the us bases in the philippines peoples task for bases clean up / abc international

The US Bases inThe US Bases in the Philippinesthe Philippines

Peoples Task for Bases Clean Up / ABC INTERNATIONAL

History of ResistanceHistory of Resistance

1521 - 1896 Filipino Revolutionaries fought against Spain and was winning when Spain sold the Philippines to the U.S.

The U.S. Coopted Gen.Aguinaldo the Bourgeoisie Revolutionary Leader

1899 - 1942 Filipino Revolutionaries fought against the US and were defeated in bloody wars

For every Us trooper killed 50 Filipino revolutionaries were killed or 200,000 out of 700,000 population.

1942 - 1945 Filipino fought against Japan and was winning when U.S. came back to invade it under the guise of liberators

1946 - 1969 Filipino revolutionaries continued to fight against u.S. and the puppet governments

1971 - 1986 Filipino fought against the dictator Marcos

1986 - 1991 Filipino fought against the bases and won

U.S. Military Bases in the PhilippinesU.S. Military Bases in the Philippines

Chronology of Foreign Intervention from the MilitaryChronology of Foreign Intervention from the Military

1898-1901 U.S. suppression of Philippine revolution

1900 Philippine serves as staging area for US military contingents sent to China to crush the Boxer Rebellion

1918-20 Philippines serves as base for UN intervention in Siberia during the Russian civil war

1927Philippines serves as base for protecting the “international Settlement” in Shanghai, China

1942-45 Japanese conquer Philippines and use Clark for their 201st Air group ; Kamikaze base established nearby

1950-53 Clark Air Base and Subic naval Base play key logistical role in support of US forces in the Korean war



1954 Plan drawn up to use bombers based at Clark Air Base t drop 3 tactical nuclear weapons on Viet Minh positions at Denbienphu to aid France’s colonial war . Plan not carried out

1955-56 Subic used for CIA operations against China

1958 Philippines Bases used for clandestine supply drops to US-backed right-wing rebels in Indonesia

1962 Air Force units from Clark deployed o Thailand as show of force to back US-allied rightists in neighboring

1965-75 Bases in Philippines play crucial logistical role during US intervention in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. Us ships departed from Subic on combat missions. No direct bombing missions from Clark, in part because of Philippine sensitivity and in part because it was cheaper to fly from Thailand



1971 Naval force from Subic deployed to Bay of Bengal to support Washington’s “tilt toward Pakistan” Policy during the India Pakistan- Bangladesh war

1975 Subic serves as staging for US military actions against kampuchea during “Mayaguez” incident

1978-80 Carrier task forces from Subic sent to the Indian Ocean and Arabian sea, with major deployments during the Iranian revolution, the north Yemen-South Yemen border war, and the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan

1980 Marcos government announce that it has agreed that US bases can be used at staging areas fir US marines bound for Arabian Sea. Clark Air Base used as a staging point for the abortive mission of US Special operations Force who tried to free embassy hostages in Teheran

1986 Clark used to evacuate Marcos and his retinue to Guam and then Hawaii

1987 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

ON FOREIGN MILITARY BASES

Article II, Section 8 : The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopts and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territory.

Article XVIII, Section 25 :After the expiration in 1991 of the Agreement between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America concerning Military Bases, foreign military bases, troops, or facilities shall not be allowed in the Philippines except under 2 treaty duly concurred in by the Senate and, when the Congress so requires, ratified by a majority of the votes cast by the people in a national referendum held for that purpose, and recognized as a treaty by the other contracting State.

Extent of Contamination at Military Bases in the United

States as of FY 1993

(excluding overseas bases)

19,694 identified sites at 1,722 military installations

plus

2,815 identified sites at 1,632 former defense facilities

TOTAL :

Source : “The Defense Environment Cleanup Program ; Annual Report to Congress for Fiscal Year 1993,” Development of Defense, March 31, 1994

22,509 sites in 3,354 actives and former bases

The US military list 80 distinct facilities with a projected Defense Department cleanup cost, from start to completion of more than $100 million each. We list them, in descending order by total estimated cleanup cost.

Containing more than 4,100 individual sites where investigation or cleanup is in progress, these bases represent the bulk of the currently planned cleanup program. Though fiscal year 1994, nearly $4billion had been spent at these installations, and the Pentagon projects an additional expenditure – from fiscal year 1995 on – of over $17 billion, for a total exceeding $21 billion. None of these figures include expenditures by other responsible parties, such as shell Oil at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal or Intel at Moffett Field.

