

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scrutiny of the universal forms of transcendental constitution in itsobjectifying "thematizing" and "predicating" function to the plunge intothe life-world and the pre-predicative realm. From this backgroundemerged the contemporary scene: the seminal religious/ethical thoughtof E. Levinas (with its offspring of "dialogical philosophy," etc.) - whowas expected to speak for himself but could not make it to Brighton ­the later hermeneutics of P. Ricoeur, and the "deconstruction" of J.Derrida. In radical contrast, Tymieniecka in her own lecture claimed anurgent need to take up again Husserl's concern with the validity ofreason and proposed her phenomenology of life as a ground for theundertaking of a new critique of reason.In turn, in Angela Ales Bello's paper, the relativistic tendencies of

contemporary hermeneutics were countered by an "excavation" ofelements present in Husserl's own thought to accomplish a phenomeno­logical "archeology of culture." In the line of cultural history, ErnestoMayz Vallenilla detailed the origins of phenomenology in LatinAmerica, a quarter of the globe in which phenomenology has longflourished with very little being known about it elsewhere.New perspectives in phenomenology were emphasized in two other

programs presented at the Brighton world forum. The World Institutefor Advanced Phenomenological Research and Learning held a sympo­sium - as it always does at the FISP world congresses - this onepresenting in two-sessions the new field of phenomenological research:the phenomenology of life. Appropriately, A-T. Tymieniecka openedthe symposium with a lecture in which she sketched the basic ideas ofher phenomenology of life and of the human condition, which is theleitmotif of the Institute's programs, which are inspired by her innova­tive conception of the human condition-within-the-unity-of-everything­there-is-alive, a conception that counters the isolationistic anthropo­centrism of classical and current anthropologies. Unwarranted anthro­pocentrism in current anthropologies was also criticized by Y. Park,while R. Walton presented an enlarged perspective upon man's "primal"involvement with nature from within Husserl's phenomenology thattook inspiration from the most recently published posthumous frag­ments. J. Iribarne raised the issues of the individual human life andman's creative powers. L. Grunberg treated the human condition in theperspective of axiology. The symposium was concluded by an extensivediscussion by M. R. Barral of Tyrnieniecka's latest treatise, Logos andLife: Creative Experience and the Critique of Reason, in which she

xxiv R. WISE AND J. C. COUCEIRO BUENO

stressed the striking role which Tymieniecka attributes to "ImaginatioCreatrix" in the emergence of the "human significance of life."The second extensive phenomenology program at the Brighton

congress was held by The International Society of Phenomenology andLiterature, a research organ of The World Phenomenology Instituteunder the presidency of Marlies Kronegger. This program brought tolight the innovative expansion of phenomenology into singular fields ofscholarship - in this case, into literary theorylinterpretation, aesthetics,and the fine arts - a direction promoted by The World Phenomenol­ogy Institute. At a two session symposium, as well as at an officialcongress Round Table, the topic was: The Philosophical Vocation ofLiterature - Creative Imagination in Man's Self-Interpretation-in­Existence. After M. Kronegger's address and A-T. Tymieniecka's key­note lecture, "Vindicating the Life-Significance of Literature," JadwigaSmith developed the theme in the light of Tymieniecka's aesthetics/metaphysics in a call for reapprehending the importance of sublimepassions in literary interpretation as she expounded on Longinus' trea­tise "On the Sublime," a work so long overshadowed by Aristotelianformal/rational aesthetics. Nadia Delle Site presented Tymieniecka'santhropologico-metaphysical conception of "man's self-interpretation­in-existence" as the leitmotif of the search for the origins of life­significance.The lectures which followed in the order here given show the

freshness and variety of the approaches to literature which draw onphenomenology: S. Ray, "Tagorean Interpretation of 'Ami': Man's Self­Esteem"; P. Morgan, "Philosophical Filaments in English Texts fromWordsworth's Prelude to Pound's Cantos"; S. Tanner, "Through Terrorin Love and Beauty! Milton, Kierkegaard, and Ontological Individ­ualism"; C. Balzer, "Creative Imagination and Dream"; M. Sancipriano,"Le langage de la creation estMtique dans la pMnomenologie"; J.Airaudi and Mu-Yunling, '''Trying' and 'Saying': The Link betweenWang Yang-Ming-Ming's Moral Philosophy and Western LiteraryAesthetics"; R. Kieffer, "The Moral Philosophy in the Novels of theRussian Writer Veniamin Kaverin"; H. Charney, "Narrative Time asInterpretation of Human Existence: 'Valence' in the Present of TheAmbassadors"; and, F. Ravaux, "Proust and the Creative Imagination."Although these events were not as well attended as The World

