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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
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THE UNITED NATIONSECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
Committee: Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) Topic A: Peacebuilding and Post-Conflict Economic Recovery in Asia Written by: Ana Diez Amieva and Paola Garza Hinojosa
I. Committee Background
The Economical and Social Council, also known as ECOSOC, is a United Nations committee
and one of the primary organs of the UN. It was created with the objective of being in charge of
worldwide challenges concerning the economy, society and the environment. It was established in
1946, and held its inaugural session on January 23 of the same year. This UN Charter body is
responsible for 70% of the human and financial resources in the United Nations system. The
headquarters of this committee are located in Geneva, Switzerland and New York, United States.
There are 54 members which are elected by the General Assembly, which consist of: 14 members
from African states, 11 from Asian states, 6 from Eastern European states, 10 from Latin American
and Caribbean states, and 13 from Western European and other states. With Oh Joon as its
president, the council holds regular meetings throughout the year with various kinds of businesses
and non-governmental organizations. As an active committee of the United Nations, ECOSOC is
always looking forward to finding viable solutions and advancing worldwide peace.
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
II. Topic information
A) History of Topic Peacebuilding is a process with the aim of facilitating the establishment of durable peace
inside post-conflict areas. The avoidance of violence is an aspect to be considered reconciliation,
institutions and politics efforts to stop the origin and reason of threatening events affecting
humanity. Keeping in mind, that peacebuilding measures are obtained just by starting on the
resumption of the problem and having as a result the trust of the people of a nation. Post-conflict
economic recovery consists of attaining human development and economic growth in a state that it
benefits the quality of the citizen’s life of a country and addresses the factors that are the causes of a
conflict. However, in Asia this this has been hard to achieve, especially in the Philippines since
recently many countries just transformed into independent nations. Peacebuilding and post-conflict
economic recovery in the continent of Asia, has been progressing considering the state where Asia
was in past years due to war zones and conflicts nearby. Still, efforts need to be made in order to
fully acquire peace and a stable economy after these types of confrontations occur.
The concept of “Peacebuilding” has been spread worldwide since the 1992 Secretary-
General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, published his “Agenda for Peace”. Ever since this agenda, this term
has been used widely around the world, with influence in development, conflict structure and inside-
the-country aim for peace. Around the world, many actions have been taken to end this issue. The
“Peacebuilding Commission” has provided countries with solutions to give an opportunity
to standardize post conflict interventions. The “Asia Foundation” is a well-known non-profit
international development organization with the goal to achieve peace in Asia and improve the lives
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
of those that live in the continent. Research of all of the actions taken helps not only strength the
process of peace and state building, but also informs the state and non-state actors that effort to
respond the tensions and the crisis. Non-governmental development organizations alo cooperate
with all the investigation by designing more conflict-sensitive programming, as well as collaboration,
innovation and identification to maximize the impact in a positive way.
In Asia, the most violent and long-lasting conflicts are, for the most part, a result of political
dynamics. The most affected areas by these conflicts are found along international borders, where
there are often ethnic minority groups. In politics, the post-conflict initial period is full of insecurity
and uncertainty in politics. As much as peace processes can advance and succeed, they also bring
regression in some periods. For peacebuilding, the political decisions are one of the most influential
factors to the success of this process. All types of authorities including national and local
governments, communities, donors and the UN itself. This proves that the government and politics
are highly influential in the advancement at peacebuilding amongst each country.
The actions taken have certainly helped the economic recovery in Asia progress to the point
where it stands nowadays. Although, many of the actions come with repercussions. These type of
processes, referring to peace processes themselves, can lead to new tensions amongst parties which
can be sometimes accompanied by armed confrontation and even the creation of new groups,
parties or agendas. These types of incidents remain as a frequent factor in these situations. Recently
in Asia, in areas like Nepal and the south of the continent, there is a factor that leads to predictions
of risk in approaches, so as a precaution, there is a conflict-sensitive approach for this types of
situations.
