the union in peril (ch 10 s 2)
TRANSCRIPT
The Union in PerilThe Union in Peril
CHAPTER 10CHAPTER 10
Zachary Zachary TaylorTaylor
1212thth President President
Compromise of 1850
California as free California as free statestate
District of Columbia District of Columbia will abolish slave will abolish slave tradetrade
Need Fugitive Need Fugitive Slave ActSlave Act
Southwestern Southwestern territory open for territory open for slaveryslavery Decision under Decision under
popular sovereignty (residents vote on (residents vote on status of territory)status of territory)
Henry Clay Proposed:
Millard FillmoreMillard Fillmore1313thth president president
Summer of 1850 Taylor died Congress accepted all terms of the
compromise Able to avert split
Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law Any black caught will
stand before a commissioner not a judge
commissioner receive $10 for capturing and only $5 for freeing
requires all citizens to assist in capturing fugitive slaves
anyone helping slaves escape will be fine $1000 or 6 months jail
slaves escaped long time can be captured
free slaves can be easily considered fugitive
Underground RailroadUnderground Railroad network of men and network of men and
women that helped slaves women that helped slaves escape from South to escape from South to NorthNorth
slaves- passengers backcountry roads- tracks farm wagons- trains shelter- station
Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman escaped slave (Black escaped slave (Black
Moses)Moses) risked life to help others to risked life to help others to
escapeescape returned to save family $40,000 reward for her
capture
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Wrote Uncle Tom’s Wrote Uncle Tom’s CabinCabin
more than a million in copies/some turned it into a play
Depicted haunted scenes and Depicted haunted scenes and images of slaves treatments; images of slaves treatments;
increase sectional tensionincrease sectional tension
1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection
Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil
Election of 1852Election of 1852 Franklin PierceFranklin Pierce
14th President14th President
The birth of Republican The birth of Republican Party 1854Party 1854
Wanted slavery out Wanted slavery out of territoriesof territories
Diverse group with Diverse group with wide range of opinion wide range of opinion (Whigs, Free Soiler)(Whigs, Free Soiler)
From conservative to From conservative to radical abolitionistradical abolitionist
The “Know-Nothings”(Political party)
NativistsNativists Anti-CatholicsAnti-Catholics Anti-Anti-
immigrantsimmigrants
Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854
Sen. Douglas Introduce a bill to
organize Nebraska territory
propose to divide the territory repeal Missouri
Compromise applied popular
sovereignty
Battle for Battle for controlcontrol Missouri fear that slaves
would easily escape crossing the border
proslavery rushed to proslavery rushed to KansasKansas
Anti slavery rushed to Anti slavery rushed to Kansas- fear proslavery Kansas- fear proslavery will claim landwill claim land
thousands proslavery rushed to Kansas to vote illegally winning a landslide
the antislavery and the antislavery and proslavery formed proslavery formed their own governmenttheir own government
two government in the territory.
Bleeding Bleeding KansasKansas
Lawrence (city)-antislavery town proslavery looted and burned
houses/bldgs John Brown took vengeance
for Lawrence Killed 5 proslavery
Sen. Charles Sen. Charles Summer made Summer made speeches speeches denouncing denouncing violence in violence in KansasKansas
Sen. Preston Sen. Preston attacked attacked Summer with a Summer with a cane to his head cane to his head several times,several times,
Summer suffered brain damage but Preston was showered with cane (printed “hit him again””
Sen. Charles Sumner Congr. Preston Brooks
1856 Election1856 Election Free Soiler Party- Free Soiler Party-
oppose extension of oppose extension of slavery into territoriesslavery into territories
Know-Nothing PartyKnow-Nothing Party nativistnativist- favor native - favor native
born people over born people over immigrantsimmigrants
Birth of RepublicanBirth of Republican Whigs, Democrats and Whigs, Democrats and
Free Soiler joinedFree Soiler joined DemocratsDemocrats
supports popular supports popular sovereignty and Kansas-sovereignty and Kansas-Nebraska Act Nebraska Act
showed nation dividedshowed nation divided
1856 Election Results
James Buchanan
15th President
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 Scott- a slave Scott- a slave
taken a free state taken a free state then returned to then returned to Missouri (slave Missouri (slave state)state)
Suing for his Suing for his freedomfreedom
Does Scott has a right to sue?
is his residence in a free state made him free?
Court ruled “NO” to both Ruled: slaves have no Ruled: slaves have no
rights and can not rights and can not become a US citizen become a US citizen therefore cannot suetherefore cannot sue
55thth Amendment: no Amendment: no property (slaves) can be property (slaves) can be taken from their ownertaken from their owner
declare Missouri declare Missouri Compromise Compromise unconstitutional unconstitutional
Supreme Court DecisionSupreme Court DecisionScott, you have no right
to sue. You’re not a human being. You are a
property
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates, 1858
Democrat Sen. Stephen Douglas “Little Giant”
Defended popular sovereignty
Republican Abraham Lincoln -
lawyer “Honest Abe”
Argued for slavery to cease
John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry,
1859 led slaves in led slaves in uprisinguprising With 16 men marched to
federal arsenal and seized its weapons and waited for slaves to rise in rebellion
mistakes: few slaves lived in area- others does not know Brown to risk their life for
Brown linger for two days- all escape route was cut off
He was capture with his men then hanged
many northerners saw him as a martyr
others think he was a lunatic
1860Presidential
Election
Abraham LincolnRepublican
John BellConstitutional Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860 Election1860 Election
Abraham Lincoln 16th President
the only one elected by a sectional party entirely in the North
southerners more convinced that their future was bleak- south only have 1/3 white male population will always
be outvoted the only way left was to SECEDE (withdraw)
South Carolina- first to leave- Dec 20, 1860
SECESSION!!!
formed Confederate States
stress sovereignty and independence of each state as well as slaves held as property
chose Jefferson Davis as their president
Six other southern states followedSix other southern states followed (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana,
Mississippi, Texas) South Carolina Mississippi FFlorida LLouisiana AAlabama GGeorgia Texas
Buchanan was a Buchanan was a lame ducklame duck Can only watched the development Could do little until Lincoln as inauguratedCould do little until Lincoln as inaugurated