Phenomenology Institute's events at past FISP world congresses (atDusseldorf they drew some 300 participants), this may be attributed to

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the many opportunities philosophers now have to engage phenomenol­ogy as its influence is more and more diffused through the world. Asign of the recognition now given to phenomenology, and given as wellto the work of the Institute, was the FISP assembly of societies' electionof Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, the representative of The World Phe­nomenology Institute, as one of the thirty members of the FISP steeringcommittee.But the crowning point of this year's events, the one which demon­

strated Husserl's ramified influence today upon not only Occidental butalso all other cultures, was THE FIRST WORLD CONGRESS OFPHENOMENOLOGY in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, September25-0ctober 1, 1988 organized by The World Institute for AdvancedPhenomenological Research and Learning with the collaboration ofThe Department of Philosophy and Social Anthropology of the Univer­sity of Santiago. The Institute was naturally positioned to issue the callfor this first world gathering of phenomenologically oriented scholars.The chosen theme properly indicated the aim, that is, the intentionof assessing the situation of phenomenology throughout the world:"Edmund Husserl's Legacy and Contemporary Phenomenology."Although this was the same theme as that of the Round Table at

Brighton, the theme of the Congress, as envisaged by the programchair, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, had a different orientation. While atthe Round Table the program was designed to bring to a general forumthe main innovative lines of present-day phenomenology, the theme ofthe First World Congress of Phenomenology was meant to include inall its vastness all serious phenomenological work in whatever persua­sion and field of scholarship. It was expected that this theme wouldelicit response not only from those doing historical Husserl researchbut also from those pursuing all of the avenues opened by Husserlwhether in phenomenological philosophy or in other fields of scholar­ship. To facilitate for scholars the differentiation of topics within thewealth of options, there were proposed, as is usually done at theinternational congresses of The World Phenomenology Institute, thefour general lines of research that underlie the programs of the Instituteand its affiliated societies, The International Husserl and Phenomeno­logical Research Society, The International Society for Phenomenologyand the Human Sciences, and The International Society of Phenome­nology and Literature. These four lines are: 1) the present state ofresearch dedicated to Husserl's thought; 2) Husserl's bequest to current

XXVI R. WISE AND 1. C. COUCEIRO BUENO

phenomenology; 3) the fulfillment of Husserl's main concerns andphilosophical ideals in the leading tendencies of contemporary phe­nomenology; and finally, 4) phenomenology in different branches ofknowledge (sociology, anthropology, psychology, psychiatry, literarycriticism, aesthetics, etc.).Professor Tymieniecka as president of The World Phenomenology

Institute issued invitations to all phenomenology centers, groups, andsocieties in the world to participate in the organization of the congress,as well as invitations to individual specialists to help with the organiza­tion of its program. With this initiative, the Institute fulfilled a destinyby undertaking phenomenology's first world-wide event.It happens that the year 1988 finds the work of this world-wide

movement in phenomenological research on the threshhold of its thirddecade for it was launched twenty years ago by Prof. Tymieniecka, incooperation with Mary Rose Barral, Dallas Laskey, and Erling Eng, onthe occasion of the First International Phenomenology Congress, whichshe organized at the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario inApril of 1969. The International Husserl and Phenomenological Re­search Society then launched was soon flanked by its sisters, TheInternational Society of Phenomenology and Literature and The Inter­national Society for Phenomenology and the Human Sciences (foundedby Prof. Tymieniecka and close collaborators in 1974 and 1976respectively), and these societies have complemented each other as theyhave carried out the phenomenological research projected by andentrusted to them by Tymieniecka for the renewal of phenomenologyas a "mathesis universalis." This movement is inspired by the greatintuitions of Husserl but gives them a novel interpretation in responseto a new cultural situation. Its rapidly growing number of adherentswere in 1975 incorporated within The World Institute for AdvancedPhenomenological Research and Learning which Prof. Tymienieckafounded in order to give the member societies' integrated programs anacademic pied a terre. While each member scholar carries on a line ofresearch within a chosen field of inquiry as an individual researcherwith personal lights and originality, all contribute to the development ofa phenomenological praxiology, that is, to an in-depth phenomeno­logical dialogue which refers to the primogenital philosophical issueswhich lie at the bottom of their singular inquiries, namely, questionsconcerning the human being, his life-course within the circumambiantlife-system, and, ultimately, the Human Condition.