By Aimee Houghton and Lenny SiegelPacific Studies Center and Career IPRO, San Francisco State University

Cleanup of U.S. Air Force Bases Overseas (as of 1990)Cleanup of U.S. Air Force Bases Overseas (as of 1990)

Host Country Host Country No. ofNo. of

InstallatiInstallationon

No. of No. of

Sites Sites $ Spent $ Spent

as of 1990as of 1990 Project Total Project Total Cost Cost

CanadaCanadaGermanyGermanyGreenlandGreenlandItalyItalyJapanJapanKoreaKoreaNetherlandsNetherlandsPortugal(AzorePortugal(Azores)s)SpainSpainTurkeyTurkeyUnited United KingdomKingdom

212166221111331111111111

21212828662211331111111133

8,400,0008,400,000920,000920,000

1,201,0001,201,00070,00070,000

200,000200,000568 ,000568 ,000

001,0001,0001,0001,0008,0008,000

500,000500,000

61,400,00061,400,00030,751,00030,751,0001,559,0001,559,0001,580,0001,580,000

650,000650,000986,000986,000

1,000,0001,000,000151,000151,00051,00051,000

115,000115,0001,950,0001,950,000

TotalTotal 3939 6868 $11,887,00$11,887,0000

$100,193,00$100,193,0000

Source : Air Force survey of worldwide cleanup costs conducted for the Environmental Quality Division, Directorate of Engineering and Service, U.S. Air Force, April 1990;Cited in Defense Cleanup, Vol.3, No. 16, July 24, 1992

“U.S. bases are encountering increasing numbers of cases where host countries are taking legal action against the bases or the officials responsible for hazardous waste management because of past practices of improper handling, storage, or disposal of hazardous waste”

From October 1984 to 1991-There were 1,259 host country claims against the U.S. totaling about $25.8 million with 140 claims for an undetermined amount

- Incidents of pollution confirmed at 113 additional sites and more are suspected at others. The preliminary cost estimate to settle claims that may arise at the 113 sites is $111 million, but the actual cost may be much higher. Source : “Hazardous Waste: Management problems Continue at Overseas Base.” General Accounting Office Report, August 1991

U.S. General Accounting Office, “Military Base Closures : U.S.

Financial Obligations in the Philippines” January 22, 1992

Environmental officers at both Clark Air Base and Subic Bay Naval Facility have identified contaminated sites and facilities that would not be in compliance with U.S. environmental standards…

For examples, the underground storage tanks lack leak detection equipment, and fire fighting facilities have no drainage system. Instead, the fuel and chemical used in fire-fighting exercises seep directly into the soil and water table, and at the Navy facilities, the overflow goes directly into Subic Bay.

… according to Air force and navy officials, if the United Sates unilaterally decided to clean up these bases in accordance with U.S. standards, the costs for environmental cleanup and restoration could approach Superfund proportions.

Pollution Abatement and Environmental Projects

(“to correct environmental hazardous and remedy situations that pose serious health and safety threats’) at Clark and Subic that were abandoned

At At SubicSubic

Sanitary sewer and waste treatment facility Oil/Water separator Hazardous material storage structure Improvements to fuel storage tanks

At At Clark Clark

PCB removalAsbestos survey and removalHazardous waste removal

U.S. General Accounting Office report , January 22, 1992

Examples of contaminated sites found at both Clark and

Subic :

•Dumping of untreated wastewaters into Subic Bay•Dumping of lead and other toxic metals from the Ship Repairpacility’s sandblasting site into Subic Bay or in the landfill•PCB contamination at the Subic Power Plant

U.S. General Accounting Office report , January 22, 1992

•Underground storage tanks•Fire-fighting training facilities

List of 46 contaminated Sites at Clark Air Base and List of 46 contaminated Sites at Clark Air Base and Subic Naval Facility(Clark-27, Subic 19)Subic Naval Facility(Clark-27, Subic 19)

A.A. Known Contamination Sites at Clark Air Base(27 total sites)Known Contamination Sites at Clark Air Base(27 total sites)Based on the weston Environmental Baseline StudyBased on the weston Environmental Baseline Study

