the urinary system homeostasis and temperature control
DESCRIPTION
The urinary system homeostasis and temperature control. The urinary system. Lt kidney. Rt kidney. ureter. Urinary bladder. urethra. หน้าที่ของไต. รักษาสมดุลของน้ำและเกลือแร่ รักษาสมดุลกรด-ด่าง ขจัดของเสียที่ได้จากการเผาผลาญอาหาร - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The urinary system
homeostasis and
temperature control
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The urinary system
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Rt kidney
Lt kidney
ureter
Urinary
bladderurethra
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หน้�าที่��ของไตหน้�าที่��ของไตรั�กษาสมดุ�ลของน้��าและเกล�อแรั�
รั�กษาสมดุ�ลกรัดุ-ดุ�าง
ขจั�ดุของเส�ยที่��ไดุ�จัากการัเผาผลาญอาหารั
สรั�างฮอรั#โมน้ erythropoietin, renin,
angiotensin, prostaglandin, vitamin D3
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NephronNephron
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Urine formationUrine formation
GFR = 100-125 ml/min
= 180 L/day
GFR = 100-125 ml/min
= 180 L/day
1 ml/min
1-2 L/day
1 ml/min
1-2 L/day
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1 . Pressure filtration
- glomerular capsule
2. Selective reabsorption
-proximal convoluted tubule .
3. Tubular secretion
- distal convoluted tubule .
Urine FormationUrine Formation
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Renal
corpuscle- Production of
filtrate
Proximal tubule- Reabsorption of waterion and organic nutrients
Distal tubule-Secretion of ions, acids, drugs and toxins-Reabsorption of water, Na, Cl, Ca (under hormonal control)
Loop of Henle- Reabsorption of water, Na, Cl
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Composition of urineComposition of urine
• Organic substances: urea, uric,
creatinine
• Inorganic substances: Na, K, Ca, Mg,
NH4, Cl. HCO3, PO4
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• Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
– สร้�างจาก posterior pituitary gland
– สงเสร้�มการ้ดู�ดูน้ำ��ากลั�บที่�� collecting tubule
• Aldosterone
– สร้�างจาก adrenal cortex
– ดู�ดู Na กลั�บที่�� collecting tubule
• Atrial natriuretic peptide
– สร้�างที่��เซลัลั�หั�วใจ– เพิ่��มการ้ขั�บ Na ที่�� collecting tubule
• Parathyroid hormone
– เพิ่��มการ้ขั�บ PO4, ดู�ดูกลั�บ Ca, เพิ่��มการ้สร้�าง vitamin D ที่��ไต
ฮอรั#โมน้ที่��ม�ผลต�อไตฮอรั#โมน้ที่��ม�ผลต�อไต
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HomeostasisHomeostasis
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• Homeostasis - condition in which the
body's internal environment remains
within certain physiological limits.
– Homoios “the same”; stasis “standing”
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Basic component of control mechanism
Basic component of control mechanism
1. Sensor mechanism – Sensory nerve cells or endocrine glands
– Deviation from set point sensor generates afferent
signal
2. Integrating/control center- Receives afferent signal
- Analyzes and integrated with other information
– Sends efferent signal to organs (effectors)
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3. Effectors mechanism– Organs (muscles or glands) directly influence
physiological variables
4. Feedback system:
Basic component of control mechanism
Basic component of control mechanism
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sensorsensor
Control
center
effector
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Water balanceWater balance
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%Body
weight
%total body
water
Extracellular fluid 20 37.5
- Blood plasma 5 7.5
- Interstitial fluid 15 30.0
Intracellular fluid 40 62.5
Body fluidBody fluid
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Interstitial fluid
Intracellular fluid
Blood plasma
Hydrostatic pressureHydrostatic pressure
Osmotic pressureOsmotic pressure
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Fixed water excretion
Stool0.1 L/d
Variable water excretion
ICF27 L
ECF15 L
Normal water intake(1.0-1.5 L/d)
Water of cellular metabolism
350-500 ml/d
Sweat0.1 L/d
Pulmonary0.3 L/d
Total insensible loss~ 0.5 L/d
Total insensible loss~ 0.5 L/d
Total urine output1.0-1.5 L/d
Total urine output1.0-1.5 L/d
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การัควบค�มสมดุ�ลของน้��าและ sodium
การัควบค�มสมดุ�ลของน้��าและ sodium
• การัควบค�ม osmolarity ของรั�างกาย– Osmole receptor ที่�� anterior hypothalamus
– ควบค"มการ้ดู#�มน้ำ��าแลัะการ้ปั'สสาวะ– Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• การัควบค�มปรั*มาตรัของรั�างกาย– การ้ร้�บร้� �ปัร้�มาตร้ขัองร้างกาย (volume
sensing) :- baroreceptor ที่��ผน้ำ�งหัลัอดูเลั#อดู
– Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone– Reabsorption of sodium
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ECFWater + Na
blood volume
aldosterone ADH thirst
Na excretion
urine
water reabsorptio
n
water reabsorptio
n
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ECF (Water + Na)
blood volume
aldosterone ADH thirst
Na reabsorption
urine
water reabsorptio
n
water reabsorptio
n
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Normal
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Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Na conc.ก*น้เค+ม หรั�อเส�ยน้��า
osmoleosmole
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Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
Na conc.ก*น้น้��ามาก
osmoleosmole
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อาการัของผ,�ป-วยที่��ม�ป.ญหาใน้รัะบบที่างเดุ*น้ป.สสาวะอาการัของผ,�ป-วยที่��ม�ป.ญหาใน้รัะบบที่างเดุ*น้ป.สสาวะ
ปรั*มาณป.สสาวะ: polyuria, oliguria, anuria
ป.สสาวะเป1น้เล�อดุ ม�น้*�ว
ความผ*ดุปรักต*เก��ยวป.สสาวะ
ป.สสาวะแสบข�ดุ
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อาการัของผ,�ป-วยที่��ม�ป.ญหาใน้รัะบบที่างเดุ*น้ป.สสาวะอาการัของผ,�ป-วยที่��ม�ป.ญหาใน้รัะบบที่างเดุ*น้ป.สสาวะ
- บวม
- ปวดุหล�ง: น้*�ว การัต*ดุเชื้��อ
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การัขาดุสมดุ�ลของน้��าและเกล�อแรั�การัขาดุสมดุ�ลของน้��าและเกล�อแรั�- dehydration
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Thirst
Dry lips
Slightly dry mouth membranes
Thirst
Dry lips
Slightly dry mouth membranes
Mild dehydrationMild dehydration
Very dry mouth membranesSunken eyesPoor skin turgor
Very dry mouth membranesSunken eyesPoor skin turgor
Moderate dehydrationModerate dehydration
Rapid, weak pulseCold hands and feetRapid breathingConfusion
Severe dehydrationSevere dehydration
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การัขาดุสมดุ�ลของน้��าและเกล�อแรั�การัขาดุสมดุ�ลของน้��าและเกล�อแรั�- dehydration
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Temperature controlTemperature control
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Heat exchangeHeat exchange
radiation conduction
convection evaporation
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Heat balanceHeat balance
heat in heat out
Heat production-Metabolic process-Muscle contraction
Warm environment
RadiationConductionConvectionevaporation
-Sweating
-Cutaneous
vasodilatati
on
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Body temperatureBody temperature
- Normal = 37 oC (range 36-38 oC)
- ป.จัจั�ยที่��ม�ผลต�อ body temperature
- อ�ณหภู,ม*และความชื้��น้ของอากาศ- ก*จักรัรัมที่��ที่�าขณะน้��น้- เส��อผ�าที่��ใส�- ปรั*มาณน้��าที่��ส,ญเส�ย
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Expose to coldExpose to cold
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Expose to heatExpose to heat
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FeverFever
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A person’s sweating rate
-Climatic condition
-Clothing worn
-Exercise intensity
Sweating rate = 1.0-2.5 L/h
Na in sweat = 10-100 meq/L
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%body weight loss as sweat
Physiological effects
2 % Impaired performance
4 % Capacity for muscular work declined
5 % Heat exhaustion
7 % Hallucination
10 % Circulatory collapse and heat stroke
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Development of heat exhaustionDevelopment of heat exhaustion
Expose to heatExpose to heat
Excessive sweatingExcessive sweating
Cutaneous vasodilatatio
n
Cutaneous vasodilatatio
n
cardiac outputblood pressure cardiac outputblood pressure
shockshock
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Development of heat strokeDevelopment of heat stroke
Strenuous exerciseHot, humid environment
Strenuous exerciseHot, humid environment
Inadequate temperature regulation
Inadequate temperature regulation
Core temperatureCore temperature Impaired CNS functionImpaired CNS function
Organ & tissue damageOrgan & tissue damage
Death Death
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ค�ณสมชื้ายมาออกก�าล�งโดุยการัว*�งบน้สายพาน้ที่�� fitness center หล�งจัากว*�งปรัะมาณ 1 ชื้��วโมง ค�ณสมชื้ายรั,�ส6กเหน้��อยและกรัะหายน้��ามาก
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2. ที่�าน้จัะให�ค�าแน้ะน้�าใน้การัดุ��มน้��ารัะหว�าและหล�งออกก�าล�งกายอย�างไรั
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ค�ณสมศรั�มาใชื้�บรั*การั sauna ที่��ศ,น้ย#บรั*การัส�ขภูาพแห�งหน้6�ง โชื้ครั�ายเก*ดุเหต�ข�ดุข�อง เป8ดุปรัะต,ออกไม�ไดุ�เม��อถ6งเวลา
เม��อชื้�วยค�ณสมศรั�ออกมาไดุ� พบว�าค�ณสมศรั�อ�อน้เพล�ยมาก ต�วรั�อน้ ชื้�พจัรัเต�น้เรั+ว เหง��อออกมากค�าถาม
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