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The World Phenomenology Institute with its international societieshas during these almost twenty years carried on this vast and yetintegrated program through research seminars and symposia on itspremises and through conferences and congresses in numerous coun­tries on all continents. It is enough to mention that there are groups ofcollaborators of the Institute in thirty-five countries. Since the researchwork of this world-wide scholarly network is regularly published in thebook series which Prof. Tymieniecka in 1968 launched for this pur­pose, namely, Analecta Husserliana, The Yearbook of Phenomeno­logical Research and in Phenomenological Inquiry (formerly Phenome­nology Information Bulletin and now in its fifteenth year), the journalpublished and distributed around the globe by the Institute, we may saythat the consistency and continuity of the progress that unfolds itsoriginal ideas makes it a sort of continuing world-wide seminar, a farflung open-ended community of scholars.Thus, having spanned the globe, it was a logical step for the Institute

to inaugurate its twentieth anniversary by convening the first WorldCongress of Phenomenology. This call proved to be auspicious; itreached not only hundreds of the dispersed sympathizers and sup­porters of the Institute's work, but, it was enthusiastically responded toby many others. The call was addressed to world scholars of phe­nomenology at large, and it was heard. In her presidency of theScientific Committee, Prof. Tymieniecka was assisted in her programbuilding by the following scholars: Argentina: Carmen Balzer, Hum­berto Pineiro, A. Presas; Australia: David Doyle; Belgium: RudolfBoehm; Bolivia: R. Carrasco de Vega; Brazil: Creuza Capalbo; Bul­garia: E. Panova; Canada: Dallas Laskey; China: You Zheng Li, ChengChung-Ying; Chile: Luis Flores; Czechoslovakia: Josef Sivak, EvaSyristova; Denmark: Knut Hanneborg; Egypt: H. Hanafi, Amirah H.Matar; England: Wolfe Mays; France: J. Derrida, A. Kelkel, F. Laruelle,E. Levinas, P. Ricoeur; Germany: Lothar Eley, Hubertus Tellenbach,Bernhard Waldenfels; Greece: T. Valalas; Holland: e. van Peursen, S.Strasser; Hungary: Mihaly Vajda; Ireland: R. Kearney; Israel: E.Schmueli, Z. Bar-On; Italy: A. Ales Bello, B. Callieri, D. Formaggio, M.Sancipriano, P. Valori, S. Zecchi; Japan: Hirotaka Tatematsu; Norway:Arnes Asbj0rn; Peru: E. Albizu, L. Alvarez Calderon; Poland: B.Hotyst, J. Bukowski, J. Swiecimski; Romania: L. Grunberg; Switzerland:J. Claude Piguet; USSR: Nelli Motroshilova; USA: J. Kockelmans, R.Cobb-Stevens, F. Martinez Bonati, T. Rockmore, e.O. Schrag, Kurt

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Wolff; Venezuela: E. Mayz Vallenilla; Yugoslavia: Yugoslav Vlaisavl­jevic.These placed announcements of the Congress in their pertinent

national periodicals, contacted scholars, etc. The enthusiasm for theenterprise was such that the Congress became a truly grand occasion:more than 160 lectures and two round table discussions were attendedby more than 500 registered participants. It has to be pointed out thatall participants, speakers included, made their way to Santiago fromaround the globe at their own expense. Hopes of receiving travelsubsidies faltered, to the Institute's greatest regret; there were numerouscolleagues who having sent papers had to renounce coming to Santiagofor material reasons. We will now proceed according to order ofimportance, and after having first discussed the scholarly program, wewill not forget to mention duly those who worked on the logistics of theconference.Following the custom at the Institute's international conferences, the

Congress was opened by a reception given for the participants by TheWorld Phenomenology Institute at which the participants were wel­comed by Prof. F. Montero Moliner, one of the presidents of theOrganizing Committee, and by Prof. Tymieniecka, program chairman,who stressed the aims and work of the Institute and the uniqueness ofthe historical moment. The scholarly program began with the usualInaugural Session the next morning with four keynote lectures that gavea preview of the four main themes which have emerged as the mainpoints of preoccupation in the cultural life of the present era and towhich the varied lectures of the conference ultimately referred.(1) As Ortega y Gasset foretold, we have reached in our culture a

"crisis of reason" or of "rationality." The note with which Prof.Tymieniecka chose to open the philosophical soundings of the pre­occupations of our lived culture struck at the heart of the matter: Afterdiscussing the urgent need to rethink the post-Cartesian approach torationality and the conditions of its crisis, she proposed a new critiqueof reason, one that is grounded in the new, all-encompassing phe­nomenology of life that she has been unfolding along with the programsof The World Phenomenology Institute and that has just been pre­sented in her newly published book, Logos and Life: Creative Experi­ence and the Critique of Reason (Dordrech: Kluwer, 1988). Thiscritique, faithful to the deepest intuitions of Husserl, prompts phe­nomenology to lay hold of the helm which guides civilization in its