1.1. Mabalacat LandfillMabalacat Landfill2.2. Fire training Area Fire training Area 3.3. Power Plant Power Plant 4.4. Corrosion Control Areas Corrosion Control Areas 5.5. Defense Reutilization and Defense Reutilization and

Marketing Office Marketing Office 6.6. Storage Yard Area Storage Yard Area 7.7. Jet Engine Test CellJet Engine Test Cell8.8. Civil Engineering EntomologyCivil Engineering Entomology9.9. California Bus Line Motor PoolCalifornia Bus Line Motor Pool10.10. Motor PoolMotor Pool11.11. Fuel System Repair ShopFuel System Repair Shop12.12. Philippine Area Exchange Philippine Area Exchange

Motor Pool Motor Pool 13.13. Wagner Aviation Transformer Wagner Aviation Transformer 14.14. Operational Well 1 in CABCOM Operational Well 1 in CABCOM

Evacuation CenterEvacuation Center15.15. Operational Well 2 in CABCOMOperational Well 2 in CABCOM16.16. Operational Well 3 in CABCOMOperational Well 3 in CABCOM17.17. Operational Wells near Operational Wells near

former (CDC-2,8,and 9)former (CDC-2,8,and 9)

18.18. Operational Back-up Wells Operational Back-up Wells Upgradient (Near Golf course Upgradient (Near Golf course and Housing CDC-16,17)and Housing CDC-16,17)

19.19. Operational Well Downgradient Operational Well Downgradient to the Golf course (CDC-23)to the Golf course (CDC-23)

20.20. Operational Well near the former Operational Well near the former DRMO (CDC 4) DRMO (CDC 4)

21.21. Well Downgradient to the former Well Downgradient to the former DRMO (CDC -12) DRMO (CDC -12)

22.22. Operational Well near the former Operational Well near the former DRMO (CDC -4)DRMO (CDC -4)

Based on the U.S. Air Force Environmental Based on the U.S. Air Force Environmental

ReviewReview of the Drawdown Activities at Clark Air of the Drawdown Activities at Clark Air

Base,Base,Republic of the PhilippinesRepublic of the Philippines23.23. Mechanical Room, Bldg 7509Mechanical Room, Bldg 750924.24. Supply Storage Yard Adjac at to Supply Storage Yard Adjac at to

the DRMOthe DRMO25.25. Clark – Subic POL pipelineClark – Subic POL pipeline26.26. Phil. Rock Products Compound, Phil. Rock Products Compound,

Bldg 18Bldg 1827.27. Asbestos Land fillAsbestos Land fill

List of 46 contaminated Sites at Clark Air Base and List of 46 contaminated Sites at Clark Air Base and Subic Naval Facility(Clark-27, Subic 19)Subic Naval Facility(Clark-27, Subic 19)

B.B. Known Contamination Sites at Subic Naval Facility(19 sites)Known Contamination Sites at Subic Naval Facility(19 sites)Based on the Woodward-ClydeBased on the Woodward-Clyde

Environmental Baseline StudyEnvironmental Baseline Study

28.28. Subic LandfillSubic Landfill

29.29. Osir Basin Old LandfillOsir Basin Old Landfill

30.30. Navy Exchange Taxi Navy Exchange Taxi Compound Compound

31.31. Defense Reutilization and Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office (DRMO) Marketing Office (DRMO) Yard/Deltic Yard Yard/Deltic Yard

32.32. PWC Vehicle Maintenance PWC Vehicle Maintenance Yard Yard

33.33. Cubi Hospital Incinerator Cubi Hospital Incinerator

34.34. Fire Fighting Training Area Fire Fighting Training Area

35.35. Former Demilitarization Former Demilitarization Facility / NAVMAGFacility / NAVMAG

36.36. SRF CausewaySRF Causeway

37.37. Explosive Ordance Disposal Explosive Ordance Disposal Area / NAVMAG Area / NAVMAG

Based on U.S. Navy’s Potential Restoration Based on U.S. Navy’s Potential Restoration Sites on Sites on