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
The Crisis Prevention and Recovery Report by the United Nations Development Program
widely explains the aspects that the majority of countries consider to maintain themselves as they
wish such as rebuilding of foundations, self-sustaining economic conditions and sound economy as
factors to achieve human development. These aspects in the report reminded countries to establish
guidelines to avoid the recurrence of conflicts and keep the economy stable. As mentioned by a
UNDP statement, post-conflict recovery is not about reestablishing pre-war economic or agreements
by organizations for the sake of a nation. On the other hand, economic, institutional, legal and policy
reforms that will automatically give a nation destroyed by war the opportunity to have a better
economic development. It also promotes peace after a violent event occurs, the reinforcement of
national capacities, and helps indigenous people’s areas.
It is important to take into account that post-conflict economic recovery is linked to the
stabilization of the military, government and social conditions such as justice. Therefore, significant
efforts in diverse areas of a country need to be preserved to continue with satisfactory economic
recovery after a devastating event. According to economist Nikolaos Tzifakis, “the economic
dimension of post-conflict reconstruction usually involves tasks such as distribution of relief
assistance, restoration of physical infrastructure and facilities, reestablishment of social services,
creation of appropriate conditions for the private sector development, and implementation of
essential structural reforms for macroeconomic stability and sustainable growth.” (Tzifakis, 2014)
International aid immediately helps, however, it is national responsibility to subordinate the
complication and make the follow-up scheme in order to achieve peacebuilding, recovery and
reconstruction.
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
B) Current Issues
Vietnam:
The delegation of Vietnam has previously addressed the importance of post-conflict
peacebuilding during a UN Security Council meeting, urging the international community to begin
with a more comprehensive and effective strategy. Peacebuilding continues to be an essential part of
the UN organization as well as the country's effort to ensure a healthy transition from conflict to
complete recovery in every aspect. With this reconstruction and development, preventing conflict
from recurring as an essential aspect. Concerning the Vietnamese strategies, the representatives say
that "the strategy could cover the reinforcement of the judicial system and the early commencement
of disarmament, the demobilization and reintegration of ex-combatants, the promotion of
institution-building and capacity-building, the national reconciliation and rehabilitation, the
enhancement of socio-economic reforms and the fulfillment of Millennium Development Goals”.
Regarding post-economic recovery, Vietnam has taken about 35 years to begin economic
development. Economists say that Vietnam has a long way to go before achieving a matching
economy with the neighboring countries that are more developed. It entered the World Trade
Organization just 9 years ago, which is pretty recent, but has shown improvement in the economic
recovery of the country throughout the years. In conclusion, Vietnam is still in economic recovery,
and working towards a more effective peacebuilding initiative.
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
Thailand:
Thailand has a conflicted area where armed groups of ethnic “Malay Muslims” have struggle
and fight for freedom from Thai rule. The Thai provinces that are most involved are Pattani, Yala and
Narathiwat. In the 14th century, the four districts of the Songkhla Province and the Thai provinces
mentioned, were once the Kingdom of Patani, all united. The United Kingdom, as well as the
Kingdom of Siam, decided to divide the kingdom into North and South by a border negotiated by
their rulers 1909. Afterwards, the Malay Muslims rose up against control from Bangkok. The
discontent rose once again in 2004, and since this bombings, assaults and other accidents, there has
been a continuing degree of violence since this new surge until nowadays, with casualties involving
around 6,000 people.
Turkey: Turkey has become a center for international business. Also, over the past 10 years, Turkey
has developed a very active foreign policy, tackling issues primarily in the Middle East and Central
Asia. It has established communication with countries considered adversaries in past issues. As a
matter of fact, while focusing on its eastern neighbors, Turkey has become a key factor in the region
by maintaining self-rule in relation to the EU and the US, as well as developing proper strategies
based on a renewed assessment of assets and interests. Turkey has been recently drawing its
attention towards growing its economic power, and has been a notable member from West Asia.
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
Malaysia:
The Peacebuilding Commission (PBC) chose Malaysia as a member that assists countries on
the road to recover from conflict throughout the 2013-2014 and 2015-2016 period. Thanks to the
PBC and the United Nations Security Council, Malaysia will promote and support peacebuilding in
nations that need it as it has been doing in Southeast Asia. Since 1980, the Malaysian Technical
Cooperation Program, otherwise known as the MTCP, trained 28,000 people from 139 developing
countries, among those countries, 14 were post-conflict economic recovering countries. This
program has supported them in their post-conflict peacebuilding, reconstruction, recovery and
sustainable development. Malaysia is willing to assist and support such countries in areas of public
administration, government, economic planning, education and poverty eradication. Malaysia
continues to be a coordinator between the PBC and the UN Security Council.