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rapid course: science and culture. There was a preoccupation withrationality throughout the conference.(II) Prof. F. Montero Moliner of the University of Valencia, author

of the recently published impressive work, Retorno a la fenomenologia(Barcelona: Editorial Anthropos, 1987), raised the so central questionof subjectivity in a renewed fashion. In fact, the "structure of subjec­tivity" which he proposed extends over the lived body to the otherperson and the world. It prefigures the second of the major concerns ofthe most recent phenomenological thought that emerged in the confer­ence: that the question is no longer that of an isolated subject, but ofsubjectivity/intersubjectivity, of the life-world.(III) Undoubtedly, the transcendental phenomenology of Husserl

with its expansion into the life-world as it has dealt with the humanbeing and human person has probed ever further into its recesses, andyet it is only in the last decade that scholars who had hitherto confinedthemselves to the scrutiny of specific sectors of Husserl's thoughtdiscovered the main overall concern with man. Prof. Arion Kelkel ofthe University of Paris, Vincennes, addressed one of the crucial issuesof our time, the issue of man, in his lecture, "The AnthropologicalVocation of Phenomenology."(IV) To Prof. Lothar Eley, University of Cologne, the editor of

Husserl's posthumously published works in mathematics at the LouvainArchives in the years in which Hermann Leo Van Breda was itsdirector, we owe the raising of the issues of the significance oftechnology for our societal/cultural world, issues already considered byHusserl but now in need of radical rethinking in the face of theenormous progress of technology. These issues appear and reappearjust below the surface of many questions concerning the phenomenol­ogy of culture, society, and historicity.(V) To the keynote addresses must be added the lecture of Prof. F.

Laruelle of the University of Paris, Nanterre, who at the end of the nextsession raised the crucial issue of the Philosophical Decision which liesat the bottom of the phenomenological approach as such.The 150 lectures which followed fell basically into three main

sections: Section A dealt with "Husserl Research"; Section B encom­passed the main issues related to intersubjectivity, to the ethical,societal dimension; Section C treated aesthetics, and the philosophy ofexistence.Section A was devoted throughout to Husserl research, the topics of

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its four sessions being Husserl and the History of Philosophy, Husserl'sInfluence on Other Philosophers, Husserl and Other Phenomenologists,and lastly, Husserlian Phenomenology in Postmodernity. This sectionwas the backbone of the Congress. Section B had a deeply interdisci­plinary character topics taken up being: Intersubjectivity, Ethics and theSocial Dimension; Phenomenology in Scientific Praxis; Phenomenologyand the Human Sciences; and Perspectives in PhenomenologicalAnthropology. Section C covered Phenomenological and MetaphysicalIssues of Aesthetics; Phenomenology and the Philosophy of Existence;Teleology, History, and Culture; Phenomenology and the Origin ofLanguage; and lastly, Consciousness, Action, and Reality.It is impossible to do justice in these few lines to the wealth of subtle

nuances, fascinating new insights, conceptions, views, approaches, andperspectives which emerged in particular lectures and discussionswithin each session with its specific topic. For the present we willpinpoint the way in which the four above-mentioned newly developedapproaches to the issues of classical phenomenology pervade in one oranother way the field as it emerged at the First World Congress.To begin with, the question of subjectivity which has been central to

the post-war period of phenomenology, either in the scrutinizing ofHusserl's own writings or in the Merleau-Pontyean opposition to its"isolationism," appears to have been truly transformed by a subjective/intersubjective/societal approach which refers to the most recentlypublished of Husserl's notes and fragments as well as to novel philo­sophical ideas (all matters taken up by Waldenfels, Iribarne, Gourko,Balzer, Delle Site, Lerin Riera). Furthermore there is an increasinglyextensive importing of phenomenological insights into the humansciences of sociology, psychology, anthropology, and psychiatry (Den­tone, Melich Sangra, Potrc, Guitterrez Pozo, Gordillo Alvarez-Valdes,etc.). And then, as has already been remarked in the account given ofthe Brighton Congress, there is a phenomenological impact on aesthe­tics that goes far beyond the first stage of phenomenological aestheticsinspired by Geiger, Ingarden, and following them, Dufrenne (Villanueva,Presas, Pastragus, Tawfik, Lorenz, Neira), although there is also furtherdevelopment of the Geiger-Ingarden inspiration (Asbjorn Aarnes,Osadnik, Swiecimski). There is also an innovative dialogue going on(which seems to have been revived ever since its promotion at a confer­ence organized by The World Phenomenology Institute at Sevilla in