Board the U.S. facility, Subic Bay Board the U.S. facility, Subic Bay

38.38. Sanitary LandfillSanitary Landfill

39.39. Subic Power plant (Building Subic Power plant (Building 1800)1800)

40.40. Fleet Mooring / Sandblasting Fleet Mooring / Sandblasting YardYard

41.41. Foundry Shop. Building 30Foundry Shop. Building 30

42.42. Naval Supply Depot Tank Farm, Naval Supply Depot Tank Farm, area around UST structure No. area around UST structure No. 17581758

43.43. Wood Preservation and Wood Preservation and Treatment Facility, Bldg. Treatment Facility, Bldg. 2259/NAVNAG2259/NAVNAG

44.44. Fuel Farm Area in Cubi Point Fuel Farm Area in Cubi Point naval Air Stationnaval Air Station

45.45. Washrack holding Tanks, Washrack holding Tanks, Structure No. 8415 and 8416Structure No. 8415 and 8416

46.46. Cubi Point Plant Cubi Point Plant

CLARK US AIR FORCE BASECLARK US AIR FORCE BASE

Migration of contamination in US Air Force Base

Summary of Analytical Result on Soil from CDCSummary of Analytical Result on Soil from CDC(cited from : Weston International, “Soil and Water Baseline Study Report” (cited from : Weston International, “Soil and Water Baseline Study Report”

Final Report, August 1997)Final Report, August 1997)

SiteSite Pollution which exceed US EPA Region III Pollution which exceed US EPA Region III Risk-Based Concentrations for Soil Risk-Based Concentrations for Soil

IngestionIngestion

Mabalacat Land FillMabalacat Land Fill Aldrin ; Dieldrin ; Lindane ; Aldrin ; Dieldrin ; Lindane ; Hexachlorobenzene ; TPH (C10 to C28)Hexachlorobenzene ; TPH (C10 to C28)

Fire Training AreaFire Training Area Aldrin , Lindane , TPH (C6 to C36)Aldrin , Lindane , TPH (C6 to C36)

Power PlantPower Plant TPH (C15 to C36)TPH (C15 to C36)

Corrosion ControlCorrosion Control TPH (C15 to C36)TPH (C15 to C36)

Defense Reutilization Defense Reutilization Marketing Office(DRMO) Marketing Office(DRMO) storage areastorage area

TPH (C15 to C36)TPH (C15 to C36)

Jet Engine Test Cell (JETC)Jet Engine Test Cell (JETC) TPH (C15 to C28)TPH (C15 to C28)

CE Entomology (CEE)CE Entomology (CEE) Deldrin, Heptachlor, TPH(C6 to C36)Deldrin, Heptachlor, TPH(C6 to C36)

California Bus Lines (CBL)California Bus Lines (CBL) Lead, Aldrin, 4,4’-DDD, TPH(C to C36)Lead, Aldrin, 4,4’-DDD, TPH(C to C36)

Motor Pool (MP)Motor Pool (MP) Lead, TPH (C10 to C36)Lead, TPH (C10 to C36)

Fuel System Repair (FSR)Fuel System Repair (FSR) TPH (C6 to C36)TPH (C6 to C36)

Philippine Area Exchange Philippine Area Exchange Motor Pool (PAX)Motor Pool (PAX)

Chlordane, Heptachlor, Heptachlor Chlordane, Heptachlor, Heptachlor epoxide, TPH (C15 to C28) epoxide, TPH (C15 to C28)

Hospital (transformers)Hospital (transformers) PCBsPCBs

Wane Aviation Wane Aviation (transformers)(transformers)

PCBs (7,800mg/kg)PCBs (7,800mg/kg)

Chemicals (exceeding WHO/PNS standards) founded in

Clark Air Bases Well

- Documented in 1997 Weston International Soil and Water Baseline Study, commissioned by the Clark Development

Mercury TetrachloroethaneLead DichloroethaneBenzeneDichloropropyleneToulene dibromo-Xylene chloromethaneDieldrin Ethylbenzene

Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances(RTECS) : 1985-86

Aldrin/Diedrin : in humans : potential for cancer; in animal : produced tumors of the lungs, liver, tyroid and adrenal gland.Benzene : Cancer(leukemia)Lead(Pb) : Kidney , blood, and nervous system effectsMercury (Hg) : Central nervous system depressant; mental effectsPCB(Arochlors) : Potential for cancer in humans; produced tumors of the liver, pituitary gland and leukemia in animals ; skin, liver, and reproductive system effects. Blood testing required; females of child-bearing age and nursing mothers should be warned of potential harmful effects1,1,2,2,-Tetrachloroethane : potential for cancer in humans;produced tumors of the liver in animals; liver gastrointestinal, and nervous system effectsToluene : Central nervous system depressant; respiratory effectsTotal Petroleum Hydrocarbon(TPH):Xylene : Central nervous system depressant; respiratory irritation

