the use of windsim for detailed site verification analysis
TRANSCRIPT
Use of WindSim for Site verification:
Sector Management, a case study
Beatrice Pistoni
WindSim User Meeting 2014
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Abstract
Short overview of the case study
Analyzing an approach of Sector Management using WindSim
Evaluating the effects of Sector Management both on AEP and Ieff in the case study
Discussing about the benefit of a Sector Management calculation in WindSim
Focusing on Turbulence analysis
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Surrounding Area
Hill and forested area: 350 800 m a.s.l
Site Area
700 m a.s.l.
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Layout & Technology
13 WTGs positioned on an regular layout on a plateau, stretching from SW to NE
(690 m a.s.l) ; interdistance 1.6D
Technical features
E70 E4 2.3MW
Hub 57m
D 71m
Prevailing sectors: NNW and SSE
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Site: orography and vegetation
High complexity site slopes with inclination higher than 35°
mainly covered by forest
Incl.(°)
H = 11÷14m
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Wind Data
2 MET STATIONS: related to the same position, since installed one after the other,
with different configurations and heights (22m / 44m)
Mean wind speed
@ 22m= 6.66 m/s
@ 44m= 8.46 m/s
Met mast location very close to the
edge of the plateau in an area not
covered by forest
725 m a.s.l
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Vertical wind profile at met station (44 m)
NNW N SSE
Profiles reveal the terrain complexity that needs to be represented by CFD model, in
order to describe the aerodynamic effects involved
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Climatologies
2nd :Synthesized Time history @44m
Using correlation coefficient on 20m
1st : Correlation 20/44m
at 44m met mast
Time history .tws @44m
[For IEC Classification]
Weighted Frequency table.wws @44m [for AEP]
.wws .tws
8.12m/s 8.46 m/s
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
WindSim Model
Large model 20x20km / 80 m horizontal resolution
Nesting model 6x6km / Variable horizontal resolution (uniform 15 m in the 2x2 km area)
Variable vertical resolution (with a constant step of 11.1 m in the first 100 m)
full convergence: 3000 iterations using the SEGREGATED solver
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Vertical profiles at met station – Method of the
displacement shift
NNW
N
SSE
Displacement height = 8m
Reduce Turbine Hub and
Met Mast Heights (=h-8m)
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Wind Resource
Given the orography and the wind rose of the site, there is a pronounced wind
acceleration at the met station position, with average winds around 8.4 m/s
Wind resource slowly decreases moving towards turbines with Vave=7.42 m/s
57m
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Turbulence Analysis
Evaluation of turbulence intensity measured experimentally at met station
Calculation of mean turbulence intensity Iref at the hub (57 m) of every wind turbine
using WindSim aerodynamic solution and the experimental data from the met station
Calculation of Ichar at the hub (57 m) of every wind turbine, using Iref and the
associated standard deviation
(IEC 61400-1 – 2nd ed.)
refIrefchar II
refIrefrep II 28.1
Calculation of Irep and Ieff at the hub (57 m) of every wind turbine, considering
Frandsen model to account for the wakes of the surrounding turbines
(IEC 61400-1 – 3rd ed.)
0.2 vref ÷ 0.4 vref
0.6 vrate ÷ vcut-out C
B
A
S
sm /195Wind Speed Range
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Turbulence analysis at Mast
In the turbulence analysis, just the 44m data were used (easier extrapolation of
turbulence intensity at hub heights 57m).
A comparison between the two TI trends, related to the two met stations, at the same
height (20 m), was carried out.
Trends overlap quite well: measurement interval of mast_44m is
representative of long term turbulence.
20m
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Turbulence at Mast
Experimental values at Met mast (44m) shows high TImean=16.5% at 15 m/s
According to the IEC 61400-1 2nd ed., the characteristic value of turbulence intensity,
Ichar (84th percentile of TImean) at met mast, was evaluated (Ichar=19.9% at 15 m/s)
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Turbulence at Mast
According to the IEC 61400-1 3rd ed., the representative value of turbulence intensity,
Irep (90th percentile of Timean) at met mast, was evaluated (Irep=20.9% at 15 m/s)
High turbulence values Irep mainly due to contributions of prevailing sectors
PREVAILING SECTORS
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Turbulence at WTGs (IEC 61400-1, 2° ed.)
At WTGs, Ichar was calculated coupling mast turbulence with CFD analysis.