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1986) between phenomenology and the Spanish philosophy of exis­tence (Raley, Pucci, Rizzacasa, etc).Turning to the central matter in a congress devoted to Husserl,

namely, that of Husserl Research, the variety of topics precludes asummary discussion, and, yet, there was, as observed by many partici­pants, considerable adumbration and refinement in the formulation andtreatment of the problems. Furthermore, the new differentiation ofproblems which can be traced to the expansion of the phenomeno­logical field over the last two decades, to many-sided influences fromindividual thinkers of different cultures, as well as to the alreadymentioned publication of Husserl's notes and fragments which hangingloose outside of any rigorous context have had a stimulating effect, hasexpanded the field of research that we now face, one which calls forcareful scrutiny and appreciation.In several sessions the flow of influences between Husserl's thought

and that of other philosophers or philosophies was discussed. Let usmention here especially the Round Table which took place under thedirection of Prof. Xavier San Martin in which Professors A. Ales Belloand R. Sweeney debated the validity of hermeneutics which waschallenged by Ales Bello's views on Husserl's own "archeology ofculture and history." Prof. M. Sanchez discussed phenomenology andThomism, advancing Aquinas just a few centuries by interpreting histhought in the light of the phenomenological life-world theory. StefanoZecchi detailed the disillusionment which Enzo Paci met in his attemptto integrate phenomenology and Marxism, a mix in which phenomenol­ogy was bound to lose its scientific claim. Therese Valalas comparedthe conceptions of teleology in Husserl and in other philosophies. F.Montero Moliner discussed profound affinities between phenomenol­ogy and the theory of mind of analytic philosophy.

It was, however, the critique of reason that insistently kept emergingat various junctures during the conference. At Session III of Section Ain a discussion of the topic, "The Crisis of Rationality in Our Times,"KatWeen Haney presented Husserl's proposal of a critique of reason,while Franco Bosio denounced contemporary irrationalism as a be­trayal of the inheritance of Husserlian thought. The theme was pickedup again at the section devoted to "Husserlian Phenomenology inPostmodernity" in a lecture given by Calvin O. Schrag who in raisingthe issue of rationalism in postmodernity offered an alternative to the

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rampant "deconstructionisms" that reject all rationality in a salvaging ofthe ordering to be found at the "mundane" level of life; K. Gorniak'slecture then brought out how Tymieniecka's phenomenology of life iscongruent with the new inquiry into the nature of ordering and estab­lishes the origin of rationalities within the unfolding of the individuallife. These almost complementary views sparked a lively debate.This debate prepared the proper climate for the Round Table which

followed it on the topic: "The Theme of Our Times: The Critique ofReason," under the chairmanship of Prof. Ales Bello. While ProfessorsArion Kelkel, Franco Bosio, and Pierre Million (who in his precedinglecture had interpreted the latest thinking of Ricoeur as an answer tothe crisis of rationality) discussed the vicissitudes of rationality and thenear universal disclaiming of its classical pretensions, K. Haney reiter­ated Husserl's absolutistic position, whereas Mary Rose Barral, synthe­sizing her previously given lecture on Tymieniecka's thought, presenteda phenomenology that sees creative experience as the Archimedeanpoint from which to remap the philosophical field (the point fromwhich Tymieniecka in her last three works unfolds a critique of reasonfor the postmodern era).It was particularly rewarding for The World Phenomenology Insti­

tute to welcome to the Congress about forty of its Italian collaborators,and a special session in the Italian language, "Phenomenology in Italy,"was organized under the presidency of Prof. Lorenzo Calvi, at whichsession dialogue with several of the Institute's long-time participantswas resumed, among them, A. Salza, A. Rigobello, E. Baccarini, and S.Zecchi.This great anniversary event would not have been complete without

hearing from the young incoming generation; the section devoted to"Young Philosophers" was greatly appreciated for its scholarly merit aswell as for its vivid and lively exchanges.There were many more topics and perspectives treated in the course

of the Congress than are presented here in this summary of its mostlively and characteristic dialogues. The phenomenology of language, ofreligion, logic, constitution, etc. competed for attention.At the last session of the conference, the Schrag-Tymieniecka debate

was picked up again by Prof. Jose Luis Lopez y Lopez in his lecture"La razon 'caleidoscopica'," which offered several points for the resolu­tion of the debate.Concluding the scholarly program, Professor Tymieniecka, as is her

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custom as program chairman, surveyed the display of research, reflec­tion, and intuition and compared it to a musical symphony, whichalthough finished in its actual performance yet resounds for a long timein memory and leaves lasting traces in one's experiential system in theform of recurring melodies and themes.