Summary of Analytical Result on Water from Various Summary of Analytical Result on Water from Various Well in CDCWell in CDC((cited from : Weston International, “Soil and Water Baseline Study Report” cited from : Weston International, “Soil and Water Baseline Study Report” Final Report, August 1997)Final Report, August 1997)

SiteSite Pollution which exceed Water Pollution which exceed Water Quality CriteriaQuality Criteria

Evacuation Camp WellEvacuation Camp Well MercuryMercury

Near Former Landfills (CDC-2)Near Former Landfills (CDC-2) DieldrinDieldrin

Near former Defense Reutilization Near former Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office (DRMO) and Marketing Office (DRMO) storage yard (CDC-4)storage yard (CDC-4)

Lead;1,1,2,2-Lead;1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane;1,2-Tetrachloroethane;1,2-

Dichloroethane;1,3-Dichloroethane;1,3-

Dichloropropylene, Benzene, Cis-Dichloropropylene, Benzene, Cis-

1,2dichloroethene;1,2dichloroethene;

DibromochloromethaneDibromochloromethane

Ethylbenzene; Toluene; Trans-1,2-Ethylbenzene; Toluene; Trans-1,2-

Dichloroethene; XylenesDichloroethene; Xylenes

Near former Landfills (CC-8 and 9)Near former Landfills (CC-8 and 9) DieldrinDieldrin

Downgradient of DRMO (CDC-12)Downgradient of DRMO (CDC-12) LeadLead

Downgradient of Golf Course Downgradient of Golf Course Maintence (CDC-23)Maintence (CDC-23)

DieldrinDieldrin

Measure Taken by CDCMeasure Taken by CDC Limitation of Measure TakenLimitation of Measure Taken

1. Immediate and permanent 1. Immediate and permanent shutdown of wells with shutdown of wells with contaminants exceeding health contaminants exceeding health standard so as to prevent standard so as to prevent ingestion and ensure further ingestion and ensure further dilution of faint traces of dilution of faint traces of contaminants noted in some wells contaminants noted in some wells

Only prevents further Only prevents further contamination from vandalism.contamination from vandalism.

Existing studies indicate that the Existing studies indicate that the aquifers have already been aquifers have already been contaminated.contaminated.

2. Sealing of decommissioned 2. Sealing of decommissioned wells to prevent pilferage and wells to prevent pilferage and further contamination further contamination

Same as above. A fuller Same as above. A fuller investigation into the aquifer investigation into the aquifer system, water hydrology, and system, water hydrology, and ongoing testing can only ongoing testing can only determine the size of the plume determine the size of the plume and extent f contamination that and extent f contamination that has already reached these water has already reached these water systems.systems.

3. Regular monitoring of water in 3. Regular monitoring of water in ClarkClark

CDC has yet to release their CDC has yet to release their monitoring results to people monitoring results to people around the Clark area or to other around the Clark area or to other government officials. government officials. Undetermined whether this water Undetermined whether this water monitoring is testing for the whole monitoring is testing for the whole range of contaminants, that could range of contaminants, that could endanger the health of nearby endanger the health of nearby communities.communities.

McClellan Air Force BaseMcClellan Air Force Base

258 identified sites

Including 18 acres of contaminated soil, 3 plumes of contaminated groundwater, PCB hot spots in DRMO area, disposal pits.

350 groundwater monitoring wells installed

Some of the contaminants found in groundwater and soil samples ; benzene, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, perchloroethylene, Xylenes, chloroform, trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, lead, arsenic, cadium, mercury, PCBs and dioxin.