Results indicates Ichar above the class A limit for every turbine in a wide range of wind
classes.
WTG02
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Turbulence at WTGs (IEC 61400-1, 3° ed.)
Ieff effective turbulence takes into account both the structural stress of turbine
components’s material, using the Wholer exponent m, and the wake effects from
neighbouring wind turbines, according to Frandsen study.
WTG02 Ieff above class A
in a wide range of
wind classes
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Sector Management: strategy
Managed WTG sector action
Eol-02 NNE-ENE-SSW-WSW off
Eol-04 NNE-ENE-SSW-WSW off
Eol-06 NNE-ENE-SSW-WSW off
Eol-08 NNE-ENE-SSW-WSW off
Eol-10 NNE-ENE-SSW-WSW off
Eol-12 NNE-ENE-SSW-WSW off
NNE
ENE
SSW
WSW
Wind rose extremely directional: layout almost othogonal to the prevailing directions
In the sporadic case of wind blowing parallel to the layout, the small inter-distance
may induce anomalously high loads on turbines.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7
8 9
10 11
12 13
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Sector Management in WindSim
WindSim : running 2 layouts A) All 13 turbines
B) Curtailed layout 7 turbines
Sectorial Curtailment AEP
Turbulence Ieff
A B
Sectorial combination of AEP and IEC
classification parameters results, from
the 2 layouts, in Wind Energy Module
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Sector Management: AEP Calculation
Unmanaged WTGs
Layout A) 13 WTGs - NO curtailment Layout A) 13 WTGs - NO curtailment
Layout B) 7 WTGs - CURTAILMENT
Replace sectorial AEPs of the
unmanaged layout, with the ones
obtained in curtailed layout (with wake
effects) in the managed sectors:
NNW- WNW - SSE - ESE
Sum new sectorial net AEPs
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Sector Management: AEP Calculation
Managed WTGs
Layout A) 13 WTGs - NO curtailment Layout A) 13 WTGs - NO curtailment
Set to 0 AEPs (both with wake and no wake effects) in the managed sectors:
NNW- WNW - SSE - ESE
Sum new sectorial gross & net AEPs
=0.0 =0.0
=0.0 =0.0
=0.0 =0.0
=0.0
=0.0
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Effects of Sector Management on AEP
D AEP= - 0.05%
D Wake(%)= - 0.22(%)
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Sector Management : Ieff Calculation
10;
/1
12
1
,
12
1
,,
m
s
sIeff
Ieff
m
j
ji
j
ji
m
ji
i
Ieff
samples
Replace sectorial Ieff (j) with the
ones obtained in curtailed layout
in the managed sectors:
NNW- WNW - SSE – ESE
Unmanaged WTGs
Managed WTGs
Set to 0 Number of Samples in
the managed sectors:
NNW- WNW - SSE – ESE
IEC_Classification.log file from Layout with NO curtailment:
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Effects of Wind-Sector Management on Ieff
6 m/s
Results on Ieff are minimally affected by sectorial curtailment, especially for winds
> 5-6 m/s
WTG02
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Sector-wise values of Irep
Wind rose (especially for high winds) is highly directional, and the managed sectors
modestly contribute to the statistics of Irep
MANAGED SECTORS
Irep WTG02
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Conclusions
In some other cases, in order to reduce fatigue loading on turbines’ components, a
Sector Management could be useful (i.e. layout with low efficiency, straight turbines
rows, orthogonal to prevailing winds, with close spacing).
WindSim
Sector Management
Calculation
In the examined case-study, Sector Management has a modest impact on the high
turbulence intensity.
Why? highly directional wind rose;
managed sectors modestly contribute to the statistics of Ieff
high turbulence values are due to ambient turbulence in the prevailing sectors, as
appears in the measurements of the mast
- Run different Sector Management Strategy solutions
- Easily evaluate AEP and TI for each solution
- Helps to find the optimum balance between loads
on turbines and power production
Since the case-study is based on a short set of data (2 years), customer could
choose to adopt Sector Management to avoid even rare occasions of severe
turbulence that may occur, considering the close distance between WTGs.
Tønsberg, 26-27 June 2014 User Meeting
Contacts
www.studiorinnovabili.it
e-mail: [email protected]
Ing. Beatrice Pistoni
e-mail: [email protected]
Ing. Luigi Imperato
Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 282-284 - 00186 Roma
Tel. +39 06 8079555
Fax +39 06 80693106
web: www.studiorinnovabili.it