It is the vocation of philosophy to not fall into the abyss of uncer­tainty, relativism, and the selling short of reason, but to, on the con­trary, be dedicated to its primogenital vocation to enlighten humanityand to restore the philosophical faith of man within the flexible, change­able, and yet recurrent order within the human universe and life, towhich order the human being may refer for orientation and guidance.The vocation which Tymieniecka upheld is made even more clear bythe piurivocal concerns of current phenomenological thinking.This claim was echoed by Prof. C. A. Balinas in a newspaper article

in Correo Gallego which discussed the results of the Congress and itssignificance for our culture.The Congress was concluded by a Round Table on "Phenomenology

in Spain."The fact that this extraordinary gathering took place in Santiago de

Compostela, the beautiful pilgrimage city whose splendors are rightlyconsidered to be part of the patrimony of all mankind, is due to thegenerosity of the University of Santiago de Compostela. The WorldPhenomenology Institute had already found serious in-depth collabora­tors among Spanish scholars. As a matter of fact, it had contributed tothe foundation of The Spanish Phenomenological Research Center(Centro Espagnol de Investigaciones Fenomenologicas) formed inMadrid in 1983 by Professors Adolfo Arias Munoz, Isidro GomezRomero, Isabel Gutierrez Zuloaga, Oswaldo Marquez Garcia, AntonioMillan Puelles, and others, and affiliated with the Institute. The Instituteparticipated in the First National Congress of Phenomenology (ICongreso Nacional de Fenomenologia) which took place in Madrid, 3December, 1983. Then in 1986 the Institute held Spain's first Inter­national Phenomenology Congress, an event sponsored by the Univer­sity of Sevilla and organized by Dean Jose Luis Lopez y Lopez andProfessors Jose Villalobos, Avelina Cecilia Lafuente, Cesar MorenoMarquez, and many others. It was during discussions of the possibilityof organizing in Santiago the Institute's XXIIIrd International Phe­nomenology Congress (discussions that were begun due to the initiativeof Professor Nel Rodriguez Rial of the University of Santiago and

xxxiv R. WISE AND J. C. COUCEIRO BUENO

sustained by his enthusiasm) that the Rector of the University ofSantiago made an uncommonly generous offer of financial support.Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka, president of The World PhenomenologyInstitute, then decided to take this opportunity to realize a project-in­waiting by making this gathering a true "World Congress." The timewas at last ripe. The time and occasion proved to be auspicious due tothe very nature of the gathering, its substance, and its form.To turn to the form, that is, to the logistics, the marvelously smooth

running of the Congress (despite its dimensions and five languages),and its intimate, friendly atmosphere, were due to the excellent work ofthe local organizing committee (Comite Organizador) presided over byProfessors F. Montero Moliner (Valencia) and Carlos A. Baliiias,chairman of the Department of Philosophy of the University ofSantiago. They were flanked by the vice-president, Xavier San Martin(Madrid) and the secretariat of Maria Luz Pintos Peiiaranda, ManuelRiobo Gonzalez, and Nel Rodriguez Rial, all of the University ofSantiago. It was through the hard work of this dedicated few, assistedby several eager students, that publicity in Spain, the wonderful housingand meal arrangements at the university residences, and even simul­taneous translation were flawlessly arranged. The patronage of theregional governments, and area banks, along with that of the University,made it all possible. The larger Comite Organizador, composed ofrepresentatives from most Spanish universities also contributed bypromulgating the call for papers and receiving contributions fromSpanish scholars as well as advising on matters concerning the finalshaping of the program. Professors Angela Ales Bello, Mary RoseBarral, Julia Iribarne, Jorge Garcia Gomez, and Cesar Moreno Mar­quez, as well as the Institute's Assistant, Robert Wise, provided criticalhelp during the Congress. Our hosts in the persons of ProfessorsBaliiias, Riobo Gonzalez, Pintos Peiiaranda, and Rodriguez Rial were,again, most warm, but it is, above all, to the enthusiastic philosopherswho came from all around the world to share their work and ideas thatwe all - present or absent - owe the fact that this historic eventwhich marks the passing of one era and the beginning of another, THEFIRSTWORLD CONGRESS OF PHENOMENOLOGY, took place.All in all, this marvelous event appeared worthy to be dedicated to

Her Majesty, Sofia, Queen of Spain, and so Anna-Teresa Tymienieckaas president of The World Phenomenology Institute proffered her thehonorary presidency of the Congress. Her gracious acceptance of itcapped the event adding to its historical significance.

xxxv

THE FIRST WORLD CONGRESSOF PHENOMENOLOGY26 SEPTEMBER -1 OCTOBER. SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA (SPAIN)

«EDMUND HUSSERL'SLEGACY AND

CONTEMPORARYPHENOMENOLOGY»

1. The present state of research dedicatedto Husserls thought.

2. Husserls bequest to thepresent Phenomenology.3. The fulfilmentofHusserl's main concems andphilosophical

ideals in the most important tendencies of contemporaryPhenomenology.