150 USTs removed

Since 1979, 548 residences supplied with alternate drinking water source

AA

BB

B1B1

CC

C1C1

DD EE

FF

GG

HH

Operable

Unit(OU)AB

B1C

C1DEFGH

NumberOf

Site121472

426

152198

Placed on NPL in 1997Scheduled for closure

Total estimated cleanup cost : $1.6 billionExpected date of cleanup completion: 2040

McClellan Air Force Base McClellan Air Force Base (near Sacramento, CA)(near Sacramento, CA)

Hazrdous Waste Accumulation PointsHazrdous Waste Accumulation PointsATTACHMENT 3ATTACHMENT 3

SUBIC US NAVAL BASESUBIC US NAVAL BASE

Some contaminated sites in Subic

- Woodward Clyde Report

Comparisons of Size and Function

Alameda NAS

Hunters Point Annex

Mare island Naval Shipyard

Subic Naval Base*largest in the world

Since 19302,842 acres of land and water

Naval Air StationNaval Aviation Depot

Since 1941522 acres

Naval Shipyard/Ship repair Facility Naval Radiological Lab

Since 18545,677 acres of land wetlands

Naval Magazine Naval Shipyard Logistical Support for Assigned Ships

Since 189916,452 acres of land plus 27,932 acres of land and water Naval Shipyard / Naval Supply Depot* / Naval Magazine / Naval Ship repair Facility / Naval Air Station (Cubi) / Naval Regional Medical CenterLogistical Support for Seventh Fleet and Naval Patrol Wing Interm / Aircraft Repair Command, Control, Comm Bombing Practice Areas Jungle Survival Training

Estimated Cleanup Cost : $402m (52site)Est. Date of Completion : 2005

Estimated Cleanup Cost : $95 millionEst. Date of Completion : 2016

Estimated Cleanup Cost : $207m (42site)Est. Date of Completion : 2010

Comparisons of Identified SitesComparisons of Identified Sites

Alameda NASAlameda NAS Hunters Point Annex Hunters Point Annex Mare Island Mare Island Naval ShipyardNaval Shipyard

23 IDETIFIED 23 IDETIFIED SITES SITES

including landfills,including landfills,Fuel storage areas,Fuel storage areas,Pest control area,Pest control area,Plating shop, Plating shop, aircraft aircraft maintenance maintenance facility, facility, contaminated contaminated buildings, power buildings, power plant, fire fighting plant, fire fighting training, training, transformer transformer storage area, storage area, lagoon,hazardous lagoon,hazardous waste storage waste storage yard, sewer yard, sewer system, fuel linessystem, fuel lines

58 IDETIFIED SITES 58 IDETIFIED SITES

Including asbestos in Including asbestos in buildings, PCB leas, buildings, PCB leas, hazardous waste in hazardous waste in landfill and sewer, landfill and sewer, transformer storage area, transformer storage area, tank farm, possible tank farm, possible radiological radiological contamination, soil and contamination, soil and groundwater groundwater contaminated with heavy contaminated with heavy metals, sandblast waste metals, sandblast waste dumped in landfill, dumped in landfill, electroplating shopelectroplating shop

(28 of 46 USTs found (28 of 46 USTs found leaking)leaking)

24 IDETIFIED 24 IDETIFIED SITES SITES

Including landfill, Including landfill, oil sump, berths, oil sump, berths, lagoon, acid tank, lagoon, acid tank, contaminated contaminated buildings, buildings, electroplating electroplating shop, acid battery shop, acid battery storage area, storage area, waste treatment waste treatment plant, fuel oil tankplant, fuel oil tank

Top 20 Hazardous Substances

CONTAMINANCONTAMINANTT

Present at Subic Present at Subic Above Screening Above Screening

LevelsLevels

CONTAMINACONTAMINANTNT

Present at Subic Present at Subic Above Screening Above Screening

LevelsLevels

1. Arsenic1. Arsenic vv 11. Chloroform11. Chloroform DetecteDetectedd

2. Lead2. Lead vv 12. DDT,P’P’-12. DDT,P’P’- vv

3. Mercury3. Mercury vv 13. Aroclor 126013. Aroclor 1260

4. Vinyl chloride4. Vinyl chloride vv 14. Aroclor 125414. Aroclor 1254

5. Benzene5. Benzene vv 15. Tricloroetylene15. Tricloroetylene

6. 6. Polychlorinated Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs)Biphenyls(PCBs)

vv 16. Chroium(+6)16. Chroium(+6) vv

7. Cadmium7. Cadmium vv 17. 17. Dibenz[a,h]anthraeneDibenz[a,h]anthraene

vv

8.Benzo(a)pyrene8.Benzo(a)pyrene vv 18. Dieldrin18. Dieldrin vv

9. 9. Polycyclic Aromatic Polycyclic Aromatic HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons

vv 19. 19. HexachlorobutadieneHexachlorobutadiene

vv

10. 10. Benzo(b)FluorantheneBenzo(b)Fluoranthene

vv 20. DDE, P, P’20. DDE, P, P’ vv

U.S.Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR) Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) Priority List for 19999