Philippines:
Muslims compose the largest minority group, making up about 5% of the Philippines’
population. Found mainly in the South of the Philippines, this group has been politically marginalized
as well as considered economically unprivileged in what is their ancestral domain. The Moros
became discontent and formed a new armed separatists group in early 1970s and since then
conducted a struggle for self determination that has continued to the present. Although the
Philippines also suffers from poverty and corruption, the peacebuilding dimensions have not only left
their mark on these struggles throughout the years, but also has cooperated with religious groups
and minority groups to come together in a way never seen before, aiming for harmony and peace.
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
Yemen:
Peacebuilding Fund interventions in Yemen in 2013 have lead to a positive impact in
removing political and financial obstacles for implementation of the Transition Agreement at a time
when, despite plenty pledges of support, there was a rapid shortage for immediate activities. The
initial success lead to a dialogue enabling an additional $19 million US dollars to be added into the
economy. The obstacles in the political and security situation in Yemen continue to heavily affect the
economic activity and post-conflict economic recovery. GDP growth slowed down notably (about
0.3%) in 2014 from 4.8% in 2013, as oil production was contained by infrastructure sabotage and
every fuel shortages and power cuts. The current civil war continues to devastate the economy in
Yemen. In addition to all of the current economic issues, there has been a change in political
stabilization. Since the uprising in 2011 and early 2012, Yemen has been going through a period of
political stabilization under a Gulf Cooperation Council-brokered transfer of power, and the ensuing
transition process. As part of the transition, the National Dialogue Conference was added, which
provided a space for all stakeholders - including those in a vulnerable positions - to participate in the
formation of a transition process towards the drafting of a new 2015 constitution.
C) UN Action
The United Nations has assumed measures to upgrade towards comprehensive actions
regarding the improvement of conflict prevention, development and peacebuilding. There has been
an improvement in the socio-economic causes of violent conflict and their recognition as well as an
urgent need to have them addressed.
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
Adding to this, the importance of long-term development in post conflict countries and their
inclusion in the global economy has been increasing in importance in and out of the United Nations.
DSEA, along with other organizations, have directed their attention to these issues. DESA has
worked to unite countries in conflict prevention and peacebuilding by: serving the ECOSOC
program "Ad Hoc Advisory Groups on African Countries Emerging from Conflicts", participating in
mechanisms as the “Framework Team”, bringing gender perspectives to attention in the center of
peace processes, building technical cooperation activities for capacity building within the countries
conflict prevention and peace-building, and exploring the impact of conflict on natural resource
leadership and the relationship between an environment and the causes and consequences of
conflict.
III. Conclusion
The aftermath of a conflict is always tough for a country to handle, especially in the economic
recovery aspect as it affects millions of people in the area. It is essential for peacebuilding to be
established so conflicts can be avoided and to ensure that the economy does not fall into a crisis.
Whether the political, social and/or cultural problem is large or not, financial planning is necessary in
order for a country to successfully return to or improve its former state. Peacebuilding in Asia is
emerging, however, development still needs to be made in order to secure the future for all citizens.
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
IV. Essential Questions
1. What is peacebuilding?
2. What is post-conflict economic recovery?
3. How are peacebuilding and post-conflict economic recovery initiatives currently working in Asia?
4. Are there any organizations, initiatives or campaigns working towards the implementation of
peacebuilding programs in Asia? If so, how are they working?
5. What impact has post-conflict economic recovery had on the countries in Asia?
6. Are there any actions being taken towards the implementation of peacebuilding procedures in
Asian nations affected by conflict?
7. What type of post-conflict economic recovery strategies are been applied currently in Asia?
8. What impact has post-conflict economic recovery had on countries with internal wars in this
decade?
V. Resources
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ISRMUN 2016 “Embracing our diversity is the first step to unity.”
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