4. Phenomenology in different branches of knowledge (Sociology,Anthropology, Psycology, Psychiatry, Literary Criticism, Aesthetics, Ethics, etc.).

SCIENTIFIC COIlMmEE

PROGRAM CHAJRMAN: Proless. Or. Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka.

MEMBERS: Atgen1ina.- Ca"""" Balzer' Humberto Piileiro • A. Presas;Austrafia.- David Doyle; 8efgium.- Rudoff Boehm; 8oIivia.- R. Carrascode Vega; Brazil.- Crouza Capalbo; Bu/gdria.- E. Panova; Canada.- DallasLaskey; China.- You Zheng Li • Cheng Chung·Ying; Chr7e.-Luis Flores;Czeritt:J6kMJIO- Josef Sivak • Eva SyrisI:rva; c:.mtarl<- KroI fWnelxllg;Egnt.-H. HanaII • AnitahH. Mala'; Enrjarf:I.- WDleMays; Fr.¥tCe.-J. De­n'da • A KeI<e1 • F.latueIe • E. Levi1as • P. AiooeI.r; Gennanr- WallerBiemel • Lolhar Eley • Hubertus Tellenbach • Bemhard Waldentels;Gn!ece- T. VaIaIas;_-C. vanPeusen ·S.S~asser;Ib'!PY.-Mihaly

Vajda; ~eland.- R. Keamey; Israel.- E. Schmueli • Z. Ba(01; haly.- A. AlesBeOo • B. Callicrj • Dino Formaggio • M. Sancipriano • P. Valori •S. Zecchi; Japan.- Hirolaka Talemalsu; Norway.- Ames Asbjorn;Peru.- E. Albizu • M.·t Alvarez CalderOn; Poland.- B. Ho~sl • J. Bu·kowski • J. Swiecimski; Romania.-l. Gruenberg; Switzerland.- J. Clau­de Piguel; U55R.- Nelli Molroshilova; U5A.- J. Kockelmans • R. Cobb·Stevens • F. Martinez Bonaffi • T. AockfT'()le • C. 0 SdYag • Kurt WoIIf;Venezuela.- E. Mayz Vallenilla; Yugoslavia.- Yugoslav vtaisavlevic.

ALL SCHOLARS working in Ihe field of Phenomenology are invited.

PAPERS are to be submined 10 the Program Chairman by July 15' 1988.They have 10 be accompanied by a publlshable English text, 10 be copy'righted tor publiClllion by Ihe ANALECTA HUSSEALIANA book series(Kluwer AClldemic Pub.).

FOR REGISTRATION: Please for your convenience and ours, we encou­rage you to make reservations in advance. Ihrough the olficialtravellingagency 01 the Congress .. Viaxes Zonda S.A... ,wich will inlOfm you aboutreservations. railway I airplain tickets and any olher data related 10 theCongress thai you may requesl.

ORGANIZING COllllmEE

Presidents: Fernando Montero Moliner· Carlos A. Salinas Femandez.

Viceplesidenl: Xavier San Martin.Members: Pilar AtIegue (Pontevedra) •Jose luis Barreiro (Santiago) •Avelina Cecilia laluenle (Sevilla) • Pedro Cerezo Gal~n (Granada) •Jose luis Gonzalez (Sanliago) • Vicente Martinez GuzmAn (Valencia) •Jacobo Muooz (Camplutense de Madrid) • Aicardo Ortiz de Urbina(VaRadolid) • Palricio Penalver (Murda)· Juan Luis PWllos (Santiago) •Mercedes Torrevejano (Santiago) • Juan Vazquez (San~ago) • DarloVillanueva (Sanliago).

General SeaetaJY:Mar/Luz Pinlos Penaranda • Manuel Ai0b6 Gonzillez• Nel Rodriguez Rial

ORGANIZERS

The World Insmute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and learning(Belmon', U.s.A.) with the collaboration 01 The Philosophy and SocialAnthropology Department (Universilyol Sanliagode Compostela. SPAtN).

REGISTRATION FEE: US $ 85: Members 01 the "Worid PhenomenoktgyInstitute's Societies·: US S75.

PAYMENT: MONEY OADER (Remit to: General Secrelary 01 the FirslPhenomenology Congress. Facultad de FiJosofia y Ciencias de la Edu­caciOn. Campus Universitario. Santiago de Composlela. SPAIN.BANKER'S OADEA to Currenl Account N. 304 :lOO 011006·8 01 "CAlMGALICIA". Ofodna Priropal de Sanliago de Compostela. d Monlero Aios, 1.SPAIN.