Disease Related to Toxic Waste CotaminationDisease Related to Toxic Waste CotaminationLeukemia Research and Statistics

Date : Feb 2000Resource Person : Ronnie GeronimoResources : Universal of Santo Tomas Hospital(UST)

James L.Gordon Hospital (former Olongapo City Gen.Hosp)

Year Year 19961996 19951995 19941994 19931993 19921992

Adult Adult 2121 1616 33 2828 3535

Children 18Y/O Below Children 18Y/O Below 7070 6161 6060 4444 4747

Total Total 9191 7777 6363 7272 8282

U.S.T. Hospital

James L.Gordon Hospital

Name Name AddressAddress Age Age

Jacquelyn TubigJacquelyn Tubig Olongapo Olongapo CityCity

3 years old3 years old

Melane Basco Melane Basco Olongapo Olongapo CityCity


Jay RYANGatmnJay RYANGatmn Olongapo Olongapo CityCity


Christopher Christopher DiwaDiwa

Olongapo Olongapo CityCity

UnknownUnknown

Name Name AddressAddress Age Age

Romar Romar DevillenerDevillener

Olongapo Olongapo CityCity

UnknownUnknown

Rommel Lopez Rommel Lopez Olongapo Olongapo CityCity

14 years 14 years oldold

Jasper CatubayJasper Catubay ZambalesZambales 4 years old4 years old

Adonis VinluanAdonis Vinluan UnknownUnknown 9 years old9 years old

FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY

Fetal period extends from day 5(at 2 months) to birth(at 9 months)

By 2 months after conception(10weeks LMP) organogenesis(the formation of organs) is almost complete and the fetus starts to resemble the human body.From this time on intrauterine fetal development is predominantly growth and maturation. Once the fetus is formed, it is less susceptible to toxic insult although the central nervous system is still sensitive. The brain continues to develop during the entire pregnancy and it is not known what agents may harm it in the latter stages of pregnancy.

FETAL DEVELOPMENT AND VULNERABILITYFETAL DEVELOPMENT AND VULNERABILITY

SIXTH WEEK35 - 41 days8TH week LMP

Hands feet and ears begin developing.Liver is identifiable.

SEVENTH WEEK42 - 48 days9TH week LMP

Most of heart structural development completed.Sexual differentiation of ovaries and testes begins.

SIXTH WEEK49 - 55 days10TH week LMP

Kidneys begin to form Bone calcification. Closure of palate occurs. Differentiation of external genitalia begins.

Summary of Documents of Contamination at Clark Summary of Documents of Contamination at Clark Air Base and Subic Naval FacilityAir Base and Subic Naval Facility

1. The Environmental Review of he Drawdown Activities at Clark Air Base, Republic f the Philippines, U.S. Air Force, September 1991A preliminary and incomplete study which identifies some sites where hazardous materials were stored, used, and disposed of, sits where spills had taken place and where samples were taken showing varying levels of contamination.

2. Military Base Closures : U.S. Financial Obligations in the Philippines, U.S. General Accounting Office, January 1992Report by the investigative arm of Congress. Identifies some contaminated areas by environmental officers at both Clark and Subic. Estimates that the costs for environmental clean up could approach Superfund proportions.

3. U.S. Navy Potential Restoration Sites on Board the U.S. Facility, Subic Bay, October 1992Identifies 28 potentially contaminated sites on Subic, as well as 28 potentially contaminated training areas and range utilized by Naval forces. At many sites, contamination was documented, but no cleanup had occurred; a limited cleanup had occurred but was found to be ineffective; or no investigation had occurred but contamination was suspected due to records indicating many years of toxic discharge