LANGUAGES OF THE CONGRESS: SpaIish. Engish. Frerch and Gem1M.

xxxvi

The World Institute for Advanced Phenomenological Research and learning

Weltinstltut fiir Fortgeschrlttene Phanomenologlsche Forschung und Blldung

Anuncla

PRIMER CONGRESO MUNDIAL DE FENOMENOLOGIAQue fendro lugor en:

Santiago de Composlela, Espana.• Del 25 01 30 de sepfiembre de 1966

y versaro sabre el lema

LA FENOMENOLOGIA EN El QUINCUAGESIMO ANIVERSARIO DE LA MUERTE DE HUSSERLOlros lemas:

-La Fllosofia Fenomonologlca Con'empor6nea y IQslntulelones Orlglnol•• de Husserl.-los Problemos Fundamentales dele Investlgacl6n Fenomenol6glca de hoy a 10 luz

de los prlnelplos y oblellvos de Husserl.-La Influenela de 10 Fenomenologio de Husserl en las Cienelos Humanas y olros campos. elc.

EL COMITE CONSUmVO:

BoJo 10 presldencia de 10 Prof. Oro.....T. lymlenleeko

Consisfiro de los s;guienles cofedrolicos yesludiosos:

Wolf., Ileme'lothoffl-VIAlemonloJ

Ca,.".nloll.fH."".I,oA. "_'a'fA'Oe"lInol

O<rvld Dayl_{Ausholiol

lIudollloehm166191COJ

C,eulo Copalbo knut Mann.bo'9 I. Keolney Al'n"AsbJOfn Neill MotrOtllllO¥O18rosil) IDinomQfcol tlrlondol [NOluegoJ (VRSSI

H. Monon I. Shmutlll 1.A1blluJ.l(ochelmon.

Dollo'lo,key R. Cobb·S......".{Conadol

Aml'oh H. Mota, 1.101"0,. !peruj f.Roc:lcmor.{Egiplol {IS'Of:11 C.O.Sch,og

Youlh.ng U A. AI., leila I. Molyll l(uffWot"

Cheng Chung·Ylttg 1.\101010' I.CoU;.,1 J.lulcOWlkl {USA)

{Chlnol ,Gr('ciOI Dina form0G'glo lPoloniOl I. MayJ Voltenmo

C. Von Peu"."M. Sonclpllono (Ven('lUnlol

lull flo'•• S.SI'o...''.Yolo,1 l.O'....nberg

,Chilol IHOlondalS.l.cchl IRurnonia) Yugo,lavvtolurvlevle,1101'01 {yugoslavlal

JoI.f Sivok H.ml W1oJdo HI'olcrlcQ Tol_mcrl,u J. Clcrud. Plgu_t 1'10 Sy,I,iovoICt,ecoslOVOQuJol (HungriOI {Jop6nl {Suizol [nl.eol.os

EL COMlrE ORGANIZADOR:

Baja la presidencia del Prof. Or. Fernando Monlero Mollnor. Universidad de Valencia.

Consistir6 de los siguientes cotedr6ticos:

Codo. A. lallnOIUoly. de Santiago

Jo.' lull 10".110Decono. Unlv. do Sonliogo

Oo'lovmon....voUnly de Sonllogo

Xcrvl., Son MattlnUniv. Nocionol 0 DisloncioIMadrldl

JoeoboMuflolUniy Aul6noma de Madrid

'-d'o ee'.lo CollrnUnl". de Granado

'ol,klo Pei\olvoe'Unly. de Murc,a

Vlc.nl. OulmlrnUnly. de Murcia

Juan lui, 'lnloUnl". de Sanliago

......'Ino C.cllio lON_i'll.Ul"IiydeSevi1lo

Juan VOlqu_1Uni". de Soniiogo

Mo'Jo lUI "nlollrniv. de Sonliogo

'Ileardo Ortll de U,blnoVniv. de Vollodolid

Jo" lui' 00nJ6kt,Uniy de Sontiago

Man....1RloboUniy de 50nlioOo

He' Rod'9M1 RialSecrelOfio del COmi'e

LA DIRECTORA DEL PROGRAMA:

Prof. Ora. A.T. TymlenleekaInslilufo Mundiol do Fenomenologio Belmont, MA.. USA

TheopeningsessionoftheCongress.Sitting:Jean-ClaudePiguet,AngelaAlesBello,Anna-TeresaTymieniecka,CarlosA.

Balifias,FernandoMonteroMoliner,MaryRoseBarral,XavierSanMartin.

~:

xxxviii

TwooldfriendsofRomanIngarden,ArneAsbjl'lrnandAnna-TeresaTymienieckameetingattheSession

inPontevedra.

x x x ;;;"