4. World Health Organization Mission Report - Subic Bay Environmental Risk assessment and Investigation Program, May 1993 Prepared for the Environmental Management Bureau of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources(DENR).Contains a brief history of SBFZ, lists operations conducted when the facility was still a naval base, and physical description of area. Identifies and classifies the 32 activity areas at Sublc based on potential contamination. Fifteen activity areas were identified as high priority, meaning areas requiring detailed site inspection and sampling. Based on the priority ranking, a physical sampling program costing $600,000 was recommended

5. An Environmental and Health Impact Report on Known and potentially Contaminated Sited at Former U.S. military Base in the Philippines, P. Bloom etal., August 1994 Written by a team of US and Filipino scientists sponsored by the Philippine program of the Unitarian Universalist Service Committee(UUSC), a NGO in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Review of DOC, WHO, and other exciting information including site visits and interviews. Identifies 14 known contaminated sites, 17 potentially contaminated sites, and 5 areas of further concern at former Subic naval Station. Also identifies 5 contaminated sites and more than 10 potentially contaminated sites at Clark Air base. Describes potential health effects due to migration of toxic and human exposures.

Summary of Documents of Contamination at Clark Air Summary of Documents of Contamination at Clark Air Base and Subic Naval FacilityBase and Subic Naval Facility

6. Soil and Groundwater baseline Study of Clark Development Corporation, weston International(USA), August 1997 Commissioned by the Clark Development Corporation for $26,000. Groundwater baseline study tested water for chemicals and bacteria within Clark field and CBCOM evacuation center. A total of 21 of the 24 locations sampled had at least one pollutant that exceeded drinking water standards. The soil study identified contamination at 13 of the sites studied. Recommended that the soil and groundwater of 75% of the soil sites be further investigated.

7. Environmental Baseline Study at Subic Bay Freeport Zone(SPFZ), Woodward -Clyde International (USA), February 1997Commissioned by the Subic Bay Metropolitan Authority with a $670,000 oan from the World Bank.. Identified potential areas of significant contamination and determined the presence of toxic materials based on a review f past land uses and activities, sampling, and analysis of soils, Groundwater, and sediments within the developed areas of the Freeport. Recommended remediation of 9 sites costing $7-10 million and futher investigation of 13 sites costing $1.4 million.

Summary of Documents of Contamination at Clark Air Summary of Documents of Contamination at Clark Air Base and Subic Naval FacilityBase and Subic Naval Facility

8. Technical Review of the Woodward – Clyde Environmental Baseline Studyat SBFZ, Clearwater Revival Company (USA), July 1998 Commissioned by Arc Ecology, a California based environmental and military toxic NGO, for the People’s Task Force for Bases Clean Up. Purpose was to determine whether the methodology and recommendations of the Woodward-Clyde report were technically sound. Determined that the study did not accurately characterize contaminations at Subic BAY Free Port Zone. Concluded that “ the results of sampling performed during the EBS indicate that existing environmental conditions within the Freeport Zone present an imminent and substantial endangerment to human health and environment”

9. Technical Review of the Weston Soil and Groundwater baseline Study of Clark Development Corporation, Clearwater Revival Company (USA), 1998Commissioned by Arc Ecology for the People’s Task Force for Bases Clean Up. Purpose was to determine whether the methodology and recommendations of the report which was to continue to use the drinking water supply. Found flaws in the sampling methodology which could underestimate the extent of contamination. Also found Iimitations in the analysis of soil sampling results.


10. Health for All, A Study of the health of People Living on or near the former US Clark Air Force Base 1996-1998. A joint project of the International Institute of Concern for Public Health and the Peoples Task force for Base Cleanup.

Principal investigator Dr,. Rosalie Bertell. Survey of 759 family respondents from 13 communities around Clark Air Base. Survey included health problems, economic status, environmental conditions, and living conditions. The dominant health problems noted were female, urinary tract, and nervous system problems. Respiratory problems were reported in 24-31% of children in each community surveyed. Dust and poor water quality were each associated with kidney and urinary tract problems, corrosive drinking water with respiratory problems, and water with unusual taste or smell with nervous system problems. The highest percentage of female, urinary tract, and nervous system problems occurred in Margot, Sapang Bato,(Angeless)Macpagal, Poblacin, San Joaquin, nd cbcom(Mabakacat). Bertell recommended officials target these area for improvement, remediation, and cleanup.

“It is the polluters who should prove they are not causing the illness.

Victims Should not have to prove that they are victimized” – Dr. Rosalie bertell Nov. 1998